Borno State Nigeria Research Articles

Fatal post-parturient diarrhoea in a nursing cow transported to Akinyele International Cattle Market, Ibadan, Nigeria: A case report

A pregnant cow of Kuri breed, estimated age of six years old with second calving was transported on land from Maiduguri, Borno state Nigeria. The journey took four days to the Akinyele International Cattle Market. The pregnant cow calved immediately on arrival at the market. A week after calving, the nursing cow was offered for sale and slaughter. The nursing cow and the calf were purchased and put under intensive medical and management care of an experienced cattle stockman in the market. The nursing cow became diarrheic on the second week of arrival at the market. Clinical examination by visual observation revealed projectile watery faeces, stained hindquarter and the pair rectal sterile swab samples were collected. Though the temperature and pulse rate were within the normal range. Standard bacteriological faecal culture of the rectal swab incubated overnight at 370C in selenith F- broth, Nutrient and blood agars at 370C for 24 hours were done, revealing heavy mixed growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Bacillus species. Identification of colonies were based on morphology, gram staining, cultural and biochemical characteristics. In-vitro Antibiotic sensitivity testing on discrete colonies of bacteria faeces were done, using agar- Disk diffusion method. The E. coli, Klebsiella and Bacillus species were sensitive to ciprofloxacin® (10μg) and pefloxacin® (30μg). Sulfanol® (sulphadimidin) a broad spectrum antibiotic was administered immediately intramuscularly at 333mg in 3ml per 10kg for four days. Defaecation of the nursing cow stopped for two days after treatment. On the third day of the treatment, the faeces became pasty but the cow died overnight despite the good response to therapy.

Epidemiology of measles in a security compromised setting: A retrospective analysis of surveillance data in Borno State Nigeria, 2007–2017

Epidemiology of measles in a security compromised setting: A retrospective analysis of surveillance data in Borno State Nigeria, 2007–2017

Fertility status of some irrigated soils under constant irrigation (a case study of Mashamari Area of Jere Local Government Borno State Nigeria)

Fertility status of some irrigated soils under constant irrigation (a case study of Mashamari Area of Jere Local Government Borno State Nigeria)

Morphometric evaluations of intercondylar distances using computed tomographic scan images in Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria

Knowledge of the anatomy of the occipital condyle (OC) and the structures around it is significant in sex determination and in surgical operations involving the basicranium. The present study attempts to evaluate the anterior occipital intercondylar distance (AOID) and posterior occipital intercondylar distance (POID) in the sample population as well as its variability in different populations. The sample population for the present study comprised of computed tomographic (CT) images of 110 patients (60 males and 50 females) aged 18–65 years obtained from the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State-Nigeria. Males presented significantly higher mean values for both the parameters measured (p<0.001). Mean values of AOID in males and females are respectively 24.15 mm and 22.31 mm, while the POID mean values are 26.83 mm and 23.79 mm. The ratio of POID to AOID is 1.1:1.0 in both males and females in the sample. This ratio varies from population to population.

Short-term effect of Tramadol injection on the serum levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone in Male Sahel Goats in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Tramadol is a synthetic analogue of codeine. Its mood elevation property and sex enhancement potentials are the main reason for its abuse. The aim of the study was to determine the short-term effect of tramadol administration on Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Testosterone (TEST) levels in Male Sahel Goats. This was an experimental study conducted from 1st October 2017 to 12th November 2017 at the Livestock Teaching and Research Farm, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria involving 20 Male Sahel Goats. The goats were divided in to 4 groups of 5 each; group 1 served as control and groups 2, 3 and 4 were injected intramuscularly with 4 mg/kg (low dose), 8 mg/kg (medium dose) and 12 mg/kg (high dose) of Tramadol respectively. The injections were given intramuscularly, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of FSH, LH and TEST at 0, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks of tramadol injections. The Mean±SD of the hormones were computed using SPSS 20. The difference in mean was compared using t test and ANOVA with p < 0.05 set for statistical significance. The baseline levels of FSH, LH and TEST in Male Sahel Goat in Maiduguri were 2.91±5.74 Miu/ml, 0.29±0.72 Miu/ml and 3.92±6.39 ng/ml respectively. Only the goats in group 4 showed a significant increase in serum FSH and LH by the 4th week (P=0.01 and 0.03 respectively) while no significant change was noted in the other groups. The was a decline in the level of Testosterone from 1st week through 4th week in all the experimental group but the level in the control group remain fairly constant throughout the experiment. The decline is inversely proportional to the dose of tramadol injection and most marked in group 4.High dose and prolonged used of Tramadol should be avoided because of side effects of Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Â

An Overview of the Role of Traditional Institutions in Nigeria

An Overview of the Role of Traditional Institutions in Nigeria

Changes in Land Use /Land Cover of Maiduguri Urban, Borno State Nigeria

Changes in Land Use /Land Cover of Maiduguri Urban, Borno State Nigeria

Compliance with Use of Micronutrient Powder among Caregivers of Children Aged 6-23 Months in a District of a State in North East Nigeria

Aims: To assess the knowledge and perception about micronutrient powder (MNP) use, compliance with use of the product, and determine factors influencing compliance to continual use of MNP for food fortification among caregivers of children aged 6-23 months in Konduga LGA, Borno State, Nigeria.
 Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Konduga LGA, Borno State Nigeria in August 2018.
 Methodology: A total of 218 caregivers of children aged 6-23 months were selected using a multistage sampling technique. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to interview respondents on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about complementary feeding, perception about MNP use and compliance with use of MNP for food fortification. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression, with the level of significance set at 0.05.
 Results: Respondents were female with 111 (50.9%) below 30 years of age (mean age: 29.3±8.0). Twenty-four (11%) of the respondents have good knowledge of complementary feeding and 77 (35.3%) have a good perception of the use of MNP. Almost two-thirds [135 (61.9%)] of the respondents used MNP. Factors that influenced respondents’ compliance with use of MNP include; being <30 years of age (P= .04), having a spouse with formal education (P= .003) and is not working (P= .013) and having good knowledge of complementary feeding (P= .01). Among these factors, having a spouse that is not working determined compliance with use of MNP (AOR=3.3, 95% CI= 1.6-7.5).
 Conclusion: Although compliance with use of MNP was above average, however, there is need to improve on Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) counselling focusing on the importance of MNP particularly among the older caregivers and their spouse.

The Development of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among Secondary School Students in Borno State Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Insurgency has long been rooted in the Nigerian society. It affected deeply in the daily activities of the country. Thousands of people including school children have been maimed, displaced, orphaned and killed in Borno and entire North Eastern Nigeria and some other part of North Western Nigeria especially in the state of Kano because of the insurgency. The Boko Haram movement for example have caused enormous chaos within the society especially the school children. The movement have targeted civilian populations irrespective of gender, tribal and religious inclination among people and, the merciless attack and bombings carried out by them including abduction and kidnapping of female students have caused destruction of the school facilities and the well-being of the society. A continuous exposure to such stress created by war resulted the development various difficulties such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among school children. A systematic review was used to critically analyzed the impact of the insurgency in the society based on several related studies. The effect of the insurgency on the society was then highlighted which tells the story of the educational difficulties.

Ethnobotany of Weeds; Weed Flora of Ramat Polytechnic Teaching and Research Farm, Maiduguri Borno State of Nigeria

This study was carried out to ascertain the species of weeds at Ramat Polytechnic Teaching and Research Farm, Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria. The objective of the study is to identify the weeds flora and ethnobotanical benefits of these weeds. Weed flora shows that 38 weed species were identified belonging to 18 different families out of which mostly, twenty-six (26) are annuals the remaining (8) are perennials. The distribution of these weeds further shows that Cleome gynandra L., Commelina benghalens is Schult. F., Euphorbia hirta linn., Crotalaria mucronata L., Senna occidentalis L., Boerhavia erecta L., Eragrotis tenella (A. Rich) Hoschst. Ex Steud., Cenchrus biflorus (Roxb.)., Corchorus olitorius L. and Tribulus terrestris L. have high (70%) occurrence at the farm. The dominant plant families are the Fabaceae, Poaceae and Malvaceae. Most of the samples weeds have uses ranging from medicinal, soup, fodder and mulch cover.

Relationship between Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment and Functional Activity of Stroke Survivors in Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria

Stroke survivors often experience serious cognitive impairment which may impact on their functional activity and the ability to lead an independent life. However, there is paucity of information on the relationship between post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and functional activity of Nigerian stroke survivors. This study therefore examined the relationship between post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and functional activity of stroke survivors attending physiotherapy clinics in Maiduguri, north-eastern Nigeria. A cross sectional study design was utilized and a purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants for this study. One hundred stroke patients from Physiotherapy clinics in Maiduguri, north-eastern Nigeria participated in this study. Data forms were used to obtain information on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants while Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Barthel Index (BI) scale were used to obtain information on cognitive impairment and functional activity of the participants respectively. Descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages were used to summarise the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation was used to investigate the relationship between PSCI and overall functional activity of the participants on one hand and between PSCI and components of functional activity of the participants. Out of the 100 stroke survivors that participated in the study, 55% were male while 45% were female. The mean age and post-stroke duration of the participants were 55.16 ± 10.01 years and 9.90 ± 10.07 months respectively. The results showed that a positive and significant relationship existed between PSCI and overall functional activity of the participants (r = 0.55, p = 0.00). Similarly, there was a significant and positive correlation between PSCI and the components of functional activity except with the bowel control component of functional activity. The correlations were varied with the highest correlation observed between PSCI and mobility component (r = 0.58, p = 0.001) while the lowest correlation was between PSCI and the bowel control component (r = 0.17, p= 0.10). the correlation coefficient for the other components namely the feeding, bathing, grooming, dressing, bladder control, toilet use, transfer and stair climbing were 0.40, 0.45, 0.40, 0.41, 0.39, 0.44, 0.50 and 0.53 respectively. The outcome of this study showed that the relationship between PSCI and functional activity of the stroke survivors was significant and positive. Furthermore, correlation was highest between PSCI and mobility component of functional activity. It is concluded that reducing PSCI could positively impact on the functional activity of stroke survivors, and enhancing functional activity could also reduce Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment (PSCI) and therefore Physiotherapists should endeavor to assess cognitive impairment among stroke patients and incorporate treatment strategies that will enhance functional outcome.

The development of post traumatic stress disorder among secondary school students in borno state Nigeria: a systematic review

Insurgency has long been rooted in the Nigerian society. It affected deeply in the daily activities of the country. Thousands of people including school children have been maimed, displaced, orphaned and killed in Borno and entire North Eastern Nigeria and some other part of North Western Nigeria especially in the state of Kano because of the insurgency. The Boko Haram movement for example have caused enormous chaos within the society especially the school children. The movement have targeted civilian populations irrespective of gender, tribal and religious inclination among people and, the merciless attack and bombings carried out by them including abduction and kidnapping of female students have caused destruction of the school facilities and the well-being of the society. A continuous exposure to such stress created by war resulted the development various difficulties such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among school children. A systematic review was used to critically analyzed the impact of the insurgency in the society based on several related studies. The effect of the insurgency on the society was then highlighted which tells the story of the educational difficulties.

Adolescent Trauma in Armed Conflict Areas and Associated Risk of Gangster Violence: The Maiduguri, Nigeria Perspective

The study investigated traumatic experiences and risk factors associated with gangster violence among adolescents living in armed conflict areas, specifically Maiduguri, the Borno state capital, of Nigeria. Three answers were provided with regards to Forms of traumatic experiences of adolescents exposed to insurgency in Maiduguri, Prevalence of risk factors associated with gangster violence among adolescents exposed to insurgency in Maiduguri and relationship between exposure to insurgency and risk factors associated with gangster violence among adolescents exposed to insurgency in Maiduguri. Five hundred adolescent students were randomly sampled from 10 junior secondary schools in Maiduguri. All participants were below 19 years of age. Participants responded to two instruments; Instrument for Risk Factor Associated with Gang/Insurgency (IRAGI) and Instrument for Traumatic Experiences of Insurgency Victims (ITEIV). IRAGI constitutes of 17 items measuring risk behaviour that may underlie gangster violence among adolescents. Response for the instrument was measured on a scale of “Much Like Me,” “Less like me” and “Unlike Me” = 3, 2, 1 respectively. Reliability of the instrument is .72 (Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient using SPSS). The second instrument ITEIV (Chronbach’s alpha reliability .69) constitutes of 15 items measuring traumatic experiences of adolescents exposed to Boko haram insurgency in Maiduguri. Responses to the items were on three-point (Verytrue, Uncertain and Nottrue). Items for both instruments were derived from literature and suggestions from student. The instrument was validated by experts in the department of education, University of Maiduguri, Borno state Nigeria. The instrument was pilot tested using students from schools other than the population of study. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics was used in answering research questions while hypothesis on relationship between traumatic experiences and risk factors associated with gangster violence among adolescents exposed to insurgency in Maiduguri was tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Findings of the study indicated that adolescents are traumatized by Loss of family home/properties, Loss of family business/source of income, Death of a family member at the hands of insurgents, Death of family members at the hands of insurgents and witnessing death of other people at the hands of insurgents. Risk factors exhibited by adolescents in Maiduguri include participation in non-peaceful demonstrations, shouting at teachers and fellow students, hitting anyone infringing on your rights and friendship with bullies. Statistically significant relationship was found between traumatic experiences and risk factors associated with gangster violence among adolescents in Maiduguri. Based on the findings, it was recommended that attention be paid to adolescents psychological needs; effort should be made to ameliorate the plights of victims of Insurgency in Maiduguri.

The economic effect of insurgency on smoked fish sellers in Maiduguri Metropolis of Borno State Nigeria

The research examined the economic effect of insurgency on smoked fish sellers in Baga fish marketing Maiduguri metropolis of Borno-State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using questionnaires. A total of 60 respondents were randomly selected for the study. Descriptive statistics and gross margin was used to analyse data generated. The result reveales that 91.7% of the respondents were male, 83.3% married, 53.3% were between 41- 60 years, 41.7% constitute family size of between 1-5, 33.3% of the respondent had moderate educational level while 90% had trading as their main occupation. The previous and present gross margin values for small, medium and large carton of smoked fish were (N1, 402.00, N1, 962.20, and N4, 455.30) and (N1, 733.80, N13, 893.00 and N66, 488.70) respectively. The problems mostly encountered were poor storage facilities, pests and disease, lower market price by the buyers due to its perishable nature and lack of access to capital with 21.9%, 31.4% 22.5% and 24.3% respectively. The insurgency attack has negative effect on the economic activities of smoke fish sellers. Local dried fish marketers should be organized into cooperative groups by extension agents and government should provide adequate infrastructural facilities such as modern storage facilities, good road network etc.Keywords: Fish seller, Insurgency, Baga market

Identification of Fungal Species Associated with Contaminants and Pathogenicity on <i>Tamarindus Indica</i> Fruits from Maiduguri Monday Market, Borno State Nigeria

A study of Tamarindus indica fruits rot was carried out in Maiduguri Monday Market located in The North- Eastern Nigeria. Tamarind indica fruits are showing sign of spoilage and fresh one were collected to ascertain the presence of contaminant and pathogenicity test was carry out to confirm further the fungal pathogen associated with fruits rot. We assessed the effects of temperature on the growth of colony diameter of the isolate. In vitro radial growth of each species of the fungal isolates (Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Ulocladium chartarum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium citrinum) was measured at 37°C, 42°C, 47°C, 52°C, and 57°C for three weeks. Optimal growth for all the five-species occurred at 37°C, with slower growth at 47°C and 52°C. At 57°C, values of colony diameter reduced significantly for all the fungal isolates observed, however, there was a close relationship in values of colony diameter obtained for all the fungal species at 57°C. After three weeks, fungal colonies were digitally photomicrographed and colony opacity was assessed.

Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy as Determinants of Ethical Work Behaviour of Artisan in Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria

This study investigated the role of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy on ethical work behavior of artisan in Maiduguri, capital of Borno State Northeast Nigeria. The study adopted behavioural theory of obedience as its main theoretical framework. Expos facto survey design was adopted for the study. Two hundred and eight-two (282) participants were selected accidentally for the study. Results revealed that artisans who reported with high emotional intelligence were significantly different in the level of ethical work behaviour compared to those who reported low level of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence does not significantly predict ethical work behavior of artisan and self-efficacy significantly predict ethical work behavior of artisans. However, it shows that emotional intelligence and self-efficacy jointly predict ethical work behavior of artisan. There was no any significant main and interaction effect of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy on ethical work behaviour among artisans in Maiduguri. Female artisans significantly reported higher scores on ethical work behaviour scale than male artisans. The study however recommended that management of the organization should send their employees (artisans) on sponsored training programme of the organisation which focused on enhancing their ethical work behavior.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 188-192

Economic Efficiency of Irrigated Vegetable Production in Borno State Nigeria: A Stochastic Frontier Cost Function Approach

Economic Efficiency of Irrigated Vegetable Production in Borno State Nigeria: A Stochastic Frontier Cost Function Approach

Physiochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Selected Sachet Water in Jere and Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria

The study involved the determination of some physiochemical and bacteriological properties in sachet-water samples taken within selected geopolitical wards in Jere and Maiduguri Metropolis. The purpose was to ascertain the quality of sachet water sold for consumption within the area. Ten samples were drawn, five from each study area. The samples were analysed for temperature, colour, turbidity, pH, conductivity, iron, total alkalinity and total dissolved solid. Bacteriological analysis was also carried out using multiple tube (most probable number) technique for enumeration of both total coli form count and differential Escherichia coli count. Other physical examination like volume, National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC) registration number, batch number, production date and expiry date were also examined. The results obtained were compared with World Health Organization (WHO), NAFDAC and Nigeria Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). Variations were observed among the entire samples in comparison with the standard. Some of the parameters conform to the standard like the Tempreture, pH, colour, odour, iron content and NAFDAC registration number while others like TDS, total alkalinity and volumetric quantity fell below the standard. The bacteriological analysis also showed that 80% of the samples studied revealed the presence of coliforms. Hence, there is need for regulatory agencies like NAFDAC and Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) to intensify effort in the routine monitoring of quality of sachet water marketed for consumption.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12177 International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, page: 48-57

Level of Organochlorine Pesticides Residue in Fish, Water and Sediment in Biu Dam (Reservoir) Borno State Nigeria

The health risks posed by organochlorine compounds to the total environment have continued to elicit concern among researchers in developing countries worldwide. Hence, this study focused on investigating the levels of Organochlorine pesticides residues in water sediment and fish samples in Biu dam reservoir. The pesticides residues in the fish and sediment samples were extracted by soxhlet extraction process using a mixture of n-hexane and acetone while w ater sample was extracted using dichloromethane liquid- liquid extraction method. The extracts were cleaned and analysed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) equipped with electron capture detector. Endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, alpha BHC and heptachlor were detected in the study area. While chlordane, methoxychlor, other isomers of BHC, DDT and its degradation products were not detected in all the samples analysed. Endrin had the highest value

Brucella infection among prison inmates in Borno state Nigeria

Brucella infection among prison inmates in Borno state Nigeria