Incidence Of Borer Research Articles

Correlation the incidence of major insect-pest and natural enemies with weather parameters

Major insect pest of okra viz., jassid (Amrasca bigutulla biguttula), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), and shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) damaged heavily during the kharif. The incidence of leafhopper, whitefly, shoot and fruit borer and natural enemies show correlation with weather parameters, minimum temperature showed significantly positive correlation (r = 0.611* and 0.807**) with jassid incidence during both the year of study. Maximum temperature showed non-significant negative correlation with jassid incidence during 2018 and significantly positive correlation during 2019 and correlation values in respective years were (r= -0.234 and 0.836**). Relative humidity and rainfall showed negative non-significant correlation with Whitefly incidence during both the years and correlation values in respective years were (r= -0.323, -0.092 and r= -0.562, -0.580). Minimum temperature showed positive significant correlation (r= 0.757** and 0.835**) during both the years. Maximum temperature showed non-significant negative correlation with per cent shoot damage during 2018 and significantly positive correlation during 2019 and correlation values in respective years were (r= -0.138 and 0.810**). Whereas, wind speed and sunshine showed positive non-significant correlation (r= 0.040 and 0.171) during first year and negative non-significant correlation (r= -0.373 and -0.064) during second year. minimum temperature and Clubiona sp. showed positive significant correlation (r= 0.438 and 0.493) during both the years.

Influence of intercropping on the incidence of gram pod borer H. armigera (Hub.) and its natural enemies in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.)

A field experiment on influence of intercropping on the incidence of gram pod borer H. armigera (Hub.) and its natural enemies in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) was conducted at Entomology Research Farm, PGI, MPKV, Rahuri during Rabi 2019-20. Eight treatments intercrop with gram viz. mustard, coriander, linseed, oat, lentil, pea, wheat, sorghum and one sole crop of gram were evaluated. The result revealed that the treatment T3 (Chickpea+ Coriander) had the lowest (2.38 larvae/mrl) population. The maximum population (6.43 larvae/mrl) was observed in treatment T1 Chickpea sole crop. The mean percent parasitization of C. chlorideae was best influenced by intercrops. The treatment T3 (Chickpea+ Coriander) had highest (26.7%) parasitization by C. chlorideae. Significant lowest pod damage (15.50%) was recorded in the treatment T2 (Chickpea + Mustard). Regarding the economics of the intercropping system, the treatment T3 (Chickpea + Coriander) was found superior. It recorded the highest net return of Rs.68344/hectare.

Stem borer incidence in maize

Field experiment was conducted at Maize Research Centre, Rajendranagar by undertaking sowings at monthly intervals from January to December during two years 2013 and 2014. Observations on stemborer incidence was recorded at 45 DAG and subjected to analysis after angular transformation. June sown crop had lowest infestation of 2.83 per cent followed by December (3.35%) and May (3.69%) sown crops and all were significantly on par. Dead hearts were low in April, May and December sown crops i.e., 0.11 per cent, 0.15 per cent and 0.55 per cent, respectively and all were on par with each other. Highest per cent dead hearts were in Sep. sown crop (7.67%).

Evaluation of Various Pest Management Modules Against Rice Yellow Stemborer, Scirphopaga incertulas (Walker) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera)

Background: Globally, rice yellow stem borer alone causes yield losses of 10 m t accounting for 50 per cent of all insecticides usage in the rice field farmers depend upon a plenty of insecticide applications, even though a lot of insecticide applications are not effectual (Sarwar et al., 2005). The over- reliance on use of chemicals to manage this pest had lead to numerous undesirable consequences like disrupting natural enemy complexes, secondary pest outbreaks, pest resurgence, development of insecticide resistance and environmental pollution. Keeping in view the deleterious effects of chemical pesticides, there is a need to evaluate alternate methods or integrated methods to manage the rice stem borer effectively without any menace to the ecological niche. Hence, a research trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various pest management modules against rice stem borer in comparison to farmers practice and sole chemical control, besides in concern to yield and cost economics. Methods: The field efficacy of various pest management modules viz., non-chemical based, non-chemical + biorational methods, chemical-based, IPM module and farmers practice against rice yellow stem borer were evaluated during the wet season and dry seasons of 2016 and 2017. The experimental was laid in a net area of 10 m x 20 m each plot laid in Randomized Block Design which comprised of five treatments (modules) with four replications. The incidence of rice yellow stem borer (YSB) in various modules in terms of percent dead hearts (% DH) during tillering stage and percent white ears (%WE) during maturing stage were recorded. Result: It was evident from the pooled mean data that among various modules, the least per cent dead hearts (2.68 and 2.56% DH ) and white ears (2.79 and 2.31% WE) were registered in IPM based module followed by farmers practice (2.31 and 2.32% dead hearts and 3.92 and 4.77% white ears) and chemical-l based module (2.90 and 4.24% dead hearts and 5.59 and 5.18% white ears) as against highest incidence in non- chemical (13.78 and 13.7% dead hearts; 18.24 and 17.94% white ears) and non- chemical + bio rational (11.40 and 9.88% dead hearts; 13.09 and 11.25% white ears ) based modules during the wet season and dry season, respectively.

Pest and Diseases Control Using Synthetic and Botanical Pesticides on Several Wheat Varieties

The research was carried out to find out the effect of wheat varieties and types of pesticide to control the naturally occurred pests and diseases. The research was designed in a split plot experiment with three replications. The main plot was 3 botanical pesticides (eugenol+eugenol acetate+caryophillene, azadirachtin, citronellal) and 1 synthetic pesticide (dimehypo 550 g/l) and 1 control (distilled water). The subplot was 4 wheat varieties (Guri 1, Guri 3, Guri 4, and Guri 6). Twice application of botanical pesticides was carried out at 30 and 60 days after planting (DAP). Results showed that in both vegetative and generative stage, two main pests were found, namely: Atherigona sp. and stem borer Sesamia inferens. Shoot fly incidence occured before the application of pesticide treatments. The percentage of incidence ranged from 10.33% at Guri 1 to 35.00% at Guri 6. No interaction among the applied treatments was observed on the average percentage of stem borer incidence on both growth stages. The visibly found disease was leaf blotch disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. All evaluated varieties were very susceptible to leaf blotch. The harvestable grain yield was very low due to the attacks of shoot fly, stem borer and also high incidence of leaf blotch.

Effect of planting dates on stem borer incidence and its natural enemies in relation to weather variables in rice ecosystem

Effect of planting dates on stem borer incidence and its natural enemies in relation to weather variables in rice ecosystem

Effect of weather parameters on pest incidence of summer paddy varieties: Bhogawati and Phule Radha

The present investigation entitled “Effect of weather parameters on Pest incidence of summer paddy varieties” was carried out during summer, 2014 at Agricultural Research Station farm, VadgaonMaval, Tal- Maval, Dist- Pune. The field experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. There were sixteen treatment combinations comprising of four varieties IET-13549 (Bhogawati) and RDN-99-1 (PhuleRadha) as main plot treatments and four fertilizer levels (F1-75% RDF through straight fertilizers, F2-100% RDF through straight fertilizers, F3-125% RDF through straight fertilizers and F4-RDF through Urea DAP form(57:29:00)+50 KgK2O )as sub plot treatments. The gross and net plot size were 2.95 m x 2.95 m and 2.55 m x 2.55 m, respectively. A spacing of 15-25 cm x 15-25 cm was adopted. Disease incidence and per cent disease intensity was lower with more with IET-13549 (Bhogawati) and RDN-99-1 (PhuleRadha).).Pest Incidence and pest intensity (%) was more with fertilizer levels of 75% RDF through straight fertilizers and lower with fertilizer through Urea DAP briquette form (57:29:00)+50KgK2O.There was positive correlation between maximum temperature, morning relative humidity, BSS and canopy temperature and incidence of leaf folder, stem borer and brown plant hopper but negative correlation with minimum temperature,, evening relative humidity, growing degree day.

Efficacy of chlorantraniliprole 625g/L FS (Lumivia) for the management of stem borer and leaf folder in direct seeded rice

The major production constraint of rice in enhancing productivity is due to attack by pests. Rice stem borer and leaf folder are considered as economic pests and influence the yield if proper timely management practices are not adopted. In case of severe pest incidences the usage of insecticides is inevitable. Among various modes of application of insecticides, seed treatment is mostly advantageous as it is required in small amount and offers control of target pests and ensuing the establishment of healthy and vigorous plants. Hence, studies on efficacy pertaining to Chlorantraniliprole 625g/L FS (lumivia) at different concentrations along with check chemicals viz., cartap hydrochloride 4G and untreated control were evaluate at Agricultural Research Station, Vuyyuru during kharif, 2019 and rabi 2019-2020 to assess the efficacy of various test chemicals against stem borer and leaf folder infesting direct sown rice. The experimental trial was laid out with seven treatments that were replicated four times and treatments were imposed as seed dresser and broadcasted as direct sown rice. The data on per dead hearts and per cent leaf folder damaged leaves at 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 days after sowing were recorded for both rice variety (MTU 1061) and rice hybrid (28P67). The results revealed that, among various test chemicals the treatment T4 (Chlorantraniliprole 625g/L FS @ 90 g a.i./ha) had registered highest per cent reduction of stem borer with 76.71 & 68.60 in kharif and rabi seasons of study period for rice variety. With respect to rice hybrid the per cent reduction of stem borer incidence over control was 78.19 & 65.09 per cent in kharif and rabi, 2019-2020, respectively. Similarly, the leaf folder damaged leaves were also recorded least in T4 with 61.06 & 62.96 per cent reduction over control with respect to rice variety during kharif and rabi, 2019-2020, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for rice hybrid was 61.04 and 71.64 during kharif and rabi seasons, respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that chlorantraniliprole 625g/L FS @ 90 g a.i./ha@ (lumivia) is effective as seed dresser in suppressing stem borer and leaf folder in direct seeded rice with no phytotoxicity on rice crop and no adverse effects on natural enemies.

Exogenous Application of Different Silicon Sources and Potassium Reduces Pink Stem Borer Damage and Improves Photosynthesis, Yield and Related Parameters in Wheat

Silicon (Si) and potassium are known to impart tolerance against numerous biotic stresses in crop plants. A study was conducted to determine the effect of diatomaceous earth (DE), a soil-applied Si source and soluble silicic acid, a foliar applied Si source at two levels of potassium for their efficacy against pink stem borer (PSB) incidence and damage in wheat under field conditions for two seasons. The effect of these Si sources and potassium levels on photosynthesis, yield, and related parameters were also studied. Soil application of DE @ 300 kg ha−1 significantly decreased the PSB incidence with the lowest percent white ear damage and recorded the highest grain yield of 3.31 t ha−1. Both soil and foliar applied Si sources along with potassium @ 36 kg ha−1 significantly enhanced the net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, intercellular CO2 concentration, spike length, spike weight, number of grains per spike, 1000 grains weight and significantly decreased the transpiration rate in contrast to untreated control (no Si application) and insecticidal check. Soil applied Si sources significantly enhanced plant-available Si content in soil solution and thereby Si content in stem tissues of wheat plants in contrast to foliar-applied Si sources. Maximum Benefit: Cost ratio (2.03) was recorded with soil application of DE @ 150 kg ha−1 which was more than recommended insecticidal check (1.74). Both Si sources proved significantly superior to insecticidal check in managing PSB in wheat under field conditions and improved photosynthesis, yield and related parameters, which can be integrated with other practices for sustainable, eco-friendly management of PSB in wheat.

Influence of weather factors on incidence of fruit borer complex (Earias vittella Fabricius and Helicoverpa armigera Hub.) on okra

An experiment was conducted to study the seasonal incidence of fruit borer infesting okra (cultivar – Bhindi No.10) during post-kharif (2015 & 2016) and pre-kharif (2016 & 2017) season at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, West Bengal, India. The result revealed that the activity of fruit borer was found more during pre-kharif season in comparison to post-kharif season. The peak incidence of fruit borer (28.43%/plant) was observed in 45SW during post-kharif season and (33.22%/plant) in 20SW during pre-kharif season. Weather play an important role in incidence of fruit borer in both post-kharif and pre-kharif seasons under study. During post-kharif season, fruit borer (bored fruit %) had significantly negative correlation with maximum and minimum temperature of all weeks. During pre-kharif season the maximum temperature of current week, minimum temperature of all the week, evening RH of current week, 1-lag week and total rainfall of 2-lag week had positively significant influence on fruit borer incidence.

Influence of weather factors on incidence of yellow stem borer in aromatic rice under agro-climatic condition of Jharkhand

Field experiment was conducted to study the influence of weather factors on incidence of yellow stem borer, Scirophaga incertula under agro-climatic condition of Jharkhand.it was revealed that incidence of YSB started after one or two week of transplanting and it caused dead heart in vegetative stage and white ear head in reproductive stage of the crop. Dead heart had significant correlation with maximum temperature while white ear head had negative effect.

Population dynamics of major insect pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) and its correlation with different abiotic factors under south Gujarat conditions

Investigations were carried out to know the population dynamics of major insect pest of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) and its correlation with different abiotic factors under south Gujarat conditions at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during summer 2018. The results revealed that aphid, jassid and whitefly population started from 3rd week of March reached to a peak level of 3.0 aphid index, 4.66 jassids/leaf and 4.06 whiteflies/leaf respectively. The incidence of cowpea pod borer and spotted pod borer initiated from 4th WAS i.e. 3rd week of April (16th SMW) with the initiation of the flower and pod formation occurs pest population reached to a peak level 2.82 larvae/plant and 2.70 larvae per plant during 8th WAS (19th SMW).Then after the pest population declined throughout the cropping period. Almost all the insect pests were found abundant in 2nd week of May, i.e. 8th week after sowing. Among various weather parameters, rainfall showed a significantly negative influence on population of almost all pests and morning relative humidity showed a significantly negative influence on population of almost all pests except jassid and H. armigera.

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Effect of inundative releases of Trichogramma chilonis in sugarcane

Studies on effect of inundative releases of Trichogramma chilonis in sugarcane revealed that the frequency and rate of T. chilonis release had played a significant role in the management of sugarcane shoot borers. Early shoot borer and internode borer incidence was low in T. chilonis @ 75,000/ha/release, 6 times (6.54% and 2.27% ; 3.92% and 5.85%) followed by T. chilonis @ 50,000/ha/release, 6 times (7.9% and 4.26%) whereas untreated control recorded high incidence of early shoot borer and internode borer (10.94% and 15.95 %; 5.12% and 18.25 %) during 2015 and 2016. The sustainability of inundative releases of T. chilonis with highest per cent field recovery was recorded in T. chilonis release @75,000/ha/release, 6 times during monsoon period (68.63% and 20% ) and post monsoon period (29.55% and 37.59 %) as compared to pre monsoon period (12.1% and 9.27 %) of 2015 and 2016. Cane yields recorded in plant crop, 2015 (52.42 t/ha) and ratoon crop, 2016 (47.95 t/ha) revealed that high rate of T. chilonis @ 75,000/ha/release resulted in increased yields (21.77 % and 24.64 %) over untreated control.

Machine learning algorithms for forecasting the incidence of Coffea arabica pests and diseases.

Disease and pest alert models are able to generate information for agrochemical applications only when needed, reducing costs and environmental impacts. With machine learning algorithms, it is possible to develop models to be used in disease and pest warning systems as a function of the weather in order to improve the efficiency of chemical control of pests of the coffee tree. Thus, we correlated the infection rates with the weather variables and also calibrated and tested machine learning algorithms to predict the incidence of coffee rust, cercospora, coffee miner, and coffee borer. We used weather and field data obtained from coffee plantations in production in the southern regions of the State of Minas Gerais (SOMG) and from the region of the Cerrado Mineiro; these crops did not receive phytosanitary treatments. The algorithms calibrated and tested for prediction were (a) Multiple linear regression (RLM); (b) K Neighbors Regressor (KNN); (c) Random Forest Regressor (RFT), and (d) Artificial Neural Networks (MLP). As dependent variables, we considered the monthly rates of coffee rust, cercospora, coffee miner, and coffee tree borer, and the weather elements were considered as independent (predictor) variables. Pearson correlation analyses were performed considering three different time periods, 1-10d (from 1 to 10days before the incidence evaluation), 11-20d, and 21-30d, and used to evaluate the unit correlations between the weather variables and infection rates of coffee diseases and pests. The models were calibrated in years of high and low yields, because the biannual variation of harvest yield of coffee beans influences the severity of the diseases. The models were compared by the Willmott's 'd', RMSE (root mean square error), and coefficient of determination (R2) indices. The result of the more accurate algorithm was specialized for the SOMG and Cerrado Mineiro regions using the kriging method. The weather variables that showed significant correlations with coffee rust disease were maximum air temperature, number of days with relative humidity above 80%, and relative humidity. RFT was more accurate in the prediction of coffee rust, cercospora, coffee miner, and coffee borer using weather conditions. In the SOMG, RFT showed a greater accuracy in the predictions for the Cerrado Mineiro in years of high and low yields and for all diseases. In SOMG, the RMSE values ranged from 0.227 to 0.853 for high-yield and 0.147 and 0.827 for low-yield coffee in the coffee borer forecasting.

Population dynamics of okra shoot and fruit borer<em></em>(<em>Earias vittella</em>) of okra in agro-climatic condition of Pantnagar

The present investigation was carried out to study the population dynamics of Okra shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) and influence of various weather parameters on them at Vegetable research centre, Gobind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, during 2016-2017. The incidence of Okra shoot and fruit borer was recorded at 28th SMW (standard meteorological week) to 39th SMW. The result revealed that peak incidence of Okra shoot and fruit borer population was observed 5.9 larvae/ plant in 37th standard meteorological week. Correlation of Okra shoot and fruit borer(Earias vittella) population with weather parameters revealed that there was non-significant negative correlation with Minimum temperature (r = -0.162), evening relative humidity (r = -0.545) and sunshine hour (r = -0.572) while significant negative correlation with rainfall (r = -0.610*). While maximum temperature(r = 0.513), morning relative humidity (r =-0.201) and wind velocity (r =-0.411) showed non-significant positive correlation. The linear regression analysis using weather parameters as independent variables and Okra shoot and fruit borer as dependent variables could explain the variability up to 78% (R2= 0.76), respectively.

Bioefficacy and persistence of ferterra (chlorantraniliprole) for the management of top borer Scirpophaga excerptalis in sugarcane in Punjab, India

Bioefficacy and residues of chlorantraniliprole are reported in sugarcane under sub-tropical climatic conditions. Ferterra (chlorantraniliprole) was tested @ 15, 20, 25 and 30 kg ha−1 along with two other insecticides namely phorate and carbofuran @ 30 kg ha−1 each in a commercial sugarcane variety Co 0238. Cumulative per cent incidence of top borer with treatment of chlorantraniliprole @ 30 and 25kg ha−1 was significantly less (0.44 and 0.89% in 2014-15, 0.78 and 1.11% in 2015-16) as compared to the other treatments and both the doses were at par with each other. The net return after excluding insecticide and labour cost, in treatment of chlorantraniliprole @ 30 was the highest (Rs. 51,462/-) closely followed by 25 kg ha−1 (Rs. 49,909/-). It was the lowest in chlorantraniliprole 15 kg ha−1 (Rs. 15,769/-). The population of natural enemies viz. Apanteles flavipes, Isotima javensis and Stenobracon sp., with the application of chlorantraniliprole at different doses viz. 15, 20, 25 and 30 kg ha−1 was comparable to the control treatment. On the other hand, the use of phorate and carbofuran @ 30 kg ha−1 was found to be non-selective and harmful to the natural enemies. On the basis of results of top borer management and economics, chlorantraniliprole @ 25 kg ha−1 was found superior in sugarcane and also provided maximum cane and sugar yield along with the other physiological growth parameters. The chlorantraniliprole is a green chemistry molecule with potential for top borer management, and is safe to the prevailing natural enemies and the environment.

Effect of weather variables on the incidence of yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas W.) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis G.) in rice

Effect of weather variables on the incidence of yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas W.) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis G.) in rice

Effect of Different Sowing Dates for the Management of Chilli Pests

The field experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2015-16 to assess the effect of varying sowing dates against insect pest of chilli. The treatments were T1= 30 August (1st sowing); T2= 15 September (2nd sowing); T3= 30 September (3rd sowing); T4= 15 October (4th sowing), T5= 30 October (5th sowing) and T6= 15 November (6th sowing). Sowing was done at 15 days interval from August to November in the experimental field. The results showed that the maximum mean aphid (9.27/leaf), thrips (10.77/leaf), mite(11.51/leaf) and fruit borer population like H. armigera and S.litura larvae (8.25 and 6.74/plant, respectively) were found in 15 November sowing and minimum number of those insect pest were present in 30 August sowing. Red ripe chilli yields were also found to differ in descending order as follows: 30 August (13.05 t/ha)> 15 September (12.70 t/ha)> 30 September (10.30 t/ha)> 15 October (8.41 t/ha)> 30 October (5.20 t/ha)> 15 November (3.10 t/ha). It was inferred that early sowing (30 August or 15 September) resulted in lower incidence of aphids, thrips, mite and fruit borer. Such low level of insect pest caused less crop injury which resulted in enhancing the red ripe yield of chilli. So, it is suggested that for early sowing of winter chilli, the appropriate planting time may be 30 August to 15 September.

Diapause incidence and critical day length of Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) populations exhibit a latitudinal cline in both pure and hybrid strains

The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, is a serious pest and is widely distributed in corn-producing regions throughout China. This insect enters facultative diapause as fully grown larvae in response to short day lengths. Here, we evaluate the changes in diapause incidence and critical day length (CDL) by crossing a tropical strain with five subtropical and temperate strains from a 2897-km latitudinal gradient to investigate the latitudinal variations in diapause induction and CDL and their heredity. Photoperiodic responses of diapause induction in the different geographical strains at different temperatures showed that diapause incidence and CDL increased with increasing latitude and decreased with increasing temperature. Similarly, diapause incidence and CDL for the hybrid strains also showed an increase with increasing latitude or decreasing temperature. Conversely, the diapause incidences were significantly lower and the CDLs were significantly shorter in hybrid strains than their parents with high diapause incidence. Furthermore, the males had significantly more influence than the females on the incidence of diapause in subsequent progeny. Diapause incidence and CDL in O. furnacalis are strikingly different among pure strains and hybrid strains. The photoperiodic response controlling diapause is strongly heritable, with diapause being a partial dominant character over nondiapause, with the incidence of diapause mainly determined by the male parent. These results can help us to predict the time course of diapause induction in nature and may provide a genetic means for pest management by providing information on the overwintering capabilities of the hybrids.