Borderline State Research Articles

Analysis of stress factors and the level of anxiety and depression among bachelor's degree nursing students – a pilot study

Background: Nursing students are affected by stressors related to academic activities and those related to clinical activities. Aim of the study: To analyze the stressors and the level of anxiety and depression among bachelor’s degree students of nursing.Material and methods: An observational study was conducted between July 2023 to February 2024 among 167 bachelor's degree nursing students. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and self-report survey were used.Results: Respondents considered stressors related to learning theoretical subjects (M=3.85, SD=1), stressors related to learning in the practical classes lab in the Medical Simulation Center (M=3.06, SD=1.08), and stressors related to patient care to be the strongest. (M=2.91, SD=0.91) A group of 79 (47.31%) participants had a severe anxiety disorder, 56 respondents (33.53%) had a borderline state of this disorder. A group of 56 (33.53%) had a borderline state of depressive disorders and 42 (25.15%) - severe depressive disorders. The mean score for the presence of anxiety was M=10.43 (SD=3.26) and for depression was M=8.2 (SD=3.42). Conclusions: The lecturers and the decision-makers should take these results into consideration and pay special attention to the stressors that students consider to be the worst. It is recommended that positive coping strategies for stress management be reinforced and that students be encouraged to participate in programs or workshops designed to teach them effective stress management techniques. It is similarly crucial to maintain communication with students, provide them with encouragement and assistance during challenging periods within the academic and clinical settings, and acknowledge and reinforce their strengths.

DREAM MOTIF IN VLADISLAV KHODASEVICH’S POETRY COLLECTION “EUROPEAN NIGHT”

The article describes the semantic content and poetics of the dream motif present in Vladislav Khodasevich’s collection “European Night”, and we form our own concept of “inspiration”. It is shown that the dream leitmotif characterises the psychological state of the lyrical hero associated with the arrival or absence of creative inspiration. The semantics of the motif is implemented antinomically. On the one hand, the dream-inspiration saves the lyrical hero from the mundane routine. On the other hand, ordinary earthly life in some poems appears to the lyrical subject as a dream-obsession. The story of this dream-obsession gets a particularly tragic sound in the context of the collection. The expanded metaphor “European Night” in the author’s incarnation reinforces two intentions – obsession dream and salvation dream are opposed. In the lyrical space of Vladislav Khodasevich’s “European Night”, dream becomes a metaphor for a special borderline state, instilled and even “imposed” from the outside on the creator hero. According to the poet’s artistic philosophy, inspiration, being the result of the mobilisation of all word artist’s abilities, is an “otherworldly” being sent from above, leading to greater creative productivity. The “dream” motif in the contradictory context of the above-mentioned poems of “European Night” indicates the salvation function of inspiration, which allows the creator to get rid of the “earthly dream”, to spiritually “see through” and to lead people.

Features of the use of art therapy in working with members of military families

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the use of art therapy in working with members of military families. The concepts of art therapy, social adaptation, and coping resources are characterized. The concept of grief and its course during war, in particular when a loved one is lost in war, is defined. The results of an empirical study on the severity of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic growth of women who lost relatives in the war are presented. The art therapy technique "Painting grief" is characterized. The purpose of this article is to determine the possibilities of using art therapy in working with military family members. The tasks of the article are to define the concept of grief and its course during war, in particular when a loved one is lost in war; analysis of the results of an empirical study on the severity of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic growth of women who lost relatives in the war, an outline of the possibilities of implementing the art therapy technique "Painting grief". To achieve the goals of the study, we used the following methods: Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) Post-traumatic growth questionnaire (PGI). The hospital scale of anxiety and depression is designed to assess the severity of depression and anxiety in the conditions of general medical practice, contains 14 items, each of which corresponds to 4 options of answers that reflect the degree of increase in the corresponding symptomatology: normal, borderline state, moderately expressed anxiety/depression, severe form of anxiety /depression. Questionnaire of post-traumatic growth (R. Tadeshi and L. Calhoun) contains 21 statements with six possible answer options that form five scales: attitude to others, new opportunities, personal strength, spiritual changes, increased value life, as well as the general index of post-traumatic growth. According to the HADS method, subclinically expressed depression, the so-called borderline state, was detected, however, in the case of the death of a loved one in the war, relatives feel moderately expressed anxiety, while after death from diseases or simply death in civilian life, relatives note the absence of reliably expressed symptoms. Personal growth means the feeling that after a loss a person has become more merciful, tolerant towards himself and others, learned to forgive himself and the people around him, and look optimistically at the future. Although the loss of a loved one is a natural life event experienced by all people, it is also one of the most difficult experiences in a person's life. For many people, the loss of a loved one is accompanied by an intense emotional and devastating period. Experiencing the death of a loved one causes great stress both because of the loss and because of the encounter with mortality. Numerous stressors also occur when a bereaved person attends various events and services that are not normally included in the routine of daily life, including memorial services in a church. Many bereaved people find a path that leads to the restoration of a relatively normal life. However, some people do not cope effectively with loss. They experience grief very emotionally, often denying the fact of loss, trying to avoid reminders of death and helplessly focusing on the nagging waves of painful emotions. One of the effective methods of dealing with grief is art therapy.

Physiological and biochemical studies of young sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus L.) in the lower reaches of the Volga river

In conditions of a decrease in the number of rolled sturgeon larvae in the lower reaches of the Volga River, an urgent issue is the study of the physiological and biochemical parameters of the fish organism. The purpose of this work is to conduct physiological and biochemical studies of juvenile sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L, 1758). The study of fish was carried out using the methods of classical histology and biochemistry. The degree of damage to the gills and liver was assessed on a scale from 1 to 5 points. The content of total lipids and water-soluble protein in the muscle tissue of sterlet fingerlings was studied as biochemical parameters. The morphological picture of the gills of 80% of the fish corresponded to a weakly pronounced character of changes (2 points), while in others it was characterized by the presence of a borderline state between weakly pronounced changes and moderate injuries (2–3 points). Six types of disorders were found in the gills: hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium of lamellae, dilation of the blood vessel of the filament, goblet-shaped swellings of the apical part of the filament, invasions, expansion of the apical part of the lamellae, proliferation of connective tissue of lamellae. In the liver of 80% of fish, a borderline state was recorded between mild changes and moderate damage (2–3 points), in 13.3% of individuals the liver had mild damage (2 points), in 6.7% there were medium damage (3 points). Four types of disorders were found in the liver of juvenile sterlet: fullness of the liver capillaries, pronounced venous fullness, cavities, capillary dilation. In the muscle tissue of fingerlings, the concentrations of total lipids were in the range of 1.39–5.28%, and water-soluble protein — 45.59–57.97 mg/g. The study of the physiological and biochemical parameters of juvenile sturgeon in the lower reaches of the Volga River is very important for the biology of the species and monitoring the natural reproduction of these valuable fish species.

Stylistic peculiarities of Edgar Poe’s and Howard Phillips Lovecraft’s gothic novellas

The article deals with the comparative analysis of stylistic features of selected short stories (novellas) by the American writers Edgar Poe and Howard Phillips Lovecraft. Using a set of methods (theoretical analysis, holistic text analysis, stylistic analysis), relying on the creative manifestos of the two authors, as well as on the results of stylistic analysis of the corpus of short stories, the authors of the article trace the continuity and distinctive features in the work of the two writers. The obtained results allow to state the presence of similar features in the short stories of Edgar Poe and Howard Lovecraft, such as gothic chronotope, mystical and fantastic elements, common type of narrator, characterised by a borderline state, and deliberate fear-mongering. At the same time, however, the texts of both authors demonstrate specific features. Poe’s Gothic novellas are characterised by increased psychologism, which manifests itself in the prevalence of such stylistic devices as repetition, gradation, aposiopeisis, rhetorical question and exclamation, which eloquently testify to the “inner horrorˮ of the characters. The high allusiveness of Poe’s short stories testifies to the close connection of the described events with reality. The prevailing stylistic devices of Lovecraft’s novellas (epithets, personifications) testify to the author’s attempt to breathe life into inanimate objects, to extract them from non-existence, and to make the reader experience a “cosmicˮ horror of the unknown and external. The author’s complicated syntax combined with irrational enumerative rows suggests that Lovecraft’s work might be influenced by modernist aesthetics.

The Origins of Catastrophe and Our Last Mohicans. Hegumen Nikon (Vorobyov)

This article narrates the life journey, theological ideas, and pastoral practices of one of the eminent Orthodox ascetics in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church — Hegumen Nikon (Vorobyov) (1894–1963). In his youth, influenced by the spirit of the time, he was initially an atheist, fervently studied various sciences and philosophy. However, not finding what he sought in philosophy, he ardently turned to faith. In the “borderline state”, his soul experienced a somersault, and God revealed Himself to the one who sought Him with all the strength of his soul. In Minsk in 1930, Nikolai took monastic vows. He was given the name in honor of Hegumen Nikon of Radonezh, and later was ordained as a hieromonk. At that time of persecutions, this step was a true renunciation of the world and a direct path to Golgotha. In 1944, he was appointed the abbot of the Annunciation Cathedral in the city of Kozelsk. Here, he lived in an apartment held bynuns and kept a truly ascetic lifestyle. In a small room, he spent all his free time in prayer. His sermons made a strong impression on the believers, as he explained the Gospel, taught how to pray correctly, what humility and repentance meant as the foundations of spiritual life. In 1948, Father Nikon began to be driven from one parish to another: initially transferred to Belyov, then to Efremov, and further to Smolensk. His excellent sermons made many people restless, including, quite often, his fellow brethren. In 1948, from Smolensk, he was sent to the city of Gzhatsk (now Gagarin) — according to the father, in exile. Father Nikon led a strict monastic life. He had the gift of unceasing prayer, which was discovered accidentally. Hegumen Nikon’s constant readings included patristic writings, the Fathers of the Philokalia, the lives of saints, sermons, expoundings, and rarely — scientific, theological and philosophical works. Especially diligently and constantly he re-read and studied the works of St. Ignatius (Bryanchaninov), whom, being a truly spiritual father, he strongly recommended to all his spiritually close ones. The essence of his instructing was beautifully expressed in his letters, which were repeatedly published under various titles: “Repentance Is Left to Us”, “Letters on Spiritual Life”, “Give Heed to Yourself”, and others. He spoke and wrote about the essence of the Savior’s preaching, calling for spiritual and moral self-change through recognizing the damaged nature of humanity and its inability to heal itself from passions, primarily from the most foolish one — pride. Through this self-awareness, true repentance could be accomplished, turned to Christ the Savior, Who heals us.

Indicators of the functional state of the circulatory system among agricultural machine operators

Introduction. Identification of functional disorders and prenosological conditions of the circulatory system under the conditions of adverse effects of the occupational environment is a necessary link in the development of measures to prevent health disorders in workers.
 Materials and methods. The study of functional indicators of hemodynamics, endurance and efficiency, functional reserves of the circulatory system, and ECG dispersion mapping using “Cardiovisor-06s” in eighty five male tractor drivers in agricultural production (agricultural machine operators) was carried out. 
 The average age of the surveyed cases was 42.36±1.2 years, the average work experience in the occupation is 19.61±1.26 years.
 Results. Agricultural machine operators, whose working conditions are characterized by the influence of working environment factors with a prohypertensive effect, have been established to reveal changes in the indicators of the functional state of the circulatory system and a decrease in the adaptive capabilities of the body, indicating the manifestation of borderline states between the norm and pathology. Between the duration of work experience in the occupation and the level of functioning of the circulatory system, a statistically significant correlation was established (r = 0.53) According to ECG dispersion mapping, individual values of the “Myocardium” microalternation index in 14.3% of the examined cases corresponded to a borderline state close to the initial stage of probable pathology . The most pronounced changes, indicating a violation of cardiometabolic processes, were noted in workers over 40 years. The average values of the “Rhithm” index (RI), which characterizes the integral component of heart rate variability, which is a marker of the adaptive capabilities of the body, were in the range of 21–35% for all examined persons (with a normal value of 0–20%), which corresponded to an increased tension of regulatory systems or 
 a borderline state. Increased individual levels of RI were more often recorded in people over 50 years.
 Limitations on the study are determined by the area of studying the subject of research in one professional cohort of workers.
 Conclusion. Early detection of prenosological changes in systemic hemodynamics and adaptation of the circulatory system can be one of the tools to identify the risk group of workers who need to develop and implement measures to prevent diseases of the circulatory system.

A. Akhmetgalieva 's creativity in the mirror of the achievements of Russian and Tatar prose writers of the beginning of the XXI century

This article examines Tatar and Russian modern prose characterized by transitional features. The main attention is paid to the works by the Tatar writer Aigul Akhmetgalieva whose work most vividly embodies transitional phenomena in Tatar literature at the beginning of the 21st century. In particular, the authors of the article focus on her stories “Kapka” (“The Gate”), “Tan chyklaryn җil ubu” (“The Wind Kisses the Morning Dew”) and the novel “Tutash”. The purpose of the article is to review new trends in Tatar prose and identify the common features in modern Tatar and Russian literature. The motif of search in Tatar prose correlates with the existential component of consciousness in Russian culture as a whole. Both Russian and Tatar prose follow the trend of profound philosophical subtext and the introduction of new writing techniques. The analysis of Akhmetgalieva’s works has led to the conclusion that in modern Tatar prose, classical realism and avant-garde discourse, when interacting, form new methods of personal relationship with the outside world. The characters of modern writers are most often at a crossroads, in a borderline state, the latest prose reflecting the problem of the total ill-being of modern society.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Application of data mining in enterprise financial risk prediction based on genetic algorithm and linear adaptive optimization

In the construction of enterprise financial risk prediction model, the obtaining of the optimal solution has a key impact on the prediction effect of the prediction model. Exploring the optimization and improvement of the prediction model to obtain the optimal solution is an urgent problem. In this paper, based on genetic algorithm and data mining technology, a genetic algorithm model based on adaptive improvement is proposed. Through linear adaptive optimization, the optimal solution of complex problems is obtained. When estimating parameters, EM algorithm is used to estimate, so that the final effect of model fusion can reach the expectation. At the same time, it integrates data mining technology, Borderline STATE EasyEnsemble sampling method and SVM intelligent technology to build an optimized comprehensive risk early warning model, which realizes the automatic integration and prediction of financial risks. The adjusted mathematical model is better than the single technical model. This study verified that the prediction ability of the improved model for minority samples has been greatly improved. Under the new method, F1 + F2 + F3 has increased by 14.83% compared with the single F1 feature, and the prediction accuracy of most types of samples has not been reduced. The prediction effect has generally improved. Finally, according to the current situation of enterprise finance, this paper puts forward effective measures to prevent enterprise financial risks.

On the Borderline State of Mathematical Knowledge of First-Year Civil Aviation Cadets

On the Borderline State of Mathematical Knowledge of First-Year Civil Aviation Cadets

SELF-ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH AS THE EFFECT OF THREE MONTHS OF RECREATIONAL TREATMENT OF WOMEN

The primary objective of this study is to analyze the self-assessment of the mental and physical health of young women from the effects of programmed recreational activities in a three-month period. The sample is composed of 35 women (20 - 40 years old). For a sample of variables in the assessment of mental and physical health, standardized instruments were used: THE HAD scale - Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (for mental health assessment) and EQ thermometer (for physical health assessment) The results of the overall condition of all participants before the start of the experimental procedure, 24 participants had no symptoms of depression, 8 participants had a borderline condition, and 3 participants with depressive disorder. After three months of recreational treatment, 30 of the participants have no symptoms of depression, 3 participants have borderline condition and 2 participants with depressive disorder. When it comes to the self-assessment of anxiety in the initial state, it was noted that 26 participants of the experiment had no signs of anxiety, 6 participants had a borderline state of anxiety, while 3 participants had anxiety disorders, of which 2 participants slightly above the limit state and one participant with a particularly high number of points indicating a more severe state of anxiety. At the end of the experiment, 31 participants had no signs of anxiety, 4 had a borderline state and 1 person with a severe anxiety condition. Before the start of recreational activities, one participant rated their physical health as extremely poor and 3 people rated their health as poor. The largest number of participants before the experiment, 16 of them, rated their physical health slightly above average, 10 women rated their physical health as excellent and 5 women rated themselves the best imaginable physical health. After the experiment, only 4 participants estimated lower and average self-health, above average 6, 20 women claimed to have excellent health and 5 participants in the experiment claimed to be in the best physical health imaginable. Keywords: Women, recreation, self-assessment, depression, anxiety, physical health.

Time and space in Sigbjørn Obstfelder’s prose poetry

The article dwells upon the time and space in Sigbjørn Obstfelder’s prose poetry. The genre of prose poetry came to Scandinavia at the end of the 19th century, on the peak of the French symbolism popularity. The strong influence of the French symbolist Charles Baudelaire is obvious in Obstfelder’s works. The most significant feature that defines the chronotope of Obstfelder’s poems is opposition between man and nature. By a person the author means not a lyrical hero but other people, the whole society, the essence of which can be described as “the abode of many people”. “Other people” are synonymous with the concept of “city”, and this chronotope is clearly seen in many of his poems. The poet describes both nature and city in details and the chaos of the city extremely contrasts with the rich and harmonious life of nature. The opposition of harmony and chaos, sincerity and alienation is emphasized by the contrast between the sounds of nature and the city: between weeping, sobbing, screaming, roaring and the sound of drops, the rustling of leaves and the singing of birds. Despite the beauty and harmony of nature the lyrical hero still cannot exist outside the city for a long time. Perhaps he can exist only in a borderline state — between people and nature, harmony and chaos, trying to combine, unite in the mind both worlds, but staying alone in both of them. The common feature of all his prose poems is transition and border crossing and it can explain the originality of Obstfelder’s prose poems.

Comprehensive assessment of the citizen wellbeing in the territory of residence: taking into account the changing influence of indicators economic security

The article considers a generalizing characteristic of the citizen's wellbeing in the territory of residence, assesses indicators based on statistical data, and makes adjustments due to safety indicators. The author's diagnostic technique was used, which includes corrective indicators. For this purpose, the method of express diagnostics was applied, which made it possible to select the 8 most significant from 12 modules and 43 indicators of economic security. The rate of change of each of the 8 indicators was taken into account, which made it possible to determine the changes in these indicators and the predisposition to one degree or another of the socio-economic crisis. A change in the trend of an indicator can lead to the opposite effect at the expense of other main influencing indexes. This takes into account the borderline state of the indicator, namely, its rate of growth or decline and predisposition to a particular crisis zone. The turning zones of the trend of changes in indicators have been determined. The object of the research is the well-being of the individual in the territory of residence for each subject of the Ural Federal District. The authors made an attempt to consider in the analysis not just the population of the subject (the number of people), but also to assess the personality from the standpoint of moral development, the level of education, the available opportunities for spiritual development, the provision of benefits necessary to maintain life and the degree of satisfaction of the needs of the population. This will allow to carry out the current analysis of the state, but also to consider the forecast dynamics of change for the next 2 to 3 years. The results obtained can be used in the current assessment of the socio-economic situation in the regions of Russia, as well as in planning and forecasting individual indicators of individual citizen wellbeing in the territory of residence

Des mirages du désir de néant chez Samuel Beckett, du malaise adolescent aujourd’hui et du besoin de médiations thérapeutiques bien accordées

Samuel Beckett, at the start of his adult life, had all the characteristics of a psychotic withdrawal. Before Waiting for Godot, which would bring him fame, the first play he composed entirely wad called Eleutheria (“Freedom” in Greek) and describes the confinement of a teenager at his parents’ home. Perhaps because resembled too closely his own privacy, the author always refused publication and staging. “Less an action than a site, often empty”, according to the indication given in the preamble by the author, this dramaturgy obviously has substantial links to the rest of the work. We criticize that to understand this many spoke of the writing of “exhaustion” and some assumed that Beckett would have treated a psychosis, perhaps an autism, by his creativity. Understanding of his biography could point more towards the psychological profile of a borderline state with, at the same time, the threat of an overflow of excitement and the strong apprehension of the feeling of emptiness if this same excitation ceases to be felt. Above all, his writings and his life have inspired us to think about the contemporary world and review the concepts of therapeutic mediation.

Социальный портрет российского подростка в YouTubе

The article analyzes the interests of the teenage audience, which actively uses YouTube, and identifies a number of trends. Teenagers have a consumer attitude towards YouTube. Nevertheless, some persons want to show themselves and start a personal channel. Videos in the form of a blog in which the chosen idol, blogger, opinion leader shows his life in an accessible format are especially attractive to adolescents. This format does not carry a serious semantic load; the videos do not raise significant questions and problems. The second trend is the demand for gameplay playback within YouTube video content. However, a YouTube visitor often replaces independent gameplay by his own person or his hero, to indifferently watching a similar game with a player-blogger. Since teenagers are in a borderline state between childhood and the beginning of an independent adult life, there should be parental participation in their lives in the form of control over the network life of adolescents.

L’insolence de l’état-limite

ObjectivesThis article questions the way in which the “borderline” diagnosis made its way into various nosographies of the 20th and 21st centuries. MethodI examine the psychoanalytical literature from 1938 to the present day that refers to the borderline entity, in an opposition between relevance and inconsistency depending on whether one is pro- or anti-borderline. ResultsThe borderline state, whether it is a question of patients diagnosed as such or of the concept, has asserted itself in a way that I describe as insolent. These patients disturb the framework of the analytical treatment while the concept upsets the theoretical nomenclature in place (psychosis, neurosis, and perversion). Some authors hypothesize that the theorists of the borderline state are driven by the desire (conscious or unconscious) to overthrow the classical nosography and, beyond that, to tear down the foundations on which the Father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, himself relied. The pugnacity of the theorists of the borderline state would thus translate their desire to dethrone the father figure. DiscussionThe discussion focuses on the consequences of the forceful appearance of the borderline state from a clinical point of view. What might be the underlying intention of its inventor (Adolph Stern) and of the theorists who followed him in the elaboration of its organizing principles? ConclusionThe success of the concept of the borderline state is indisputable, in large part because it is a practical and easy diagnosis to make. Its spectrum, which has become extremely broad, undermines its possible clinical relevance. However, this concept has the merit of reviving research on a question that had been temporarily fallen out of fashion: the question of trauma that occurred very early in the life of subjects.

Statistical sustainability of a digital organization

An important feature of a digital organization is its ability to change rapidly. For an organization to remain capable of rapid change, it must be on the brink of resilience, since a resilient organization always resists change. The article examines the borderline state of the organization, which is on the verge of its stability and instability. In this state, the organization begins to lose predictability in the details of behavior, but still retains predictability in general. The authors called this borderline state the statistical sustainability of the organization. The phenomenon of statistical sustainability of an organization is very similar to the property of stability of the frequency of mass events and average values described in mathematical statistics by a similar term. To analyze the nature of the statistical sustainability of the organization, the authors used the ideas of strange attractors and modes with sharpening from the theory of complex systems. A strange attractor is an area of the organization’s behavior that, outside this area, is an area of stability for the organization, and inside it is an area of complete unpredictability. The theory of complex systems has shown that it is in the regions of strange attractors that the conditions for the variability of systems are created, and the theory of modes with aggravation shows the conditions under which this variability can lead to self-organization, that is, the spontaneous emergence of new structures. This article shows that systematic digitalization objectively leads to the formation of the statistical sustainability of the organization and creates the preconditions for maintaining the organization’s ability to make rapid changes. In traditional management, the statistical sustainability of an organization is viewed as a threat and a source of risk. Therefore, in the context of systematic digitalization, traditional approaches to management should be significantly refined.

Legal Practice in the Southern Leon and Castile of the 12th Century: a Borderline State

The article is devoted to the legal history of the lands of the Kingdom of Toledo in the first two hundred years after the Christian reconquest. The assimilation of the conquered lands by the new political power, preserving the border position, leads to the emergence of a special legal tradition, typical for other similar territories, which received the general name “extremadura” — “borderland”. The Fueros, created in the Kingdom of Toledo, from the very beginning, firmly linked the territorial and personal nature of the legal norms included in their texts. The formation of local legal traditions took place with the active participation of the local elite, which was reflected in the editing of Fuero texts. The inhabitants of Toledo were supposed to use the Visigothic "Liber iudiciorum" as a normative basis for legal proceedings, but at the same time maintained the legitimate possibility of resorting to norms of a different origin, the so-called “Fuero of Castilians”. The lack of a strict systematization in the legal framework of the proceedings was reflected in the organization of judicial officials in Toledo. The good preservation of the local act material allows us to consider in more detail the practical implementation of the legal norm in the process of judicial proceedings, recorded in Arabic in the protocol of the end of the 8th century.

АПОФАТИКА ТЕКСТА. СОН ТАТЬЯНЫ В РОМАНЕ А.С. ПУШКИНА «ЕВГЕНИЙ ОНЕГИН»: КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОММЕНТАРИЙ

The object of the article is apophatics as a phenomenon of artistic culture. The subject is the national topic in A.S. Pushkin’s works. The material for the article is the novel “Eugene Onegin”. The fifth chapter of the novel, namely Tatyana’s dream, is in the center of the hermeneutic reconstruction. Much attention is paid to the Russian folklore tradition in the novel, which is expressed both explicitly and implicitly. The research methodology is reduced to a holistic ontohermeneutical analysis aimed at highlighting the folkloric, ethnographic paradigm of this literary text, which allows addressing the issues of the creative process itself ontologically, digging into the understanding of the phenomenon of Pushkin’s “magic crystal”. Much attention is paid to the dream as a borderline state, which is equated with death. Parallels are drawn with the Russian fairy tale and folkloric account. Tatyana has semiotic thinking, and this must be taken into account by a researcher analyzing the oneiric space of "Eugene Onegin". The research results are to identify the cultural potential of the work for further study of the national topic, national existence and otherness, apophatics as a phenomenon of Russian culture associated with the phenomenon of death. The research results can also be used in teaching courses on Russian literature of the 19th century, cultural studies, philosophy.

К вопросу о художественной ценности авторских копий наивных художников: Нина Варфоломеева

Nina Varfolomeeva is one of the most famous Russian amateur artists, her name was included in the World Encyclopedia of Naive Art, her works are in public and private collections. Her work is limited to 20 repetitive subjects, and her example allows us to talk about a fairly common phenomenon in artistic primitive. The concept of “originality of a work” is of value for author’s creativity, however, in naive art, author’s self-repetition is not uncommon — there may be three or four copies of one work, which does not affect their value in the art market. Naive art has such a feature due to its borderline state between “high” and folk art, in which there are no concepts of “original” and “copy”. The artist’s painting style differs in the early and late periods, which also speaks of another feature of some naive artists — the transition from an amateur painting style to a popular print. It should be assumed that this is a direct consequence of the success of the artist’s works in the art market and the increase in the number of works created. The article proves that the simplification of the artistic language of Varfolomeeva’s later works is a transition to decorativeness, characteristic of folk art.