The article is devoted to the study and comparative analysis of value priorities of Russian and Mongolian students in conditions of transitability. Conducted on the basis of cross-cultural approach the research allowed to reveal common goals, motivation and values of students of the Russian Federation (on the example of Transbaikalia) and Mongolia that reflects unity of human community. The study involved 187 students (including 87 Mongolian and 100 Russian students) studying in different courses of higher education institutions. The average age of the subjects is 20.5 years. To diagnose the specificity of values and meaningful orientations of Mongolian and Russian students, the test of meaningful orientations and "Values Questionnaire" by Schwartz were used. The analysis of results of descriptive statistics allowed to find out similarity in hierarchy of value orientations of the Russian and Mongolian students. Despite the transitory nature of society, most students believe that they are able to build their lives in accordance with their goals and ideas about its meaning. The values of achieving personal success, security and stability of the society, and independence are recognized as priorities. Similarity in value hierarchies among Russian and Mongolian students is observed in the meaning of values "national security", "world peace", "family security", "meaning of life". At the same time, distinctions in value hierarchies are revealed: the first place in importance among Russian students is occupied by values "social order", and among Mongolian students — "social justice". The similarity of meaningful orientations and value priorities is explained by the peculiarities of economic development of border regions of Russia and Mongolia. In addition, the globalizing world has resulted in the complex interaction of civilizations, mutual exchange and integration of values.