Bootstrap Method Research Articles

일개 간호대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 대학생활 적응의 관계: 간호 전문직 자부심의 매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the role of nursing professional pride as a mediating factor between perceived stress and college life adjustment among nursing students. Methods Employing a descriptive correlation design, the study engaged 146 nursing students from a universitiy in I city. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure perceived stress, college life adjustment, and nursing professional pride. Analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 and the mediating effects were verified through the bootstrapping method by using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results The mean scores of perceived stress and nursing professional pride were 2.10±0.63, 3.92±0.51, and college of life adjustment was 3.44±0.54 respectively. Perceived stress had a direct effect on college life adjustment (B=-.36, p<.001) and nursing professional pride(B=-.21, p<.001). Also, nursing professional pride had a direct effect on college life adjustment (B=.45, p<.001). Furthermore, perceived stress had an indirect effect on college life adjustment through nursing professional pride (B=-.09, p<.001). Nursing professional pride had a mediating effect on the relationship between perceived stress and college life adjustment of nursing students. Conclusions These results suggests that educationl programs and clinical training programs which consider the level of perceived stress and nursing professional pride are essential to improve the college life adjustment among nursing students.

노인의 사회적 자본이 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향 : 정보기술수용의 매개효과를 중심으로

This study analyzes the impact of social capital on life satisfaction among the elderly in Korea and empirically verifies the mediating effect of information technology(IT) acceptance in the relationship between social capital and life satisfaction. The analysis utilized data from the 2022 Digital Divide Survey conducted by the National Information Society Agency(NIA), focusing on individuals aged 65 and older. The mediation effect analysis was conducted using bootstrapping methods with IBM SPSS 24.0 and Hayes'(2018) SPSS Process Macro. The results revealed several key findings. First, higher levels of social capital among the elderly were associated with increased life satisfaction. Second, social capital was positively correlated with IT acceptance. Third, the mediating effect of IT acceptance in the relationship between social capital and life satisfaction was statistically significant. These findings suggest that to enhance life satisfaction among the elderly, it is essential to implement policies that not only increase social capital but also improve IT acceptance. In Korea, where the aging population is growing rapidly, the results indicate that policies focused on IT education and accessibility for the elderly can significantly improve their quality of life.

대학생의 우울이 스마트폰 중독 경향성에 미치는 영향: 회피/분산적 정서조절양식과 학업지연행동의 이중매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the dual mediating effects of avoidant/distractive emotion regulation styles and academic procrastination in the relationship between depression and smartphone addiction tendency among university students. Methods A total of 474 undergraduate students aged 18 and older nationwide were analyzed. They completed a survey that included the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (K-CES-D), the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), the Aitken Procrastination Inventory (API), and the Smartphone Addiction Self-Diagnosis Scale (S-Scale). The mediating effects were analyzed using Model 6 of the SPSS PROCESS macro and the bootstrapping method to test for statistical significance. Results First, there were significant positive correlations among all variables. Second, a significant double mediating effect of avoidant/distractive emotion regulation style and academic procrastination in the relationship between depression and smartphone addiction tendency. Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, it is proposed that university students who experience depression may engage in attempts to avoid or distract themselves from distressing emotions, which in turn influences academic procrastination. As a form of alternative behavior to procrastination, students may resort to using smartphones, which are highly accessible. This increased smartphone use may lead to reinforcement of the behavior, potentially resulting in a higher tendency toward smartphone addiction. Furthermore, this study suggests that interventions aimed at reducing and preventing smartphone addiction among university students should consider the interconnected roles of depression, avoidant/distractive emotion regulation, and academic procrastination.

Development of scales to measure class participation motivation and class satisfaction, and goal orientation of physical education major university students and analysis of relationships : Verification of mediating effects utilizing Bootstrapping method

Development of scales to measure class participation motivation and class satisfaction, and goal orientation of physical education major university students and analysis of relationships : Verification of mediating effects utilizing Bootstrapping method

A chain mediation model reveals the association between depression and cognitive function in the elderly

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between depression, cognitive function, social activities and activities of daily living ( ADL ), and verify whether social activities and ADL have a chain mediating effect between depression and cognitive function. Using the data of the fourth phase of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( CHARLS ), 7547 elderly samples were studied. Correlation analysis and Bootstrap method were used to analyze the data to test whether social activities and ADL played a chain mediating role between depression and cognitive function in the elderly. In this study, the direct effect of depression on the cognitive function of the elderly accounted for 36.85% of the total effect. The indirect effects of social activities and ADL on depression and cognitive function of the elderly accounted for 15.99% and 44.64% of the total effects, respectively. At the same time, the chain mediating effect of social activities and ADL was significant, accounting for 2.44% of the total effect. The effect of depression on the cognitive function of the elderly is achieved through social activities, ADL and the chain mediating effect of social activities and ADL.

The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) predicts survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy and the construction of a nomogram model.

Inflammation and immune evasion are associated with tumorigenesis and progression. The Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) has been proposed as a pre-treatment peripheral blood biomarker. This study aims to compare the relationship between SIRI, various serum biomarkers, and the prognosis of NSCLC patients before and after treatment. A retrospective study was conducted on advanced NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1 drugs from December 2018 to September 2021. Peripheral blood markers were measured pre- and post-treatment, and hazard ratios were calculated to assess the association between serum biomarkers and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were employed for survival analysis. A nomogram model was built based on multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using the R survival package, with internal validation via the bootstrap method (1,000 resamples). Predictive performance was expressed using the concordance index (C-index), and calibration plots illustrated predictive accuracy.The application value of the model was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA). Among 148 advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors, the median PFS was 12.9 months (range: 5.4-29.2 months), and the median OS was 19.9 months (range: 9.6-35.2 months). Univariate analysis identified pre- and post-treatment SIRI, mGRIm-Score, and PNI as independent prognostic factors for both PFS and OS (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high post-SIRI and post-mGRIm-Score independently predicted poor PFS (P < 0.001, P = 0.004) and OS (P = 0.048, P = 0.001). The C-index of the nomogram model for OS was 0.720 (95% CI: 0.693-0.747) and for PFS was 0.715 (95% CI: 0.690-0.740). Internal validation via bootstrap resampling (B = 1,000) showed good agreement between predicted and observed OS and PFS at 1, 2, and 3 years, as depicted by calibration plots. SIRI is an important independent predictor of early progression in advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors and may assist in identifying patients who will benefit from PD-1 inhibitors therapy in routine clinical practice.

HUBUNGAN EMPATI DENGAN KESETIAAN JAMAAH MASJID ATM DI MELAKA MELALUI KEPUASAN SEBAGAI PEMBOLEH UBAH MENCELAH

This study aims to examine the relationship between empathy and the loyalty of congregants at the Military Mosque managed by KAGAT in Melaka, with satisfaction as a mediating variable, within the context of the quality of mosque services. The research employs a quantitative approach, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 400 congregants. The methodology used includes factor validation analysis and hypothesis testing through the bootstrapping method using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The study's findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between empathy and loyalty, as well as satisfaction among the congregants. This research contributes to understanding how empathy in service delivery can enhance satisfaction and foster higher levels of loyalty among congregants at the Military Mosque in Melaka.

Bootstrap Methods for Estimating the Confidence Interval for the Parameter of Zero-Truncated Poisson-Garima Distribution and Their Application

The zero-truncated count data are of primary interest in several areas such as biological science, medical science, demography, ecology, etc. Recently, the zero-truncated Poisson-Garima distribution has been proposed for such data. However, the confidence interval of its parameter has not yet been examined. In this paper, confidence interval estimation based on percentile, simple, biased-corrected and accelerated bootstrap methods, as well as the bootstrap-t interval, was examined in terms of coverage probability and average length via Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that attaining the nominal confidence level using the bootstrap methods was not possible for small sample sizes regardless of the other settings. Moreover, when the sample size was large, the performances of the methods were not substantially different. Overall, it is observed that the bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap methods outperformed the others, even for small sample sizes. Lastly, the bootstrap methods were used to calculate the confidence interval for the zero-truncated Poisson-Garima parameter via two numerical examples, the results of which match those from the simulation study.

How Does Digital Integration Influence the Mental Health of Low-Income Populations?

Background: In recent years, the growing prevalence of digital technology has transformed every aspect of life, including mental health care and support. Digital integration—referring to both access to digital technology and the utilization of digital tools in daily life—has the potential to alleviate existing health inequalities, a phenomenon that has been labeled the ‘digital divide’. It is, therefore, imperative to gain an understanding of the mental health dynamics of vulnerable groups in the context of the digital age if we are to develop effective policies and interventions. Objectives: The present study aimed to expand the existing knowledge base on the impact of digital integration on the mental health of low-income populations, with a specific focus on its association with social participation and the contextual variations observed between urban and rural settings. Methods: A total of 930 Chinese urban and rural low-income residents (≥18 years old) were included in the study using data from the Comprehensive Social Survey of Urban and Rural Low-Income Populations in Hubei Province, China, 2022. Multiple linear regression, generalized propensity score matching, causal step regression, and bootstrap methods were adopted to assess the direct impact of digital integration on the mental health of low-income populations, as well as to test the mediating role of social participation. Results: Digital integration was positively associated with the mental health of low-income populations, particularly reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among low-income individuals, which remains robust even after accounting for potential selective bias. Social participation played a significant mediating role in the relationship between digital integration and the mental health of low-income populations. Heterogeneity analyses indicated that while digital integration has been demonstrated to markedly enhance mental health outcomes among urban low-income groups, this effect has not been observed in rural low-income populations. Conclusions: The present study contributes to the growing understanding of digital integration as a pathway to reducing mental health inequalities. It is imperative that targeted interventions be implemented to enhance digital integration and, in turn, improve mental health outcomes in low-income communities, particularly in rural areas, where the impact is less discernible.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEISURE ATTITUDE AND HAPPINESS: THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF RECREATIONAL FLOW EXPERIENCE

With technological advancements reducing workload, individuals have increasingly sought to spend their leisure time more efficiently and meaningfully. This trend has fostered a growing positive attitude toward recreational activities. Individuals who approach recreational events with a positive mindset are more likely to experience a state of flow during these activities. The flow experience contributes to individuals' physical, mental, and social well-being by generating positive outcomes. In this context, the study examines the relationship between leisure attitude and happiness among participants in nature sports, with flow experience identified as a mediating variable in this relationship. The research was conducted using a correlational survey model, involving 246 voluntary participants aged 18–74 (Meanage = 31.15 ± 11.93) selected through purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, applying Pearson correlation analysis to examine the relationships between variables, and regression analysis based on the Bootstrap method through the PROCESS macro. Hayes’ (2013) PROCESS Macro Model 4 was used to assess the mediating effect. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between leisure attitude and happiness, with flow experience serving as a mediator in this relationship. These results indicate that individuals' attitudes toward leisure activities significantly influence their happiness and that the flow experience enhances this effect.

Impact of Supervisory Support on Turnover Intention: Self-efficacy and Work Engagement

This study focuses on reducing attrition intention by enhancing employee engagement with work, with self-efficacy acting as a moderating factor. The study investigates the role of self-efficacy, a personal resource, as a moderator between job resources and turnover intention through the mediating role of work engagement. Using the convenience sampling technique, data were collected from 307 employees working in different private and public sector banks in Lahore, Pakistan. The moderated mediation model with the bootstrap method was used to test the hypotheses. The study’s empirical results have revealed that self-efficacy moderates the path of mediating the relationship of work engagement between supervisory support and turnover intention. This study is the first attempt to empirically investigate the moderated mediation model of self-efficacy between supervisory support and work engagement with the purpose of decreasing turnover intention among banking sector employees in Lahore, Pakistan.

The mediating role of medical coping modes between stigma and quality of life in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundStigma has been identified as a significant factor impacting the health of lung cancer patients. However, the relationship between stigma, medical coping modes, and quality of life (QoL) has not been thoroughly examined.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the associations between stigma, medical coping modes, and QoL in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery.MethodsA total of 304 surgical patients participated in an online survey, which included sociodemographic data, the Lung Cancer Stigma Scale, the Medical Coping Modes Scale, and the Quality of Life Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0, and structural equation models were constructed using AMOS 24.0. The Bootstrap method was employed to test the mediating hypotheses.ResultsThe mean QoL score was 150.53 ± 15.54, showing significant associations with medical coping modes and stigma. Stigma was negatively correlated with QoL (r = -0.668, p < 0.01). Confrontation was positively associated with QoL (r = 0.339, p < 0.01), while resignation and avoidance were negatively correlated with QoL (r = -0.584, r = -0.500, p < 0.01). Stigma’s effect on QoL was partially mediated by confrontation, resignation, and avoidance, with effect sizes of -0.051, -0.190, and − 0.098, respectively, accounting for 35.1% of the total effect.ConclusionPreoperative NSCLC patients in China experience moderate stigma, which detrimentally affects their QoL. Confrontation, resignation, and avoidance play mediating roles in this relationship. These findings offer new perspectives for developing interventions to improve QoL by addressing stigma and coping strategies.

Serotonin enhances neurogenesis biomarkers, hippocampal volumes, and cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease

Research on serotonin reveals a lack of consensus regarding its role in brain volume, especially concerning biomarkers linked to neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, such as ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF-4), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6), and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate the influence of serotonin on brain structure and hippocampal volumes in relation to cognitive functions in AD, as well as its link with biomarkers like CNTF, FGF-4, BMP-6, and MMP-1. Data from 133 ADNI participants with AD included cognitive assessments (CDR-SB), serotonin measurements (Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit, UPLC-MS/MS), and neurotrophic factors quantified via multiplex proteomics. Gray matter volume changes were analyzed using Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) with MRI. Statistical analyses employed Pearson correlation, bootstrap methods, and FDR-adjusted p-values (< 0.05 or < 0.01) via the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure, alongside nonparametric methods. The analysis found a positive correlation between serotonin levels and total brain (r = 0.229, p = 0.023) and hippocampal volumes (right: r = 0.186, p = 0.032; left: r = 0.210, p = 0.023), even after FDR adjustment. Higher serotonin levels were linked to better cognitive function (negative correlation with CDR-SB, r = −0.230, p = 0.024). Notably, serotonin levels were positively correlated with BMP-6 (r = 0.173, p = 0.047), CNTF (r = 0.216, p = 0.013), FGF-4 (r = 0.176, p = 0.043), and MMP-1 (r = 0.202, p = 0.019), suggesting a link between serotonin and neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. However, after adjusting for multiple comparisons and controlling for confounding factors such as age, gender, education, and APOE genotypes (APOE3 and APOE4), none of the correlations of biomarkers remained statistically significant. In conclusion, increased serotonin levels are associated with improved cognitive function and increased brain volume. However, associations with CNTF, FGF-4, BMP-6, and MMP-1 were not statistically significant after adjustments, highlighting the complexity of serotonin’s role in AD and the need for further research.Graphical

Development, validation and recalibration of a prediction model for prediabetes: an EHR and NHANES-based study

BackgroundA prediction model that estimates the risk of elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was developed from electronic health record (EHR) data to identify adult patients at risk for prediabetes who may otherwise go undetected. We aimed to assess the internal performance of a new penalized regression model using the same EHR data and compare it to the previously developed stepdown approximation for predicting HbA1c ≥ 5.7%, the cut-off for prediabetes. Additionally, we sought to externally validate and recalibrate the approximation model using 2017–2020 pre-pandemic National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.MethodsWe developed logistic regression models using EHR data through two approaches: the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and stepdown approximation. Internal validation was performed using the bootstrap method, with internal performance evaluated by the Brier score, C-statistic, calibration intercept and slope, and the integrated calibration index. We externally validated the approximation model by applying original model coefficients to NHANES, and we examined the approximation model’s performance after recalibration in NHANES.ResultsThe EHR cohort included 22,635 patients, with 26% identified as having prediabetes. Both the LASSO and approximation models demonstrated similar discrimination in the EHR cohort, with optimism-corrected C-statistics of 0.760 and 0.763, respectively. The LASSO model included 23 predictor variables, while the approximation model contained 8. Among the 2,348 NHANES participants who met the inclusion criteria, 30.1% had prediabetes. External validation of the LASSO model was not possible due to the unavailability of some predictor variables. The approximation model discriminated well in the NHANES dataset, achieving a C-statistic of 0.787.ConclusionThe approximation method demonstrated comparable performance to LASSO in the EHR development cohort, making it a viable option for healthcare organizations with limited resources to collect a comprehensive set of candidate predictor variables. NHANES data may be suitable for externally validating a clinical prediction model developed with EHR data to assess generalizability to a nationally representative sample, depending on the model’s intended use and the alignment of predictor variable definitions with those used in the model’s original development.

Relationship between burnout and turnover intention among nurses: a network analysis

BackgroundNurse burnout and turnover intention significantly impact global healthcare systems, especially intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs network analysis to explore these phenomena, providing insights into the interdependencies and potential intervention points within the constructs of burnout and turnover intention among nurses.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 560 nurses from three tertiary hospitals in Hangzhou, China. Data were collected via online questionnaires, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and the Turnover Intention Questionnaire (TIQ). Network analysis was performed using Gaussian graphical models to construct the network model and calculate related metrics.ResultsThe network analysis revealed that items related to personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion were central, indicating significant roles in influencing nurses’ turnover intentions. Specifically, perceived meaningful work and self-efficacy emerged as pivotal nodes, suggesting that enhancing these can mitigate turnover intentions. The network’s stability and accuracy were confirmed through bootstrapping methods, emphasizing the robustness of the findings.ConclusionThe study underscores the importance of addressing nurse burnout by focusing on core elements like personal accomplishment and self-efficacy to reduce turnover intentions. These insights facilitate targeted interventions that could improve nurse retention and stability within healthcare systems. Future research should expand to multi-center studies to enhance the generalizability of these findings.

The mediating role of rumination in the relationship between insomnia and non-suicidal self-injury of college students.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a high-risk factor for suicide, which is widespread among college students and is closely associated with psychological issues. Insomnia tends to cause mental instability, and chronic insomnia can trigger severe mood swings, including anxiety, depression, and irritability. It can also lead to memory loss and metabolic disorders. College students are in a critical period of self-development, with significant vulnerability to insomnia and NSSI. This study investigated the influence of insomnia on NSSI among college students and examined the significance of rumination as a mediating factor. Using random cluster sampling, we selected 667 college students from Jiangsu, China, and evaluated them using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Adolescent Self-Injury Scale (ASIS), and Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS). The significance of the mediating effect of rumination on the relationship between insomnia and NSSI among college students was tested using Bootstrap methods. The fact that the students were only children was statistically significant for rumination scores (p < 0.05). The results showed a significant positive correlation among insomnia, NSSI, and rumination (r = 0.198, 0.737, 0.243, respectively; p < 0.001). Insomnia of college students affects NSSI directly and indirectly through rumination. Rumination fully mediated the relationship between insomnia and NSSI among college students, indicating an indirect influence of insomnia on NSSI. Total effect value is 0.192. Rumination plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between insomnia and NSSI among college students, with a mediating effect of 84.21%.

Inferences about quantile correlations

There are three approaches to measuring the strength of an association when using a quantile regression estimator. Currently, there are no simulation results on methods aimed at making inferences about these analogs of Pearson’s correlation. Here, several bootstrap methods were examined. Based on extensive simulations, their relative merits depend on which measure of association is used. Guidelines are suggested on how to proceed and the practical value of the more successful methods are illustrated using data dealing with the wellbeing of older adults.

중국 대학생의 대학 교육서비스질, 학생만족도, 학교신뢰 및 학생충성도 간의 구조적 관계

Objectives This study aims to determine the structural relationships between the educational service quality, student satisfaction, school trust, and student loyalty among Chinese university students. Methods Therefore, from January 12 to February 1, 2024, a mobile phone questionnaire survey was conducted among 608 sophomores, juniors and seniors in 37 four-year universities in Jilin Province, China. To test the hypotheses about the relationships between latent variables, a structural equation model analysis was conducted, and the Bootstrap method was used to verify the mediating effects. Results First, educational service quality has a positively affects student satisfaction and school trust, but it does not directly affect student loyalty. Second, student satisfaction positively affects both school trust and student loyalty. Third, school trust positively affects student loyalty. Fourth, student satisfaction has a positive mediating role between educational services quality and student trust. Fifth, student satisfaction has a positive mediating role between educational services quality and student loyalty. Sixth, student trust in the university serves as a positive mediator between educational services quality and student loyalty. Seventh, the impact of the educational services quality on student satisfaction is the greatest, followed by school trust. Student satisfaction has the greatest impact on student loyalty, followed by school trust. Eighth, the educational services quality does not directly affect student loyalty but has an indirect impact through the mediating variables of student satisfaction and school trust, with the student satisfaction -&gt; school trust path being the most critical mediating path. The educational services quality, including indirect effects through student satisfaction and school trust, determines approximately 69% of student loyalty. Conclusions Student satisfaction and school trust are the variables that have a positive impact on student loyalty directly, while educational service quality is the indirect variable. Educational service quality can directly improve school satisfaction and school trust, so in order to improve school loyalty, educational service quality must be improved. From this point of view, the quality of educational services is the most important variable among the three variables. As a means of development, universities should first improve the quality of educational services if they want to increase the loyalty of students. Therefore, universities need to find out what problems exist in major aspects of education such as teachers, environment, curriculum, administration, and welfare, which determine the quality of educational services, and improve them. At the same time, it is necessary to identify the factors that can directly improve student satisfaction, school trust, and student loyalty, and strive to directly improve them.

중국 대학생의 셀프리더십과 학습몰입의 관계에서 긍정적 심리자본의 매개효과

Objectives This study was to determine whether positive psychological capital plays a mediating role when self-leadership perceived by Chinese university students influences learning engagement. Methods The research object is four-year male and female university students in China, and 382 students from Yanbian University in northeast China, Shandong University in north China and Sichuan University in southwest China are analyzed. The survey was conducted by using the mobile phone questionnaire survey App, and the survey time was from August 26 to November 15, 2022. The structural equation model is analyzed and the media effect is verified by bootstrap method. Results First, self-leadership had a direct positive effect on positive psychological capital. Second, positive psychological capital had a direct positive effect on learning engagement. Third, between selfleadership and learning engagement, positive psychological capital plays a complete media effect. Conclusions In the relationship between self-leadership, positive psychological capital, and learning engagement, positive psychological capital plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between self-leadership and learning engagement.

보육교사의 감정노동, 교사-영유아 상호작용 간의 구조적 관계: 보육교사의 행복감 매개효과를 중심으로

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship between childcare teachers’ emotional labor and happiness and teacher-child interaction, and to verify the mediating effect of happiness. Methods The subject of the study was 702 teachers working at childcare centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon. The data collected through the survey were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs to analyze the structural relationship between variables, and the significance of the mediating effect was verified using the bootstrap method. Results As a result of the analysis, it was found that there is a positive correlation between the teachers’ emotional labor, the feeling of happiness, and the teacher-child interaction and that the teachers’ emotional labor affects the teacher-child interaction and the sense of happiness. Happiness was also shown to influence teacher-child interaction. In addition, it was confirmed that happiness positively mediates the teachers' emotional labor and teacher-child interaction. Conclusions These results demonstrate the structural relationship and the mediating effect between the teachers’ emotional labor and teacher-child interaction provide basic data for the preparation of measures to prevent and control the teachers’ emotional labor in order to enhance teacher-child interaction, and suggest the need to improve their happiness and promote positive interaction between teachers and children.