French Books Research Articles

The French-language translated book of Russia of the second third of the 18th century: features of the repertoire and importance for book culture

Importance. The beginning of the process of interaction between Russian and French book cultures was laid by the era of the Europeanisation of Peter I. The Russian autocrat tirelessly sought to bring his country among the leading countries of the world, to smooth out the difference between Russia and the West. The nobility, the most educated stratum of society at that time, was to become the main conductor of the reformer’s advanced aspirations. The aim of the research is to study the significance for the Russian book culture of the French–language translated book of the second third of the 18th century.Materials and Methods. The comparative historical method makes it possible to establish the correlation of the role of French literature in the distribution of printed materials in the Russian Empire. The use of the comparative analysis method, which made it possible to comprehensively study the role of foreign literature in the bookselling process in the Russian Empire of the 18th century, plays an important role in the study.Results and Discussion. The inclusion of a work in the publishing list was conditioned by the community demand, which allows us to speak about the development of the book culture of Russia in the second quarter of the 18th century. In order to capture readers’ mood better, the specialists of the Academy of Sciences found out the specialists’ opinion about publications.Conclusion. By the middle of the 18th century, the Academy of Sciences had prepared translations of valuable treatises on history, literature, mathematics, psychology and pedagogy, enriching Russian book culture with advanced European bestsellers. This period of the Academy’s activity should be regarded as a new stage in the development of book printing in Russia, which created significant prerequisites for the rapid rise of interest in French culture in the second half of the 18th century.

Using Library activities to develop teaching-learning French at Faculty of Education at the Francophone Center, National University of Lao

This research report combines two objectives 1). to study additional activities outside the classroom to improve the learning of French in the first year of the French license at the Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Education National University of Lao, and 2). to study the satisfaction of the students with the activities. In addition, these activities are intended to allow students to usefully occupy their free time and to promote the practice of language skills and group work. The target group of the research is students from 1st to 3rd year, with a total of 40 people, 28 women. They have an intermediate level of French and they all need to participate in the activity. The research tool was a questionnaire based on the 5-level Likert rating scale. The statistics used to describe the search results are frequency, percentage, and average. The activities in which most students participate with interest are “talking with French people” and “searching for documents,” so the research group can say that both activities are very interesting (F = 97.5% and F = 100%). The research group can therefore say that both activities are very interesting (F = 97.5% and F = 100%). In addition, the research group found that the level of satisfaction is very high in terms of reading French books (58%), in terms of watching films French 67%, in terms of conversation with French speakers (52.5%), in terms of listening to French music 50%, in terms of computer learning (50%) and in terms of finding passages (50%). Furthermore, students develop and strengthen their knowledge of France. Students can also practice communication and have the courage to express themselves in French. Therefore, teachers must also teach French culture because it is very necessary that students know well. Thus, the research group can conclude that these activities outside the classroom contribute to stimulating students' desire to learn French. The various activities were achievement for the goal setting due to the activities management was increased students’ interest in learning French while teachers’ teaching.

"The Coming of the Book" Lucien Febvre's and Henri-Jean Martin's: the French book history in the 20th and at the beginning of the Early 21st centuries

The article presents the history of the creation of the French monograph L’apparition du livre ("The Coming of the Book", 1958), which has not been translated into Russian. The research traced the paths of its authors – French scholars L. Febvre, an innovator of historical science in the 20th century, and A.-J. Martin, the founder of the French school of book history. The role of the ideas and results of French book historians for the further development of Western book science in the end of the last century and in the early of the 21st century is outlined. The purpose of the article is to provide an analysis of this work, emphasizing its impact for the formation of the social history of the book. This article considered the importance and prospects for including this fundamental and already classic work in the research field of present-day Russian book studies as well as in educational practices.

Reading Harry Potter in French: Using Regression to Evaluate Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning by an Old Guy

In this article, a self-described ‘old’ person discusses a self-experiment he conducte, where he explores his ability to learn a new language by reading the Harry Potter books in French. Learning to speak, and mastering an accent, can be more difficult than learning to read. However, recent literature suggests that older language learning can be achieved by many, even in some cases with high proficiency, given appropriate motivation and reasonable cognitive functioning.

Hypersensitive, Anxious, and Creative? Representations of Gifted Children in French Children’s Literature

In France, many social representations refer to gifted children who describe them as hypersensitive, curious, and creative. Although sometimes inaccurate, these representations can be conveyed in media intended for children and contribute to an erroneous transmission of characteristics of children with particularities. The objective of this study was to identify the social representations of gifted characters in French children’s literature. For this, we used a coding grid to analyze a corpus of 23 French books. The grid was designed based in the emotional and creative characteristics and their associated behaviors. Results showed that the representations of the gifted characters in the books studied were stereotypical, particularly in terms of their emotional characteristics. Applications and perspectives for future studies are discussed.

PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR BAHASA PRANCIS TINGKAT A1 BIDANG RESTORAN DAN DAPUR DI POLTEKPAR LOMBOK

Language is a verbal communication tool used by humans to convey ideas and desires. There are four language skills, they are (1) listening, (2) speaking, (3) reading, and (4) writing. French terminology is widely used in tourism and hospitality, especially in the areas of restaurants and kitchens. Examples: à la carte (single menu), gueridon service (chef serving guests cooking in front of guests using a pushcart), banquet, croissant (typical French bread shaped like a crescent moon), baguette (typical French bread shaped like a stick), chef (head cook), and so on. Until this date, France is the ancestor and is famous for its culinary centres and restaurants. A significant problem that needs to be addressed regarding French learning at Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok is the unavailability of A1 level French textbooks on restaurant and kitchen. The French books that are available are general French, while a French textbook specifically for restaurants and kitchens is highly needed. The methodology used in this study is Research and Development (R&D). In the 2022 research, the author has conducted research on analyzing the need for textbooks to be developed. The author analyzed the needs by interviewing four sources, including: students at the Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok, Food and Culinary Arts study program, French lecturers at Universitas Negeri Medan and at Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Pariwisata (PTNP) of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy/Barekraf, and hotel industry based adjunct lecturers at Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok. The author's 2023 research focuses on developing A1 level French textbooks based on the need analysis from the four sources. The data obtained from developing textbooks is in the form of material that can be directly applied in restaurants and in the Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok practical kitchen. The textbook contains simple conversations supported by colorful pictures, YouTube links to watch videos or audio, and four basic language skills and vocabulary practice. The textbook has also been assessed by expert validators from lecturers who teach French in hotels and restaurants. The conclusion of the research and development of A1 level French textbooks on restaurant and kitchen at Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok is that the textbook can be used in two study programs, namely the Food Management and Culinary Arts study programs at Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok

Exploring Cross-Cultural Representations: French Children's Literature and Australian Indigenous Culture

Duncan’s article complements the work of Castejon with its analysis of the representation of Aboriginal art and culture in a selection of French books for children which often still reinforce colonial stereotypes.

Discernment2 and Discernment1: does historical politeness need another binary?

Abstract Historical politeness scholars use Discernment as a second-order metaterm for compulsory social behaviour that is scripted according to circumstances and rank difference. However, in Renaissance courtesy books the Italian verb discernere ‘to discern’ has a first-order meaning: to individually work out appropriate behaviour when the fit of rules to circumstances is unclear. Discernment1 and Discernment2 appear to contradict each other. This paper addresses a theory gap: a theory of Discernment2 must unravel the link with Discernment1, given that Discernment1 functions as a metaterm in prescriptive politeness sources from a historical period for which scholars believe social practices are determined by Discernment2. Using a self-built corpus of ca. one hundred nineteenth-century etiquette books in US-UK English, French, Italian and Dutch, I conduct a semantic analysis of discern* (92 hits) and its collocate “tact”, tact, tatto, takt (575 hits), which point to a practical type of reasoning, to carry out a careful assessment of the unique and complex situation at hand before deciding on a course of action. However detailed etiquette scripts are, discernment (tact) is needed to process the complexity of real-life circumstances. Hence, Discernment1 and 2 appear complementary.

НЕИЗВЕСТНАЯ СКАЗКА К. И. ЧУКОВСКОГО: «ПРИКЛЮЧЕНИЯ БАБАРА» И «БАБАР И СЕЛЕСТА В МОСКВЕ»

The article analyzes materials found in the Korney Chukovsky’s archive in the Russian State Library. The texts presented in the article were depicted by Chukovsky as “based on the drawings and French text by Jean de Brunoff” that means — The Travels of Babar (1932) by the French writer and artist Jean de Brunoff. The Russian translation is entitled The Adventures of Babar. The supplement to the article presents different versions of the translation found in the archive, which reflect Chukovsky’s edits, as well as texts written by Chukovsky as the continuation of the original plot — The Adventures of Babar and Celeste. Part two. Babar and Celeste in Moscow. These texts have never been published before. Their textual analysis makes it possible to depict The Adventures of Babar as a retelling, and the sequel episode Babar and Celeste in Moscow could be considered as an original story that has no French analogue. An attempt has been made to find out the dates when Chukovsky worked on the texts and to describe the specifics of editorial changes. The first version of The Adventures of Babar, which consisted of two parts, judging by the documents found, dates back to 1946–1948 and was intended for publication as a calendar with illustrations by famous animator and artist Mstislav Pashchenko. The second version of The Adventures of Babar was made with the aim of possible publication in the illustrated children’s periodical Funny Pictures in 1957. Work on this text was presumably continued at the very beginning of the 1960s, the purpose of the third revision is unknown. Korney Chukovsky didn’t include The Adventure of Babar and Celeste in Moscow in the second and third versions. Analysis of various versions of The Adventures of Babar allows us to judge that Chukovsky has significantly revised and expanded de Brunoff’s original. This could partly be due to the fact that the Russian edition was not supposed to use original illustrations from the French book and in that case the visual narrative needed to be retold in the Russian text. We could also assume that Chukovsky set a goal to adapt the text for the young Russian readers through significant domestication: for example, introducing Russian names — Aibolit, Barmaley, as well as transferring part of the story to Moscow.

A History of Biology

A History of Biology

How Work as a Category of Thought Has Been Disrupted in Neoliberal Capitalist Societies

This article summarises and presents the main findings of Marie-Anne Dujarier’s French book Troubles dans le travail (2021). It focuses on the “travail” category of thought and practice in France, where it has become a ubiquitous and moral notion. The article traces the history of its social uses, highlighting its polysemy with respect to vernacular and scientific uses, then its limited meaning when used in institutions. It examines contemporary situations in which activity requiring effort, the production of use or exchange values, and the status of employment and remuneration are disconnected. Their frequency and importance cast doubt on who is working and when. This disruption in the “work” category of thought indicates that the eponymous institutions do not adequately accommodate real practices. They are therefore questioned. This observation is also an invitation for researchers to unpick this word for a better analysis of contemporary social, psychological and ecological issues. In France, the word “travail” is ubiquitous in our day-to-day exchanges, as well as in our scientific and political discussions (“travail” is often translated as ‘work’ or ‘labour’, translations are part of the history of the category). Although regularly given only one value, it also has a moral domain. But what does it mean? This article offers Anglo-Saxon readers a summary of in-depth sociological research on this issue, published in the book called Work Troubles. Sociology of a category of thought (French original title: Troubles dans le travail. Sociologie d’une catégorie de pensée) by the author of this article.

Veiled Reading, Reading Veils: Textile Curtains and the Experiences of Medieval French Manuscripts, 1200–1325

Abstract: Building on groundbreaking studies by Christine Sciacca and Morgan Simms Adams, this article addresses an understudied phenomenon of medieval French manuscript culture: the sewing of textile curtains—fabric pieces made of silk, linen, or cotton gauze—above or beside illuminations to protect and veil them. Presenting a corpus of forty-six manuscripts of medieval French texts that once contained curtains, I demonstrate how this practice extended beyond the realm of Latin and devotional books to some of the most popular vernacular illuminated book traditions of the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. Through a series of examples, the different performative potentialities of the veil—its affordances—are shown to far exceed its presumed protective function. Indeed, I argue that the textile curtain, operating at the intersection of touch and sight, should be considered an important part of how certain French books were experienced in the Middle Ages.

The World of the French Bookselling at the End of the Old Regime

The critical review of the recently published in Russia translated monography by the well known American historian of book Robert Darnton “Literary Tour de France: The World of Books on the Eve of the French Revolution” is presented. On the base of archive of the Typographic Society of Newshatel this author and researcher reconstructed the functional system of the French book market in the second half of 18th century. He observed the participation in bringing books to reader of publishers, trade representatives, transport carriers, smugglers, booksellers. Book trade documents allowed him to present the list of booksellers — the most popular books among the readers — during the period preceding the Great French Revolution. The importance of source study techniques and methodological approaches used by Robert Darnton for research in the sphere of book history of different countries and historical periods is noted.

The Application and Analysis of Xu Yuanchong's "Three Beauties Theory" in Poetry Translation

Xu Yuanchong is a famous contemporary translator in China, and his literary translation achievements are renowned both at home and abroad. He has published more than 60 books in Chinese, English and French, including "The Book of Songs", "Elegies of the South", "Selected Poems of Li Bai", "Romance in the Western Bower", "The Red and the Black","Vanished springs","Madame Bovary" and "In Search of Lost Time".In 2014, Xu Yuanchong was awarded the "Aurora Borealis Prize" Award for Excellence in Literary Translation, one of the highest awards in the international translation industry.Mr. Qian Jongshu, a literary giant, once said of Mr. Xu Yuanchong: "Mr. Xu has devoted his life to Chinese culture, and has died with all his might. And he opened up a new path for Chinese culture in the world."This article mainly expounds the background, function and significance of Xu Yuanchong's "Three Beauties Theory", and through case analysis, compares Xu Yuanchong's specific application of the "Three Beauties Theory" in Chinese poetry translation with other translators, and analyzes its embodiment in the "Three Beauties Theory".

The Eye That Is Language: A Transatlantic View of Eudora Welty by Danièle Pitavy-Souques

Reviewed by: The Eye That Is Language: A Transatlantic View of Eudora Welty by Danièle Pitavy-Souques Jacques Pothier (bio) The Eye That Is Language: A Transatlantic View of Eudora Welty by Danièle Pitavy-Souques "Endless the Medusa, and Perseus endless …" Eudora Welty, "The Wanderers" Danièle Pitavy-Souques needs no introduction to the readers of this journal. An internationally famous Welty scholar, she is the author of two books in French, La mort de Méduse: L'art de la nouvelle chez Eudora Welty (The Death of Medusa: The Art of the Story by Eudora Welty, 1991) and Eudora Welty: Les Sortilèges du conteur (Eudora Welty: The Witchcraft of Storytelling, 1999) and is well known for dozens of articles. Some of the chapters of the present book were originally contributions to this journal. When she died in 2019, she was working on a book-length collection of eight of her essays on Welty published between 1979 and 2014, with the addition of a new essay on "Flowers for Marjorie" and a short general introduction entitled "The Eye That Is Language." Pearl McHaney can be credited with completing this project in record time as a superb homage to her friend Danièle's labor of love and mind—McHaney's Preface begins with an overview of a career centrally devoted to Welty studies, but also to promoting the study of Northern American women writers—a scholarly powerhouse who also worked hard to empower women. It is common enough to praise Eudora Welty's visual talent and to refer to her experience as a photographer, as this title does. It is less common to point to Welty's training as a painter and to compare her approach with that of Matisse, told by his art professor Gustave Moreau to go into the streets and who remembered: "We were forcing ourselves to discover quickly what was characteristic in a gesture, in an attitude" (qtd. in Pitavy-Souques [End Page 165] 67–68). Pitavy-Souques points out that Welty's approach to photography was just the same: to catch "the moment in which people reveal themselves" (Welty, qtd. in Pitavy-Souques 68). Pitavy-Souques similarly trains her eye, and teaches the readers to train theirs, on the details of Welty's stories that she identifies as keystones to her modernist constructions. She does not explore the stories with a privileged theoretical approach but with a discipline, an ethic—close reading (39, 42, 140) as a way to face the challenges of a demanding art: "Welty's fiction, with unusually strong and complex texts that require close reading to apprehend their richness and endless narrative experimentation" (4); the text's "narrative functioning deserves the closest attention" (7); "a close study of the narration shows that it is just the reverse" (14); "Let us look closely at 'A Memory'" (22); "the contents are manifestly transgressive and as such deserve close attention" (40); "Close analysis reveals the working of Welty's creative imagination" (96); "Close reading invites one to read 'Flowers for Marjorie' as the bold dramatization of self-begetting" (119; all emphases added). This story, she explains in the last essay written with the present volume on her mind, along "with the title story, is the most intriguing text of A Curtain of Green" (39). Close analysis is indeed necessary to catch what makes Welty's writing tick. In this collection, Danièle Pitavy-Souques pays special attention to the volume The Golden Apples, "that great book about writing" (125). The first and seventh chapters ("Technique as Myth: The Structure of The Golden Apples" and "Eudora Welty and the Merlin Principle: Aspects of Story-Telling in The Golden Apples") explicitly deal with the story cycle, but in her quest for metafiction, she makes extended references to the rest of Welty's abundant oeuvre: her novels, photographs, and essays. What Pitavy-Souques particularly enjoys is unpacking the most challenging narrative structures in Welty. Although not indebted to a school of criticism, she draws extensively on an exceptionally wide intellectual background, just as she convinces the reader that Welty, a southerner by biography, trained in the North and an active traveler, was widely open...

My Husband! What is ‘The Happy Life’ for us? (Tcheonzamun 049th -064th)

French missionary Dallet (1874) wrote in his book that early history of Korea is not known, and it was for him very strange that ‘Korean scholars do not have any interests in their own history. And the scholars read only the book written in Chinese characters’. The thousand character essay is called in Korea as Tcheonzamun (千字文), and this Tcheonzamun book was introduced in the French book (Dallet, 1874). It is firmly believed that Tcheonzamun was created by Chinese people (Han, 1583). Recently, several researchers thought that Tcheonzamun book might be written by ancient Korean people (Park et al., 2021a; Park et al., 2021b). The present researcher translated the Tcheonzamun poem (Tcheonzamun 049th -064th). This study was done both through the meaning of Chinese characters and through Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters. Tcheonzamun poem is composed of 16 letters (Park et al., 2021a; Park et al., 2021b). This time, the range is (Tcheonzamun 049th -064th). There are two methods for the present study. One method is through Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters (Park et al., 2021b), the other is through the meaning of Chinese characters in Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021a). Sometimes, the Chinese character is separated into several parts. Then same part of the Chinese characters in the same line will be deleted. Here, the line is shown as follows. (049- 052 劍(Keom) 號(Ho) 巨(Keo) 闕(Kweol)). Then, the translation will be done with the remained part (parts). On the method through Korean pronunciation, the four letters in a line will be modified. This study is for the translation of (Tcheonzamun 049th -064th). And the title of this study is the word of the wife, “My husband! What is ‘the happy life’ for us? (Tcheonzamun 049th -064th)”. The translation through the meaning of Chinese character shows the ideal state of husband and wife. But the translation through Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters, wife-husband couple is not in good harmony. As a conclusion, the theme of these two translations is similar, the happiness of the husband and the wife.

Open Science – A French Perspective

In this episode, a true Nestor of Open Science, Pierre Mounier talks us through the origins and growth of various French infrastructures for open research, especially in the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH). Based at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), he has been instrumental in transforming revues.org into OpenEdition, a national publishing infrastructure for open-access journals and books in the SSH disciplines. Mounier also discusses whether political ambitions concerning the rayonnement (‘radiance’, i.e. diffusion) of French as an international language has been a factor in acquiring governmental support for a service like OpenEdition. When negotiating with private publishing houses, the situation of the SSH disciplines contrasts to the domain of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Medicine (STEM). In the latter domain, the formation of COSO (Comité pour la science ouverte) has proved extremely important when negotiating read-and-publish deals with major publishers. Regarding the SSH, Mounier argues for a more soft and dialogic approach, since the private companies publishing French books and journals are usually small and far less profit-oriented. The multidisciplinary CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) is a driver for open access and open research in general. For example, when physicists wanted to have a French repository mirroring the preprint server arXiv.org, this initiative grew organically into the all-encompassing HAL repository, thanks to collaboration between various disciplines facilitated by the CNRS. As for research data repositories, the set-up is slightly different. There now exists both a fallback national repository for researchers that lack an institutional or disciplinary service for their data and a federated service connecting the various institutional and disciplinary repositories across the country. One such disciplinary service is the Huma-Num, which runs a repository designated for Digital Humanities (Humanités numeriques). This podcast recording was made in conjunction with the Munin Conference on Scholarly Publishing. First published online December 8, 2022.

The French Book Trade in Enlightenment Europe I: Selling Enlightenment

The French Book Trade in Enlightenment Europe I: Selling Enlightenment

اسٹینلے لین پول بطور مترجم قرآن کریم

Stanley Lane-Poole was a British orientalist, translator, lexicographer and historian. He completed the remaining two volumes of "An Arabic-English Lexicon" started by his grand-uncle Edward William Lane (1801-1876) in which he has translated some fragments of the Holy Qur'ān. He edited the Lane's book entitled "Selections from the Kur-an" and published it alongwith his own additions. Lane-Poole published "The Speeches and Table-Talk of the Prophet Mohammad" translating selected extracts from the Holy Qur'ān and Ḥadīth therein. In 1882, Lane-Poole published his French book "Le Koran: sa Poesie et ses lois" (The Qur'ān: Its Poetry and Laws). This article examines Lane-Poole's works on the Qur'ān critically comparing them with other English translations.

Literaturwettbewerbe - ein sinnvoller Beitrag für den fremdsprachlichen Literaturunterricht? Überlegungen zu den französischen Wettbewerben Prix des lycéens und Francomics

Although student competitions play an important role in school life, they are hardly discussed in the field of foreign language didactics (referring to the German context). This article presents the two largest competitions for French language teaching, Prix des lycéens and Francomics, and explores their potential for engaging with literary texts in a school context. What seems particularly successful about the competitions is that they take students seriously as readers and challenge them to engage creatively with the works they read. This is especially meaningful since French language teaching in schools has been facing many challenges. The competitions seek to redress such difficulties by providing a selection of current French books for adolescent readers, by offering additional teaching material and other services, and ultimately enriching and supplementing French lessons.