Book Search Research Articles

Tratamento cirúrgico do pé eqüino na paralisia cerebral: uma revisão sistemática e quantitativa da literatura

OBJECTIVE: To perform an systematic and quantitative review of the literature dealing with the surgical treatment of equinus foot in cerebral palsy, to perform a statistical analysis of the results in order to characterize a meta-analysis, the purpose of which is to clarify which of the surgical techniques has the lesser risk of recurrence of the equinus deformity, and when to operate on. METHODS: Systematic and quantitative review of the literature between 1966 and 2007. The selection of articles followed a pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies were identified and chosen using the computer databases in the Internet as the search strategy (Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and Cochrane Virtual Library). A manual search in journals and books was also done. The data of each study were collected in a pre-established form. The methodological quality of each study was evaluated. For each study selected an estimate was made of the effects of the treatment (relative risk of recurrence). The data were submitted to clinical analysis and to statistical heterogeneity appreciation by analyzing subgroups (mean age, duration of follow-up, and surgical technique used). RESULTS: From the 70 publications found, 20 observational, retrospective studies were selected. Analysis of the studies with mean follow-up longer than five years shows that the rate of recurrence are of higher absolute value in proportion with the longer duration of the follow-up. The studies in which the mean age of patients at the time of surgery was older than seven years show a smaller sum total of relative risks when compared to the group with mean ager younger than seven years, showing a significant reduction of the absolute risk. The comparative analysis of studies that mention performance of lengthening of the calcaneus tendon shows a lower sum total of risks when compared to studies that mention lengthening in the muscle-tendon junction, but with a small reduction in absolute risk. CONCLUSIONS: Zetaplasty for the lengthening of the calcaneus tendon tends to be safer. Patients should operated on after seven years of age. In the long term, the risk of recurrence increases significantly, which reinforces the need for a follow-up of these patients at least till they reach skeletal maturity.

The Return of the Guide to Reference(Books)

If you are a librarian of my generation, you probably fondly refer to the Guide to Reference Books as Sheehy. Younger librarians most likely refer to it as Balay. Robert H. Kieft assumed the daunting role of general editor of the new edition of the Guide, reference librarianship was in transition, moving from print to online. As a result of this migration, the Guide too has transformed in format and purpose. Read on to find out how the new edition of the Guide has been developed to enhance its role as a teaching and training tool.--Editor A few years ago, I wrote a piece for this journal called When Reference Works Are Not Books: The New Edition of the Guide to Reference Books. (1) It appeared in a column called Off the Shelf and Onto the which ran from volume 38, number 1 (1997) to volume 42, number 1 (2002). In it I discussed early plans for the new edition of the American Library Association's (ALA) Guide to Reference Books, now called Guide to Reference. So much has happened since then, and so many trends we saw early in this decade have gathered momentum, that I would like in this editorial to discuss more recent thinking about the Guide and its future. (2) At the very least, since I wrote that column in 2002, the stream of works moving from the shelf to the Web has become a flood as publishers and aggregators for the reference market produce ever more works online and, outside the reference library proper, as Google Book Search, Open Content Alliance, and other projects daily add thousands of titles to the universally searchable online library. If, even as late as 2002, we doubted where things were going, it now goes without saying that we are living on the far side of an information revolution that began when the Mosaic browser encouraged the commercial and public development of the Web in the mid-1990s. We have seen the book box library become the box library almost overnight as the Web and search have become, respectively, a preferred medium for information publication and access and a model for expectations of doing research. Mass digitization, search algorithms, and social or populist information distribution channels and forms of knowledge production are coming to dominate how we think about information, and we may well be on the verge of an information publishing world where sources not on the Web will not only be hard to find but may be presumed not to exist. That's another way of saying we live in the most exciting time for librarianship since the giants of the Dewey generation walked the earth. Collections, publishing, modes of service and access, the relationships among libraries, and the library's role in society as a collecting institution are all in process of reinvention. If nothing else, recent experience with users in the online environment has confirmed that the library has never been about books, recordings, and pages of census information, but about how people interact with texts, images, data, and sounds and how they take these into their own thinking and work. The service edifice built by reference librarians beginning in the late nineteenth century does not so much threaten to collapse as to be reborn in ways that we are still groping to discern. Librarians are sketching the new reference architecture by harnessing the power of the Web; they are defining new roles, services, communication channels, and user relationships online and are helping design interfaces and guidance for online users. As more users, at least in the academic world, live and work more on the Web, reference departments around the country are weeding their print collections or sending them to the stacks or storage while building ever larger systems to track and give access to their electronic resources. For the new edition of the Guide, we have addressed some major challenges, big questions about how to compile for the Web a source that was created in and for a world of print collections, physical interfaces (service desks and books on shelves), and a linear research model. …

From Google Print to Google Book Search: The Controversial Initiative and Its Impact on Other Remarkable Digitization Projects

ABSTRACT Google's initiative to scan and add book content into its search engine has resulted in much praise and protest. Changing its digitization project's name from Google Print to Google Book Search and adding information to its site did not keep Google out of copyright court. However, publicity surrounding this project has spawned renewed interest in book digitization projects, with collaborative efforts quickly growing. This article will look at Book Search's history, highlight how it has been altered along with its name, and point out other interesting book digitization projects that Book Search has spawned or recently brought into the limelight, such as those associated with the Internet Archive.

Google Book Search , and: Live Search Books (review)

Google Book Search. Google Inc. http://books.google.com/. (Accessed December 2007-March 2008) [Requires a Web browser and an Internet Connection.] Live Search Books. Microsoft Corporation. http://books.live.com. (Accessed December 2007-March 2008) [Requires a Web browser and an Internet Connection.] [N.B. In May 2008, as this review was going to press, Microsoft cancelled the Live Search Books project. Content from the project is to be incorporated into Live Search results, but there will be no further digitization and no separate interface. http://blogs .msdn.com/livesearch/archive/2008/05/23/book-search-winding-down .aspx for details.] Google Book Search and Live Search Books are making the text of books available to anyone with access to the Internet. The two are differentiated by their approaches to finding books, and to searching within them. Google takes a librarian's approach to the problem: they provide a lot of information and multiple ways to access it. This allows for incredible precision in searching. Microsoft takes a consumer's approach, with a smaller amount of information, but with a focus on legibility and browseability. This lends itself towards a more populist form of access. The Google Book project is the larger of the two, and it now includes the books of almost twenty major research libraries, as well as content supplied by publishers. Live Search Books is a significantly smaller project, with books drawn from far fewer universities and publishers. Another major difference between the two is transparency. In its Help pages, Google provides information about who is contributing (although they do not state what they are contributing); the philosophy behind the project; and how the company views the copyright issues. This transparency follows all the way through to the somewhat flexible design of the search interface itself. Live Search makes none of this help information easily available from the search pages. Microsoft's product, while being much more opaque, nonetheless has some promising features. PRESENTATION While both databases have wide subject scopes, this review is concerned only with the music-related When approaching either collection, it is important to remember that a majority of the fullyaccessible texts will be those in the public domain (published before 1923). Depending on the wishes of the authors and publishers, works still in copyright may display no text, partial text, or occasionally, text. Google has four types of availability: Full View, where the entire text is viewable, Limited Preview, where entire chunks of the book are displayed while others are left out, Snippet View, where only some of the sentences with search results are displayed, and No Preview Available, where no information is displayed, verifying only that the search retrieved the item. Live Search Books has a simpler system for the viewing of books. The user can limit to 100% viewable texts, or See all content. Next to each result, Live Search indicates what percentage of the text is viewable, and a user who is signed in with a Microsoft Network account can select which pages are displayed. Microsoft does better than Google at the actual scanning of books. In Google Books, the scanning is uneven, with some pages that are askew or even illegible, whereas Live Search has well-aligned scans, with fewer legibility issues. Microsoft also scans in color, as opposed to Google's black and white. The difference probably arises from the fact that Google's project is much larger, and is growing at a rapid rate, while Microsoft's project seems to be fairly small. When it comes to manipulating the actual images of the books, however, Google has much more flexibility. Live Search allows for either a full page or a fit to width option, which requires a lot of scrolling to read a single page. Google provides basic zooming, a single- or doublepage layout, and a grab hand similar to Adobe Acrobat Reader. …

On the World Market Trajectory of 21 Major Book Publishing Companies in Globalization and European Studies in 100 Countries - From 'Amsterdam University Press' via 'Palgrave' and 'Nova Science Publishers' to 'Transaction Publishers' by International, 19 Indicator Comparison

Ever since the path-breaking empirical studies by Schott (1998) world systems scholars start from the well-established assumption that world science is a single gigantic center-periphery relationship. The strategic and tactical practical conclusions for individual scholars and their agenda in the scientific periphery and the semi-periphery, to which Europe increasingly belongs, are much harder to draw than the general diagnosis. Where can scholars from outside the US attractively publish their manuscripts for the world market‘ How does the European make its point in the global scientific arena in the field of the debates about social policies and globalization‘ Is there a way, especially for scholars from the new member countries of the European Union, and from the newly formed Union for the Mediterranean, to effectively publish their works on the world market‘ This article tries to answer tentatively such a difficult and strategic question, and quantitatively compares the performance of Amsterdam University Press (EU); Ashgate (EU); Blackwell (EU); Cambridge UP (EU); Campus (Frankfurt/Ann Arbor) (EU); Cornell UP (USA); Edward Elgar (EU); Houghton/Mifflin (US); IOS Press (EU); Lexington (US); Monthly Review Press (US); Nova Science Publishers (US); Oxford University Press (EU); Palgrave Macmillan (EU); Praeger Publishers (EU); Routledge (EU); Rowman/Littlefield (US); Sage Publications (US); Springer-Verlag (US); St. Martin's Press (US); and Transaction Publishers (US), which in between them control a sizeable share of the social science academic book publishing market in such fields of political science as globalization or European studies, with up to nineteen quantitative performance criteria, ranging from market success rates on global markets both in North America as well as mainly in the Asia-Pacific and European region, comparative library presence rates at international organizations libraries, such as the European and the United Nations, and the quantitative impact of published titles on combined indices of peer reviewed journals and the international daily and weekly press. In addition, our study evaluates the impact of the companies' books and journals on the literature, contained in Google book search and Google scholar, all per total company book and serials output. In terms of their ability to place books on the markets of now 100 countries well in comparison to total production, the American companies in our sample hold an unparalleled power. The relative market leaders, which get a large percentage of their total book output to more than 50 global libraries each, are: * Lexington (US) * St. Martin's Press (US) * Rowman/Littlefield (US) * Monthly Review Press (US) * Praeger Publishers (US) * Cornell UP (US) * Ashgate (UK) * Transaction Publishers (US) * Edward Elgar (UK) * Nova Science Publishers (US) Our results, based on simple combined ranks and more sophisticated non-parametric and parametric, multivariate SPSS XV factor analytical evaluations of indicator performance are a further sign of the fact that Europe would do well to further learn from the culture of major US Universities.

Luis Collado, director de <i>Búsqueda de Libros de Google</i>

Luis Collado answers some questions about the program Google Book Search. He describes what it is and what it is not. His words reveal Google’s philosophy of universal access to information.

Truth, Damn Truth, and Statistics

Statisticians and Statistics teachers often have to push back against the popular impression that Statistics teaches how to lie with data. Those who believe incorrectly that Statistics is solely a branch of Mathematics (and thus algorithmic), often see the use of judgment in Statistics as evidence that we do indeed manipulate our results. In the push to teach formulas and definitions, we may fail to emphasize the important role played by judgment. We should teach our students that they are personally responsible for the judgments they make. But we must also offer guidance for their statistical judgments. Such guidance requires that we acknowledge the role of ethics in Statistics. The principle guiding these judgments should be the honest search for truth about the world, and the principle of seeking such truth should have a central place in Statistics courses. The remark attributed to Disraeli would often apply with justice and force: “There are three kinds of lies: lies, damn lies, and statistics”. —Mark Twain This may be my least favorite quotation about Statistics. But I wish to address what underlies both the quotation and the gleeful willingness of many who know nothing at all about Statistics to quote it as if it justified their low opinion of the discipline. This quotation has infiltrated discussions in many disciplines. Surely you have had it quoted back to you if you were foolish enough to admit in polite company that you teach Statistics. Nigel Rees's Quote…Unquote 1 claims that this is the single most quoted remark in the British media.2 A Google books search of “lies, damn lies, and statistics” turns up 495 books, and a general Google search finds “about 207,000” hits. A small (nonrandom) sample of these references shows that most are meant to suggest dishonest manipulations and interpretations.

Overview of the INEX 2007 Book Search track

This paper provides an overview of the newly launched Book Search Track at INEX 2007 (BookSearch '07), its participants, tasks, book corpus, test topics and relevance assessments, as well as some results.

Note on Online Books and Articles About the History of Dissociation

ABSTRACT Students of the history of dissociation will be interested in the materials on the subject available in the digital document database Google Book Search. This includes a variety of books and journals covering automatic writing, hypnosis, mediumship, multiple personality, trance, somnambulism, and other topics. Among the authors represented in the database are: Eugène Azam, Alfred Binet, James Braid, Jean-Martin Charcot, Pierre Janet, Frederic W.H. Myers, Morton Prince, and Boris Sidis, among others. The database includes examples of case reports, conceptual discussions, and psychiatric and psychological textbook literature.

Google Book Search

Google Book Search

The acquisition of document search strategies in grade school students

AbstractSkilled comprehension includes the ability to search complex documents in order to retrieve and make use of information of interest. Two studies investigated the acquisition of document search skills by 9‐ to 13‐year‐old students. Experiment 1 explored third, fifth and seventh grade students' book search strategies as a function of question complexity. There was a sharp decrease across grades in time on task and need for experimenter assistance. Older students' search strategies evolved from mere flipping through the pages to top‐down search based on the use of structural organizers, for example the table of contents and index. Experiment 2 replicated the effects of grade on text search strategies using a more controlled setting. Older students were significantly faster at searching longer texts, and they used more top‐down strategies based on the use of text organizers. We discuss the contribution of metatextual knowledge and self‐regulation in expert text processing strategies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Join the Conversation: Show Your Library's Google Scholar and Book Search Expertise

SUMMARY Offering workshops on Google Scholar and Google Book Search, and including them in library instruction sessions, gives librarians a new opportunity to connect with their user communities. By adopting and marketing these and similar databases, librarians can open up new avenues of research for their users, both in Google's domain and in the realm of more traditional library research.

Full-text search capability: a new tool for researching the development of scientific language. The ‘Whirlpool Nebula’ as a case study

Burgeoning numbers of books and periodicals from earlier centuries are becoming available in online databases such as the British Library Online Newspaper Archive, the Making of America collection, the Million Book Project, the Gallica Project, Google Book Search and the Royal Society's Digital Journal Archive. For those databases that offer it, full-text search capability provides the historian with a novel tool for researching the origin and development of scientific language. A case study is given concerning the adoption of the ‘whirlpool’ epithet for Messier 51 (the astronomical nebula in which the Third Earl of Rosse first discovered spiral structure in 1845). This illustrates the power of the tool but also reveals some limitations. In particular, access to originals is still often necessary. Unexpectedly, the astronomical appropriation of ‘whirlpool’ predates Rosse's discovery.

A primer on radio frequency identification for libraries

Purpose – Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a location determination technology that has been receiving a lot of commercial attention in recent times, especially in the areas of asset tracking and supply chain management. The purpose of this paper is to outline a library prototype that utilises RFID in order to enhance and speed up the current customer book search and identification processes.Design/methodology/approach – The hardware to be used in the design and implementation of the prototypes include a laptop to host the server, a router to create the wireless network, a PDA to host the applications, RFID tags and an RFID reader to carry out the RFID communication.Findings – The functionality and benefits offered by the RFID systems match the needs and areas of improvement for libraries. RFID technology can help streamline major library processes such as stocktaking and book searches. Already approximately 8 per cent of libraries worldwide are using RFID, and it will be incorporated into many it...

Using Geographic Information Systems in Injury Research

To provide an overview of geographic information systems (GIS) and to discuss current and future applications in injury and trauma research. Literature review and discourse of GIS technology related to injury and trauma research. A search of scientific literature databases, text books, and online resources was undertaken to describe the current and prospective uses of GIS in injury and trauma research. Geographic information systems are computerized mapping systems that link information from different data sets spatially. The advantage of GIS is the capability to graphically display different attributes of an area in a way that is easily interpretable. Geographic information systems have been used to study injury rates, describe populations at risk for injury, examine access to trauma care, and develop and assess injury prevention programs. Geographic information systems are tools for injury researchers to analyze injury rates and risks and to describe their results with colorful maps and graphics that allow the public to see how injuries affect their communities.

Google Book Search: An Interview with Ben Bunnell

Google Book Search: An Interview with Ben Bunnell

Inheritance and loss? A brief survey of Google Books

The Google Books Project has drawn a great deal of attention, offering the prospect of the library of the future and rendering many other library and digitizing projects apparently superfluous. To grasp the value of Google's endeavor, we need among other things, to assess its quality. On such a vast and undocumented project, the task is challenging. In this essay, I attempt an initial assessment in two steps. First, I argue that most quality assurance on the Web is provided either through innovation or through "inheritance." In the later case, Web sites rely heavily on institutional authority and quality assurance techniques that antedate the Web, assuming that they will carry across unproblematically into the digital world. I suggest that quality assurance in the Google's Book Search and Google Books Library Project primarily comes through inheritance, drawing on the reputation of the libraries, and before them publishers involved. Then I chose one book to sample the Google's Project, Lawrence Sterne's Tristram Shandy. This book proved a difficult challenge for Project Gutenberg, but more surprisingly, it evidently challenged Google's approach, suggesting that quality is not automatically inherited. In conclusion, I suggest that a strain of romanticism may limit Google's ability to deal with that very awkward object, the book.

Google's Book Search: An Australian Copyright Perspective

This paper considers the legal position of internet search company Google's Book Search project, primarily from an Australian copyright law perspective. An overview of Google generally and the Book Search project specifically is provided as background to discussion on potential liability for direct and indirect copyright infringement that Google may have as result of the project. Key variations between US and Australian law are outlined as they relate to the Book Search project. Finally implications arising from the legality of the project are briefly considered.

Keeping Time Machinese and Teleporters in the Public Doman: Fiction as Prior Art for Patent Examination

Works of fiction sometimes contain disclosures of inventions that operate as a bar to patentability, preventing inventors who actually make those inventions from subsequently patenting them. This is because the fictional disclosures effectively destroy the novelty of the inventions or render them obvious. Despite such disclosures, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office does not habitually or effectively search through fiction for pertinent prior art in its examinations. This paper explores the legal, economic, and pragmatic considerations if searching fiction is to become part of the patent examination process. Until recently, it was impracticable to search fiction in a manner that would accurately locate pertinent prior art. However, with the advent of the Google Book Search Project, fiction can be both effectively and efficiently searched for the first time in history. Ultimately, the strong public interest in keeping invalid patents from issuing requires that fictional prior art searching be incorporated into patent examinations.

Searching for books and images in OPAC: Effects of LCSH, TOC and subject domains

AbstractThe enhanced subject representation improves the performance in retrieving relevant records via keyword searching in conjunction with subject headings (controlled vocabulary). The effectiveness of two types of subject representation‐TOC (notes) and LCSH‐ in subject search for books and images was investigated within an OPAC system. Our poster will report findings regarding user queries and retrieval effectiveness of keyword searching via two different modes. The findings have implications for subject access point enhancement on bibliographic records.