Book Search Research Articles

Development of guidelines for family and non-professional helpers on assisting an older person who is developing cognitive impairment or has dementia: a Delphi expert consensus study

BackgroundAssisting a person with dementia can lead to significant carer burden and possible negative outcomes for the person. Using the Delphi method, this study developed expert consensus guidelines for how family and non-professional carers should assist a person who is developing cognitive impairment, or has dementia or delirium.MethodsA systematic search of websites, books and journal articles was conducted to develop a questionnaire containing items about the knowledge, skills and actions needed for assisting a person who is developing cognitive impairment, or has dementia or delirium. These items were rated over three rounds by two international expert panels comprising professionals specialising in research or treatment of dementia, and dementia carer advocates.ResultsA total of 65 participants (43 in the professional panel and 22 in the carer advocate panel) completed all three survey rounds. Of the 656 survey items that were rated, a total of 389 items were endorsed by at least 80 % of each panel. The endorsed items formed the basis of a guidelines document that explains what family and non-professional carers need to know and do when assisting a person who is developing cognitive impairment, or has dementia or delirium.ConclusionsThe two groups of experts were able to reach substantial consensus on how to assist a person who is developing cognitive impairment, or has dementia or delirium.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0305-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A generic pseudo relevance feedback framework with heterogeneous social information

Social information has been widely applied in the research fields of information retrieval and recommendation systems. However, most research efforts have been conducted to investigate social information with a specific type (e.g. tags), which ignores the relationships among these various types of heterogeneous social information. In this paper, taking Pseudo Relevance Feedback (PRF) as an example of classical IR models, we propose a novel and generic PRF framework for searching and recommendation with heterogeneous social information. Firstly, through the representations, social information is categorized into structured and unstructured information, then a correlation graph for terms occurred in queries and social information is built to express rich semantic contexts for their relationships. Inspired by the correlation graph, we respectively design diverse term selection strategies for structured information (e.g. tags, ratings) and unstructured information (e.g. reviews, annotations). Particularly, we modify the conventional distribution-based term selection models for structured information due to the “semantic indivisibility”, meanwhile we also introduce several transformation term selection models for unstructured information with an additional consideration of ratings when constructing weighting functions. Finally, we construct an effective searching system, where learning-to-rank is utilized adaptively to combine results from various PRF strategies with different social information. Extensive evaluations and comparisons on CLEF/INEX Social Book Search Track (SBS) and three other collections verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed framework and term selection models. Furthermore, statistics indicate that the historic records of all 4-year SBS tracks are refreshed by our proposed method.

Herbal medicines in dentistry: history, obtainment methods, and properties of Copaifera multijuga hayne and Baccharis dracunculifolia dc

The aim of this study was to do a literature review on herbal medicines used in dentistry. For that purpose, an electronic search of papers in Portuguese, Spanish, and English was performed in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct, LILACS, and BBO, supplemented by hand search in books, theses, and journals. For the search, the following keywords were used: phytotherapy, Copaifera, and Baccharis dracunculifolia. Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times and some of them such as the Copaifera multijuga Hayne and Baccharis dracunculifolia DC have shown medicinal properties. Different ways to obtain extracts from those plants have been described, as well as their many important properties, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic effects. However, studies on their medicinal properties are still scarce, which indicates the need for further studies to unravel their effects and possible side effects, as well as implications of improper use of these plants.

Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis.

Progressive lung damage causes most deaths in cystic fibrosis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen) may prevent progressive pulmonary deterioration and morbidity in cystic fibrosis. To assess the effectiveness of treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cystic fibrosis. We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register comprising references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches, hand searches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. We contacted manufacturers of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Latest search of the Group's Trials Register: 04 February 2016. Randomized controlled trials comparing oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, at any dose for at least two months, to placebo in people with cystic fibrosis. Two authors independently assessed trials for inclusion the review and their potential risk of bias. The searches identified 10 trials; four are included (287 participants aged five to 39 years; maximum follow up of four years) and one is currently awaiting classification pending publication of the full trial report. Three trials compared ibuprofen to placebo (two from the same centre with some of the same participants); one trial assessed piroxicam versus placebo.The three ibuprofen trials were deemed to have good or adequate methodological quality, but used various outcomes and summary measures. Reviewers considered measures of lung function, nutritional status, radiological assessment of pulmonary involvement, intravenous antibiotic usage, hospital admissions, survival and adverse effects. Combined data from the two largest ibuprofen trials showed a significantly lower annual rate of decline for lung function, percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second mean difference 1.32 (95% confidence interval 0.21 to 2.42); forced vital capacity mean difference 1.27 (95% confidence interval 0.26 to 2.28); forced expiratory flow (25-75%) mean difference 1.80 (95% confidence interval 0.15 to 3.45). The post-hoc analysis of data from two trials split by age showed a statistically significant slower rate of annual decline of percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity in the ibuprofen group in younger children, mean difference 1.41% (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 2.80) and mean difference 1.32% (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 2.60) respectively. In one trial, long-term use of high-dose ibuprofen was associated with reduced intravenous antibiotic usage, improved nutritional and radiological pulmonary status. No major adverse effects were reported, but the power of the trials to identify clinically important differences in the incidence of adverse effects was low.We did not have any concerns with regards to risk of bias for the trial comparing piroxicam to placebo. However, the trial did not report many data in a form that we could analyse in this review. No data were available for the review's primary outcome of lung function; available data for hospital admissions showed no difference between the groups. No analysable data were available for any other review outcome. High-dose ibuprofen can slow the progression of lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis, especially in children, which suggests that strategies to modulate lung inflammation can be beneficial for people with cystic fibrosis.

What recent research on diagrams suggests about learning with rather than learning from visual representations in science

ABSTRACTThe move from learning science from representations to learning science with representations has many potential and undocumented complexities. This thematic analysis partially explores the trends of representational uses in science instruction, examining 80 research studies on diagram use in science. These studies, published during 2000–2014, were located through searches of journal databases and books. Open coding of the studies identified 13 themes, 6 of which were identified in at least 10% of the studies: eliciting mental models, classroom-based research, multimedia principles, teaching and learning strategies, representational competence, and student agency. A shift in emphasis on learning with rather than learning from representations was evident across the three 5-year intervals considered, mirroring a pedagogical shift from science instruction as transmission of information to constructivist approaches in which learners actively negotiate understanding and construct knowledge. The themes and topics in recent research highlight areas of active interest and reveal gaps that may prove fruitful for further research, including classroom-based studies, the role of prior knowledge, and the use of eye-tracking. The results of the research included in this thematic review of the 2000–2014 literature suggest that both interpreting and constructing representations can lead to better understanding of science concepts.

ISART: A Generic Framework for Searching Books with Social Information.

Effective book search has been discussed for decades and is still future-proof in areas as diverse as computer science, informatics, e-commerce and even culture and arts. A variety of social information contents (e.g, ratings, tags and reviews) emerge with the huge number of books on the Web, but how they are utilized for searching and finding books is seldom investigated. Here we develop an Integrated Search And Recommendation Technology (IsArt), which breaks new ground by providing a generic framework for searching books with rich social information. IsArt comprises a search engine to rank books with book contents and professional metadata, a Generalized Content-based Filtering model to thereafter rerank books with user-generated social contents, and a learning-to-rank technique to finally combine a wide range of diverse reranking results. Experiments show that this technology permits embedding social information to promote book search effectiveness, and IsArt, by making use of it, has the best performance on CLEF/INEX Social Book Search Evaluation datasets of all 4 years (from 2011 to 2014), compared with some other state-of-the-art methods.

Get lost in the library?

Purpose This paper aims to identify ways to establish an information system to aid users to enhance the effectiveness of self-regulated learning and solve the problem of learning domain unawareness. Many libraries are spacious and with a rich collection of books, the problem a newcomer may encounter in the wide library is spatial unawareness. In addition, people new to a particular field of study often encounter the problem of learning domain unawareness. Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents an overview of self-regulated learning theory first. We realize the essential principles of self-regulated learning model in the library and developed a learning system that utilizes the concept of combining mobile augmented reality (AR), indoor navigation and data mining algorithms. Findings The proposed NO Donkey E-learning (NODE) system utilizes AR and innovative indoor positioning technology to fulfil the goal of navigation inside a library and solve the problems of spatial and learning domain unawareness. On the one hand, the system allows peers to communicate asynchronously to create a cloud-based information sharing community; the dual-track terminal (the website and the app interfaces) in the system could provide both educational functionalities and mobility for readers. On the other hand, AR navigation function integrates the information of reading paths, the real-space locations, real-time dynamic information, book introductions and readers’ comments to help readers have access to the topic-related books efficiently. Practical implications We found that although the library provides the floor plan and signs, such passive and fixed indication may cause spatial unawareness. People need system to show the bookshelf location and dynamic direction indicators when they walk in the wide library. However, most existing library information systems only provide readers with the function of book search, including which floor the book is on, call number and check-out status. In this sense, we propose that self-regulated learning theory integrated the new innovation technology is the solution for the above issues. Originality/value The system developed in this study, while viewing the real scenes inside the library through camera lens, provides related virtual educational information services and learning paths on screen and guides the public to do systematic self-regulated learning. With the functions of the “learning topic” and “knowledge sharing”, the learning system promotes the general public to self-monitor their learning progress and to use the sharing mechanism as the system structure to solve the two main problems of spatial unawareness and domain unawareness in learning in libraries, creating a truly innovative people-centred library information system.

Report on CLEF 2015

This is a report on the sixth edition of the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF 2015), held in early September 2015, in Toulouse, France. CLEF was a four day event combining a Conference and an Evaluation Forum. The focus of the Conference is "Experimental IR" as carried out in the CLEF Labs and other evaluation forums, it featured keynotes by Greg Greffenstette, Mounia Lalmas, and Doug Oard, and 43 papers have been presented, covering a wide range of topics. There were a total of eight Labs: eHealth, ImageCLEF, LifeCLEF, Living Labs for IR, NEWSREEL, PAN, QA, and Social Book Search, addressing a wide range of tasks, media, languages, and ways to go beyond standard test collections.

Near real-time vaccine safety surveillance using electronic health records-a systematic review of the application of statistical methods.

PurposePre‐licensure studies have limited ability to detect rare adverse events (AEs) to vaccines, requiring timely post‐licensure studies. With the increasing availability of electronic health records (EHR) near real‐time vaccine safety surveillance using these data has emerged as an option. We reviewed methods currently used to inform development of similar systems for countries considering their introduction.MethodsMedline, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched, with additional searches of conference abstract books. Questionnaires were sent to organizations worldwide to ascertain unpublished studies. Eligible studies used EHR and regularly assessed pre‐specified AE to vaccine(s). Key features of studies were compared descriptively.ResultsFrom 2779 studies, 31 were included from the USA (23), UK (6), and Taiwan and New Zealand (1 each). These were published/conducted between May 2005 and April 2015. Thirty‐eight different vaccines were studied, focusing mainly on influenza (47.4%), especially 2009 H1N1 vaccines. Forty‐six analytic approaches were used, reflecting frequency of EHR updates and the AE studied. Poisson‐based maximized sequential probability ratio test was the most common (43.5%), followed by its binomial (23.9%) and conditional versions (10.9%). Thirty‐seven of 49 analyses (75.5%) mentioned control for confounding, using an adjusted expected rate (51.4% of those adjusting), stratification (16.2%) or a combination of a self‐controlled design and stratification (13.5%). Guillain‐Barré syndrome (11.9%), meningitis/encephalitis/myelitis (11.9%) and seizures (10.8%) were studied most often.ConclusionsNear real‐time vaccine safety surveillance using EHR has developed over the past decade but is not yet widely used. As more countries have access to EHR, it will be important that appropriate methods are selected, considering the data available and AE of interest. © 2016 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Google Book Search Project: the Pros and Cons

The article analyzes the Google Book Search project: its objectives, both the declared ones (the radical democratization of knowledge) and real (to create a new market of paid services), stages of the project’s implementation, dynamics of change in its assessments according to the American scientific journalism. It is noted that the project underwent a substantial correction in the course of litigation and developing of settlement agreement with holders of the copyright on the books included in the scope of operation of the Google Book Search. It indicates that the service was gradually modified towards greater comfort and comprehensiveness of the utilities provided. Particular attention is given to the identification of social and cultural implications of the monopolization of knowledge dissemination: the marginalization of large strata of the book heritage as a result of the absolutization of algorithms of the search results automatic ranking; the metadata errors that can mislead users; the preferences that the book search engine gives to the English literature. The article thoroughly analyzes the critical arguments against the cultural expansion of global brand, which were put forward by the professional library community. There is reviewed the position of Jean-Noel Jeanneney, president of the French National Library, who considers the Google book project as continuation of the globalist cultural policy, leading to indirect discrimination of other cultures, which contradicts the Declaration on Cultural Diversity, UNESCO, 2001.

An ontology-based integrated architecture for personalised information search and recommendation

Nowadays, web content consumers may face choice overload with regard to the huge amount of resources available on services or content providers' platforms. Moreover, the available descriptions of such goods may be complex and ambiguous which requires assisting users while exploring the available content and finding the right resources with regard to each individual's personal needs and tastes. Such challenges are tackled mainly by personalisation and recommendation approaches. In this paper, we present a hybrid context-aware personalisation architecture integrating an information search and a recommendation approach. The main objective here is to facilitate the access to relevant content depending on users' contextual objectives and needs. The proposed architecture was evaluated on the INEX 2013 Social Book Search collection whose main challenge is to satisfy users' requests with the most interesting books.

Google Book Search Project and Alternative Experience of Formation of E-Libraries

The article analyzes the role of Google Book Search, the largest corporate repository of infor-mation with the subordinate function of pay wall, in the development of new institutional paradigm of e-libraries. It is noted the negative reaction of foreign library community to the functioning of the IT-giant book service as an attempt of monopolizing the access to intellectual heritage. It is described the public benefit concept, triggering the formation of new electronic archives. The article examines the alternative experience of formation and functioning of some foreign digital libraries: HathiTrust Digital Library, Europeana, Digital Public Library of America, Internet Archive, - putting forward the priority of non-commercial access to databases. Attention is paid to the history and basic structural parameters of the emerging electronic collections. The article analyzes the dynamics of relationship of the new digital libraries with Google book service - from active cooperation in digiti-zation programs to opposition against information monopoly practice, and then to sporadic cooperation in the framework of special projects, promoting new format of providing information services. Attention is focused on the development of new principles of collective cooperation of digital libraries abroad in the process of building infrastructure of the information society.

Lessons of the Google Book Search: What Is Next?

The article examines future prospects of the Google Book Project and its place in the development of the information society infrastructure. The article gives an overall assessment of the project Google Book Search in the context of digital revolution and changes in the institutional paradigm of modern libraries. Google Inc. formed a huge electronic library, establishing the right of access to it on the corporation’s own terms. Thus, the giant of IT-industry made a request for reformatting the paradigm of production and dissemination of knowledge. As a result, libraries, as social and cultural institutions, had to compete with the dynamic infrastructure of society web 2.0, based on commodification of the monopolistically provided services. The article notes that the expansion of the Google Book Search Project resulted in the intensification of national and international initiatives for creation of digital libraries on the basis of information resources digitization programs. At the end of the article, a conclusion is made that the most valuable lesson that the library community can learn from the history of the Google Library Project development is to realize their own social and cultural identity, inadmissibility of copying the methods of the information giants.

An ontology-based integrated architecture for personalised information search and recommendation

Nowadays, web content consumers may face choice overload with regard to the huge amount of resources available on services or content providers' platforms. Moreover, the available descriptions of such goods may be complex and ambiguous which requires assisting users while exploring the available content and finding the right resources with regard to each individual's personal needs and tastes. Such challenges are tackled mainly by personalisation and recommendation approaches. In this paper, we present a hybrid context-aware personalisation architecture integrating an information search and a recommendation approach. The main objective here is to facilitate the access to relevant content depending on users' contextual objectives and needs. The proposed architecture was evaluated on the INEX 2013 Social Book Search collection whose main challenge is to satisfy users' requests with the most interesting books.

A clarion call or a swan song? Commentary: A crisis in comparative psychology: where have all the undergraduates gone?

A clarion call or a swan song? Commentary: A crisis in comparative psychology: where have all the undergraduates gone?

Plants of the Araceae family for malaria and related diseases: a review

ABSTRACTIn the current work we performed a review of the Araceae family species traditionally used to treat malaria and its symptoms. The aim is to reveal the large number of antimalarial Araceae species used worldwide and their great unexplored potential as sources of antimalarial natural products. The SciFinder Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google books search engines were consulted. Forty-three records of 36 species and 23 genera of Araceae used for malaria and symptoms treatment were found. The neotropical genera Philodendron Schott and Anthurium Schott were the best represented for the use in the treatment of malaria, fevers, liver problems and headaches. Leaves and tubers were the most used parts and decoction was the most common preparation method. The extracts of Araceae species inhibit the in vitro growth of the human malaria parasite, the Plasmodium falciparum Welch, and significant median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for extracts of guaimbê-sulcado (Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) Schott), aninga (Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott), Culcasia lancifolia N.E. Br. and forest anchomanes (Anchomanes difformis (Blume) Engl.) have been reported demonstrating the antimalarial and cytotoxicity potential of the extracts and sub-fractions. In the only report about the antimalarial components of this family, the neolignan polysyphorin and the benzoperoxide rhaphidecurperoxin presented strong in vitro inhibition of the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodiumfalciparum (IC50 = 368-540 ng/mL). No live study about antimalarial activity in animal models has been conducted on a species of Araceae. More bioguided chemical composition studies about the in vitro and also thein vivo antimalarial activity of the Araceae are needed in order to enhance the knowledge about the antimalarial potential of this family.

Preventive Care for Gastrointestinal Disorders; Role of Herbal Medicines in Traditional Persian Medicine

Context: Preventive care is a basic rule in current medical practice and traditional Persian medicine (TPM) scholars have introduced a large amount of publications in this valued field. According to TPM principles, healthy stomach has a significant role in providing a fit body and herbal medicines are capable of helping stomach perform this role. Evidence Acquisition: A wide-ranging search in main TPM books and web engines was performed to compare preventive care in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases through a librarian review study. Results: There is a close interaction between GI system and other body systems; any ailment in a system could result in dysfunction of stomach and vice versa. There are various herbal medicines that help achieving a healthy stomach following a seven-part preventive rule and in this article, we briefly reviewed some of them such as amla, clove, lemon, black mustard, saffron, ginger, aloe, and mastic. Conclusions: Following a simple seven-part rule of healthy stomach will result in balanced GI function and a healthy body. Properly consumption of recommended TPM herbal medicines could reinforce the stomach and a healthy GI system through preventive mechanisms.

How I Met My Publisher: Casual and Serial Intermediaries in First-Time Authors’ Publication in the Italian Literary Field

Which cultural intermediaries are involved in the search for, and selection of, aspiring authors in the Italian book publishing industry? What do they do and why? I provide an in-depth description of cultural intermediaries involved in book production, based on a study of the Italian literary field, which has been characterised in recent years by an intense search for successful books by first-time authors. I find that two types of intermediaries are involved in the book pre-selection process: casual intermediaries who occasionally build on their position within the field to broker manuscripts between aspiring authors and publishers, and serial intermediaries who choose repeatedly to act as gatekeepers. Both types of intermediaries are rewarded with social capital, whereas serial intermediaries earn symbolic capital as well. Publishers rely on the same intermediaries for the selection of both literary and popular fiction. Cooperation among agents in the field is more common than expected.

Book Review: Night Bus to the Afterlife

Bus to the Afterlife. By Peter Cooley. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Carnegie Mellon University Press, 2014. 68 pp. $15.95 (paper).Night Bus to the Afterlife is Peter Cooley s ninth book of poetry, all published by Carnegie Mellon University Press. His latest collection is dedicated to, among others, the people of New Orleans. Many of the poems here are explorations of and meditations on the effects of Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall at New Orleans in 2005. It struck with a storm surge that killed almost two thousand people, most of them vulnerable senior citizens. Ninety percent of New Orleans was under flood water, which was twenty feet deep in places. Beyond the statistics that describe Katrina, how are we to understand and respond to natural disasters like these?Cooleys book searches for answers to many of the questions posed by Katrina. He asks the hard questions and occasionally provides tentative answers, as in the opening dialogue of the first poem, See a City in Tears: he said unto me: do you see? / Then I answered: I see only darkness (p. 11). each of the poet's answers Cooley's interrogator repeatedly asks, What else?-demanding that the poet see more, understand more, and describe this understanding, until the poet begins to realize why he has been spared. The poet asks, Why do you persecute me to write this? Whether the strong tensions in this dialogue are between two sides of Cooley's personality or between the divine and the human is left unstated for the reader. Strong poetry such as this asks its readers to wrestle with the difficult questions. And the difficult questions must be articulated again and again, if they are to lead to greater understanding.W. B. Yeats also wrestled repeatedly with spiritual difficulties. Cooley boldly recalls one of Yeats's best-known poems, Sailing to Byzantium, with his own poem by the same name, in which he addresses Yeats directly, asking, What do you think of these words? (p. 24). Yeats, of course, remains as distant, and as near, as his 1928 collection of poems, The Tower. Byzantine echoes and more questions reverberate in Night Morning Sky, the first poem in the second section of the book, and the longest-a poem that, arguably, serves as a centering prayer for the entire collection: To be open to receive the spirit. / Easily said: just writing down the words. / But it may not come as we would have it / in some Byzantine icon of the Christ (p. …

Library Application and Book Return Schedule Reminder using Short Message Service (SMS) at State Vocational School of Jenawi

The Library of the State Vocational School of Jenawi implements a manual database system where the transaction process is slow and inefficient. The frequent delay in returning books also adds to the problems. This study aims to build a library application that manages library data, including member data, borrowing-returning books data, calculating fines for returning books, and book searches. The method used is SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) which consists of the analysis, design, implementation and testing. The application built with Delphi can manage library data, handle book circulation, and automatically send Short Message Service (SMS) to the borrower as a reminder of the book's return schedule.