Book Press Research Articles

«ПАЛІТРА ДРУКУ»: МІЖДИСЦИПЛІНАРНИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ДЛЯ «ОДНОДУМЦІВ» КНИГОВИДАВНИЧОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the research</em></strong><em> is to outline the socio-functional purpose of the analyzed press, in particular its advertising and promotional functions, and the issues and topics relevant for the given period; to reveal the relationship between the typological characteristics of the publication and the genre palette of publications.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology</em></strong><em> – the research used a complex of scientific methods: historical – to determine the nature of the transformation of the press as an object of study in Ukrainian journalism and press studies; contextual – to study the influence of socio-political, cultural, market factors on the formation of the system of thematic and classification complexes of the magazine; analytical-synthetic processing of information and generalization – to identify typological, functional and structural features of the journal of the outlined subject; content analysis with elements of discursive analysis - to establish the interdependence between typological characteristics and the classification organization of the publication, their content; for the outline and interpretation of an array of texts of various genres and various topics, on the basis of which the main trends in the formation of the contemporary literary and publishing process and the book market in general are considered; comparative - for the analysis of the annual press printing of different years; descriptive-analytical – to identify factors characteristic of the journalistic way of reflecting on the defining phenomena and processes of the contemporary book market; systemic – to determine the place of the analyzed «Print Palette» in the system of book periodicals of the contemporary Ukrainian press in general, its role in forming the foundation for modern thematically specialized media.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> It is summarized that in 1994, a scientific and practical magazine was founded – «Palette of printing» (Lviv), which turned out to be one of the most durable among the magazines of the «generation of the 1990s»: the publication existed for more than 15 years </em><em>–</em><em> until 2006, respectively. And although, together with the monthly publication of the Book Chamber of Ukraine named after Ivan Fedorov «Bulletin of the Book Chamber» founded in 1996, it formed a typological group of periodicals of a scientific and practical nature that is close to the one under study, oriented mostly to specialists of several related specialties: of publishing, printing and book distribution, however, the materials of «Print Palettes» were readily read by non-specialists as well – the «book» subject always attracted its cultural «aura», and many publications were of a popular science rather than a scientific nature. With this in mind, we included the magazine «Palitra Pricha» in the circle of research presses as an example of adaptability to market conditions, effective use of the possibilities of specialized press printing as a carrier of advertising information.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> New approaches to the analysis of the book press of the period of independence are outlined. After all, the book press published in Ukraine during the 1990s and 2000s is an interesting object of research, it is these media that occupy a special place in the history of the Ukrainian press and in the repertoire of press publications.</em></p><p><em>The analysis and study of the magazine «Palitra Pricha» deepens the understanding of the principles of functioning of specialized book-themed mass media in Ukrainian society.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical value.</em></strong><em> The obtained results can be used in the educational process in institutions of higher education, which prepare specialists according to the educational programs of the fields 061 «Journalism» and for further scientific investigations regarding the study of the history of book presses of the specified period.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> book press, book press printing, specialized press, book subject, cultural subject, printed mass media, target purpose, addressability, genre-thematic characteristics, advertising and promotional functions.</em></p>

Формування типу української книжкової преси 1990–2000-х рр.: структурно-функціональні, жанрові та рекламно-промоційні характеристики

Формування типу української книжкової преси 1990–2000-х рр.: структурно-функціональні, жанрові та рекламно-промоційні характеристики

The Blister Club: The Extraordinary Story of the Downed American Airmen Who Escaped to Safety in World War II

The Blister Club: The Extraordinary Story of the Downed American Airmen Who Escaped to Safety in World War II

КНИЖКОВА ПРЕСА «ДРУГ ЧИТАЧА»: ВІД ГАЗЕТИ РАДЯНСЬКОГО ВЗІРЦЯ ДО СУЧАСНОГО МЕРЕЖЕВОГО РЕСУРСУ

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the study</em></strong><em> is to identify and characterize the trends in the formation of functional, genre-thematic features of the Ukrainian book press «Friend of the Reader», published at the turn of XX–XXI centuries, and its promotional potential.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology</em></strong><em>. The study used a set of methods, including: historical – to determine the nature of the transformation of the press as an object of study in Ukrainian journalism, to reconstruct the Ukrainian history of the formation of the press of this type (book press); contextual – to determine the influence of socio-political, cultural, market factors on the formation of the system of thematic and rubric complexes of the newspaper «Friend of the reader»; content analysis with elements of discursive analysis – to establish the interdependence between the typological characteristics and the rubrication organization of the press, their content; to outline and interpret an array of texts of different genres and different topics, on the basis of which the main trends in the formation of the then literary and publishing process and the book market in general are considered; comparative – for the analysis of the years of the book newspaper «Friend of the reader» of different years; descriptive-analytical – to identify the factors characteristic of the journalistic way of reflecting on the defining phenomena and processes of the then book market; system – to determine the place of the analyzed magazine in the system of book periodicals, book periodicals in the system of the then Ukrainian press in general, their role in forming the foundation for modern thematically specialized media.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results. </em></strong><em>Observations and conclusions presented in the scientific publication deepen the understanding of the principles of functioning of press mass media of book topics in Ukrainian society, can serve as a theoretical basis for studying the general picture of the formation of modern Ukrainian cultural periodicals. Of particular interest is the study of the newspaper «Reader’s Friend» in the context of not a specialized press, and a magazine designed for a wide range of readers with a specific thematic focus, with a focus on cultural and educational function.</em></p><p><em>The affiliation of the newspaper «Friend of the Reader» to the book press is substantiated (grounds: specialization in complex book topics as one of the areas of cultural and educational journalism; appeal to a wide readership (non-professionals and professionals) with a strong focus on a particular type of information product (bibliophiles).</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> In the article within the terminological system of journalism we introduce the concept of «book press» as a set of specialized print media (press releases), the defining criterion of specialization of which is chosen thematic focus, in contrast to common in journalism interpretation of «specialized press» as a professional field. «Book» means press releases (in particular, on the example of the newspaper «Friend of the Reader»), specializing in covering a wide range of issues related to the functioning of the book in society.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance</em></strong><em>. The tendencies common for the outlined array of press releases are revealed: movement towards massification, as a result – expansion of readership, transition to pop format, combination of socio-communicative functions aimed at meeting the needs of different focus groups (information, literary, cultural, educational, relaxation); the intensification of advertising and promotional functions in the conditions of formation of the Ukrainian mass media market is indicated. The results of the study can be used for further research and in the educational process in the training of future journalists, advertisers, specialists in the field of social communications.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> book press, press media, professional magazine, cultural journalism, readership, target audience.</em></p>

Championing Empathy, Kindness, and Justice: A Tribute to Cynthia Leitich Smith

Championing Empathy, Kindness, and JusticeA Tribute to Cynthia Leitich Smith Monica Brown (bio) Monica Brown served on the jury that chose the 2021 NSK Prize winner and successfully championed Cynthia Leitich Smith as her nominee. On the final day of the 2021 Neustadt Lit Fest, she delivered the following tribute. When invited to serve as a judge and nominator for the NSK Neustadt Prize, I was, for a moment, overwhelmed. As a part of the children’s literature world, I knew many wonderfully talented writers deserving of recognition. Then, I paused. This prize celebrates children’s literature that contributes to the quality of children’s lives. Cynthia Leitich Smith immediately came to mind. If you feel, as I do, that literature has an impact on our world, that art has work to do in our hurting world, then you know I wanted to celebrate a writer who had not only written wonderful books but one who had also impacted the entire field of children’s literature, a literary and literacy activist, if you will. A champion of empathy, kindness, and justice. Cynthia Leitich Smith immediately came to mind. Cynthia is a brilliant writer, as anyone who has read her work, especially her most recent, most transcendent novel, Sisters of the Neversea, can attest. Yet she, in that way of great and generous humans, has made it her life’s work to empower others. The late, great Toni Morrison once said, “When you get these jobs that you have been so brilliantly trained for, just remember that your real job is that if you are free, you need to free somebody else. If you have some power, then your job is to empower somebody else.” Cynthia empowers the diverse children who read her many books, and she empowers new and emerging voices in our vast—yet not so diverse—field of children’s literature and publishing. I was once such a voice. The mestiza daughter of a North American father and a Peruvian immigrant, I was an avid reader as a child, yet there were no books that represented my lived experiences, nor my family’s. I became a journalist, a mother, an educator, a scholar, and again reflected on the fact that there were few books reflecting beautiful, bilingual, bicultural families like my own. In fact, mixed-race children were and are still being described as fractions—half this, a quarter that, a concept I reject, as I believe all children contain multitudes, that they are whole in the multiplicity of their identities, and need not fit—or be forced into—boxes. Once again, I found wisdom in the words of Toni Morrison. She said, “If there’s a book that you want to read, but it hasn’t been written yet, then you must write it.” So that’s what I did. I wrote Marisol McDonald Doesn’t Match / Marisol McDonald no combina, now celebrating its tenth anniversary this year. I’ve authored many books for young readers, but I mention this early book because Marisol had such difficulty finding a publisher. The book was eventually published by Children’s Book Press, now an imprint of Lee and Low. Click for larger view View full resolution PHOTO BY CHRISTOPHER T. ASSAF I wondered, how could I support this little, oft-rejected book? And how might I help it find an audience and launch it out into the world? I turned to community. Luckily, the Black, Indigenous, Latinx, and Asian American networks of writers are generous. Mostly, we root for one another with open hearts. Someone suggested that I approach Cynthia Leitich Smith, who, already a visionary, was supporting diverse [End Page 37] writers and collecting resources for her website and blog Cynsations: Reflections and Conversations about the World of Books for Young Readers. She invited me to write a guest post and mentored me through the process. On the way, I learned more about marketing, promotion, and writing about my work. And I am only one of many who feel this way about Cynthia’s mentoring and generosity. I’d like to share Don Tate’s words. He the author/illustrator of William Still and His Freedom Stories...

Compression and impact investigation of GFRP epoxy with novel hybrid Banana-Prosopis Juliflora GFRP composite

This study investigates the compression and impact of GFRP Epoxy with Hybrid Banana - Prosopis Juliflora GFRP composite. GFRP was used as the reinforcement material, and Epoxy (LY 556) and Hardener(HY951) were used as matrix materials. The book press moulding technique fabricated composites. Compression and Impact tests were performed as per ASTM standards. G-power calculation is used for 20 samples; the mean values for group-1 and group-2 were 59.18 and 60.11, and 0.050 was the standard deviation. Based on the T-test and SPSS software analysis, Banana Fiber with 4% volume fraction of Prosopis Juliflora filler reinforced epoxy composite is statistically more significant than GFRP epoxy composite without filler in both the comparisons. The significance value should be less than 0.05, and the significant value should be 0.00 (P < 0.05) from the ANOVA analysis. The Compression and Impact investigation of NF with 4% volume fraction of Prosopis Juliflora filler reinforced epoxy composite was significantly improved than GFRP epoxy composite without filler.

Preparation of Nifedipine Push-Pull Osmotic Pump Tablets

This study aims to investigate the influence of the formulation factors on the drug release kinetics, thereby selecting the compositions of extended-release nifedipine tablet based on the similarity coefficient f2 obtained when compared with Adalat LA tablet. The formulation factors such as: molecular weight of the polyethylene oxide (PEO) and osmotic agent amount in drug layer and push layer, semi permeable membrane thickness (estimated by coating weight gain), orifice size, type of plasticizers and ratios of coating polymer to plasticizer in semipermeable membrane were evaluated. It was found that developed tablets were able to deliver nifedipine in an approximate zero-order manner up to 20 hours and drug release profile of developed tablets was similar to that from Adalat LA tablets. The developed tablet contained: PEO N10, PEO 303 in drug layer and push layer, respectively; percentages of osmotic agent in drug layer and push layer were 10% and 30%, respectively; weight gain of semipermeable coating was 12%; and orifice size was 0.8 mm.&#x0D; Keywords&#x0D; Nifedipine, GPKD, push-pull osmotic pump, PEO, Tlag.&#x0D; References&#x0D; [1] Vietnamese National Drug Formulary Council, Nifedipine, Vietnamese National Drug Formulary, 2nd edition, Medical Publising House, Hanoi, 2018, pp. 1056-1058 (in Vietnamese).[2] A. Nokhodchi, M.N. Momin, J. Shokri, et al., Factors affecting the release of nifedipine from a swellable elementary osmotic pump, Drug Delivery, 15 (1) (2008) 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717540701829028[3] R.K. Verma, D.M. Krishna, S. Garg, Formulation aspects in the development of osmotically controlled oral drug delivery systems, Journal of controlled release 79 (1-3) (2002) 7-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00550-8.[4] The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Nifedipine Extended-Release Tablets, The United States Pharmacopeia, 41st edition, United Book Press, Baltimore, 2018, pp. 2938 - 2944.[5] V. Malaterre, J. Ogorka, N. Loggia, et al., Approach to design push–pull osmotic pumps, International Journal of Pharmaceutics 376 (1–2) (2009) 56-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.04.015.[6] S. Missaghi, P. Patel P, Farrell T. P., et al., Investigation of critical core formulation and process parameters for osmotic pump oral drug delivery, AAPS PharmSciTech 15 (1) (2014) 149-160. http://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-013-0040-4.[7] V. Malaterre, H. Metz, J. Ogorka , et al., Benchtop-magnetic resonance imaging (BT-MRI) characterization of push-pull osmotic controlled release systems, J Control Release 133 (1) (2009) 31-36. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.09.007.[8] Z. Zhang, W. Li, S. Nie, et al., Overcome side identification in PPOP by making orifices on both layers, International journal of pharmaceutics 371 (1-2) (2009) 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.12.006[9] C. Wu, Z. Zhao, Y. Zhao, et al., Preparation of a push–pull osmotic pump of felodipine solubilized by mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a core–shell structure, International Journal of Pharmaceutics,475 (1-2) (2014) 298 - 305 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.033.[10] V. Patel, A. Chudasama, M. Nivsarkar, et al., Push-pull osmotic pump for zero order delivery of lithium carbonate: Development and in vitro characterization, Pharmaceutical development and technology, 17 (3) (2012) 375-382. http://doi.org/10.3109/10837450.2010.542577.[11] C.N. Patra, S. Swain, J. Sruti, et al., Osmotic drug delivery systems: Basics and design approaches, Recent Patents on Drug Delivery &amp; Formulation 7(2) (2013) 1 - 12. http://doi.org/10.2174/1872211311307020007.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Mechanical and morphological behaviour of rice husk/prosopis juliflora reinforced bio composites

Natural fiber composites with discrete filler reinforcements are extensively used over various monetary and engineering applications due to its colossal availability, and offhand processing methods. Over a few decades researchers worldwide directing on biodegradable and environmentally friendly natural fiber composites for various engineering applications. One such fiber prosopis juliflora (PJ), universally available around arid, semi-arid and Asian countries. All parts of the tree species have a wide range of usage. This present research focuses on the fabrication of Prosopis Juliflora composites filled with rice husk through book press compression mould technique and investigating its mechanical properties to grasp the filler ratio which possesses ultimate mechanical properties. Prosopis Juliflora/Rice husk/Epoxy hybrid composite (PREHC) samples with different volume fractions were prepared as per ASTM standard and its tensile, flexural, micro hardness and morphological behaviors were observed. Results reveal that the inclusion of rice husk significantly improves the mechanical behaviour of PREHC up to 45% than unfilled Prosopis Juliflora/Epoxy composites (PJEC). The proposed outcome of the research is suitable for structural and automobile engineering components.

Gaining Ground: Search Engine Optimization and Its Implementation on an Indie Book Press

This paper focuses on the historical and current day impact that search engine optimization (SEO) tools have in the context of increasing website traffic and, inevitably, online sales. It takes a special focus on the book publishing industry from the perspective of a small-scale publishing company (Company A). The paper accomplishes three things: to develop a working knowledge of SEOs and their impact on website sales and traffic, to highlight the differing usages of SEO in competitors to Company A, and to arrive at a well-informed implementation of SEO strategy for Company A. Our findings conclude that, although there are many, 3 factors are large determinants of a successful SEO campaign. These factors are: title tags, metatag descriptions, and keyword usage. As data and research are conveyed, this paper concludes with how Company A has implemented SEO into their website.

Confessional Box

Confessional Box Jennifer Martelli (bio) Burly men hoisted the saints on their shoulders and marched them through my town.Lucy, Anthony, Peter, Rocco, Padre Pio, the Madonna:saints paraded through the August streets, feathered in silvery teal bills,each bill, a prayer. Those in more pain taped bigger bills to cement robes.Once, a distant niece was dressed as an angel, hooked to a cable, hungover an ocean of hands. Once, my friend took a peace lily from churchstuck it in a glass jar on her yellow kitchen table. Cream stigm—comical, lumpy: an old-world penis. She taught me how to crochetone summer during the feasts. She said I needed to count, Make sure youfinger all your stitches & keep your loops loose so the hook goes through!My hands grew soft as the orange yarn let go its lanolin, the steelhook slippery. I crocheted a uterus, but not because I tried.Look, I said, L ook at the womb! It’s like an old holy woolen relic!She brewed strong black coffee in a tin pot. We talked about our sins. [End Page 27] Jennifer Martelli Jennifer Martelli’s collection, My Tarantella (Bordighera Press), was named a 2019 “Must Read” by the Massachusetts Center for the Book. Her chapbook, After Bird, won Grey Book Press’s Open Reading. Jennifer Martelli received the Massachusetts Cultural Council Grant in Poetry and is co-poetry editor for Mom Egg Review. www.jennmartelli.com Copyright © 2019 University of Wisconsin Board of Regents

HIRMEOS – High Integration of Research Monographs in the European Open Science infrastructure

Open Access has matured for journals, but open access uptake in the book market is still delayed, despite the fact that books continue to be the leading publishing format for qualitative social sciences and humanities. HIRMEOS, High Integration of Research Monographs in the European Open Science infrastructure, is a 30-month EU-funded project and tackles the main obstacles of the full integration of important platforms supporting open access monographs and their contents.HIRMEOS will work on innovative services on identification, entities recognition, annotation, and altmetrics, using when possible common standards. These standards are well established in journal publishing, however not common enough yet in book publishing to pave the way for deeper linking of book and journal content or crosslinking of references, entities or usage. HIRMEOS is based upon 5 Open Access book-publishing platforms, OpenEdition Books, OAPEN Library, EKT Open Book Press, Ubiquity Press and Göttingen University Press. During the run of the project these platforms integrate tools for identification, authentication and interoperability (DOI, ORCID, Fundref), for additional information and entity extraction (INRIA (N)ERD), the ability to annotate monographs (Hypothes.is), and gather usage and alternative metric data. HIRMEOS will also enrich the technical capacities of the Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB), a most significant indexing service for open access monographs globally, to receive automated information for ingestion, while it will also develop a structured certification system to document monograph peer-review. The project consortium will develop shared minimum standards for their monograph publications, such that allow the full embedding of technologies and content in the European Science Cloud. Finally, the project will have a catalyst effect in including more disciplines into the Open Science paradigm, widening its boundaries towards the SSH.The poster will give facts and figures aboutthe involved platforms and their catalogues,the types of services to be implemented and the used standards,the expected benefit for the Social Sciences and Humanities playersthe global benefits for the Open Science environment

Portable Murals: Children’s Book Press and the Circulation of Latino Art

Harriet Rohmer (b. 1938) created an independent publishing organization, Children’s Book Press, in 1975 to challenge the whiteness of mainstream children’s literature and to give inner city children alternative narratives to foster ethnic awareness and pride. The first 10 books, published between 1975 and 1978, entitled “Fifth World Tales,” became key to the non-profit’s growth into a major publisher of equitable children’s literature. This article shows how these first 10 books, ostensibly built on indigenous folklore of the Americas, also drew inspiration from the Latino communities of San Francisco, California. Most obviously, all 10 books featured the art of Latina and Latino muralists based in San Francisco’s Mission District, at the height of a flourishing community mural movement. Few street murals survived the flux of urban change, such that these children’s books represent an alternate, physically accessible illustration of this arts community, not unlike portable murals. Less obviously, it also reveals how the narratives of these books stemmed from the work of teacher and co-adapter Mary Anchondo (b. 1937) and from the parents and children of a Head Start pre-school classroom, as well as from a larger Latino intellectual community invested in myth and folklore. This article traces the unusual origins of these first 10 books, their publication as a federally funded effort to desegregate public schools, and these books as art objects of a Latino arts renaissance in San Francisco’s Mission District.

BELARUSIAN BIBLIOLOGY AND NATIONAL REVIVAL IN 1920s

Setting oneself the determination of the Belarusian bibliology development directions in the NATIONAL revival context as an object of the report and solving a problem of the definite reconstruction of the book knowledge in 1920s the author notes that the knowledge was one of the basic rests of the Belarusian national identification. Development of the Belarusian bibliology in the 1920s was connected closely with the second wave of the national revival in 1918–1929 (BSSR) and 1921–1939 (the Western Belarus). This period might be called the most fruitful period of the Belarusian nation development. Achievements of the short period surpass the whole 19th century. The first Belarusian bibliology significant achievements are connected with the first Belarusian scientific establishment “Inbelkult” (1922–1929) activities. The year of 1926 was full up the events when the solid two bibliological works were published: “400 years of Belarusian press, 1525–1925” and “Belarusian (Kryvian) book history” by Vatslav Lastovski. In the same year the Belarusian society of bibliophiles was established. The society first began to research a number of bibliological problems: Belarusian book culture, book press history, book art. A number of prominent scientists and Belarusian national revival figures paid great attention to bibliological problems. There were E. Karski, V. Picheta, B. Epimah-Shinila, M. Dovnar-Zapolski, V. Lastovski, A. Shliubski N. Shchekotichin, D. Dovgialo, S. Nekrashevich, M. Meleshko, N. Kasperovich, D. Zhelunovich, A. Stankevich. These figures were the pioneers in the field of Belarusian bibliology theory and history. After the State BSSR library opening the scientific-bibliographical and library science fields were started to be researched (I. Simanovski, J. Bibila). There was scientific discussion of Professional periodical press creation too. The study of local lore (“Nash krai”) and socio-literary (“Polymia”, “Uzvysha”) magazines as well as “The Inbelkult humanities department works» became the basic Belarusian bibliological tribune. However the Belarusian revival period was too short. In the end of the 1929s – in the beginning of the 1930s the Belarusian intellectuals tragedy took place. Many of them were called “natsdems” and prisoned or executed by the Soviet authorities. Right up to the beginning of the 1960s the Belarusian bibliology was in stagnation. The main lessons of the 1920s Belarusian bibliological heritage: in form: documental heritage is the most important constituent of national development; activities of special scientific and social centres are the powerful tools of the intellectual power concentration and progress in bibliological theory, methodology and history; professional bibliological printing is the essential tool of the knowledge development and dissemination; scientific staff training is the essential condition of successful bibiliological projects; in content: bibliological investigations became a section of historical, archival, study of local lore, philological, culturological complexes; the investigations basic directions are fixed: source study, historiography, preservation of memorials of book culture, book and book printing history, study of Skaryna, ancient book printing art, library science and bibliography, bibliophilia (ex-libristics), book culture; the research directions are defined: principles and criterions of national document identification; book typology, methods and methodology of bibliology. But the Belarusian book science achievements of the 1920s are very important. They shows the definite culture independence of Belarus.

What’s the Story? Issues of Diversity and Children’s Publishing in the U.K.

After working for almost a decade as an editor of "multicultural" picture books in the United States (at Children's Book Press and Lee & Low Books), Laura Atkins developed a particular interest in how the publication process affects books written by authors of colour (or non-white authors as is more commonly said in the U.K.). Building on previous research, including her article published in "White Privilege and Children's Publishing: A Web 2.0 Case Study,” Write4Children (Web), she here focuses on issues of diversity, representation and storytelling in children’s books. After sharing some of her personal experiences as an editor, she then builds on author interviews, in the hope of ultimately allowing editors to explore their subjectivity and preferences, which shape the publishers’ catalogues.

Pop Song Piracy: Disobedient Music Distribution since 1929 (review)

Reviewed by: Pop Song Piracy: Disobedient Music Distribution since 1929 Tammy Ravas Pop Song Piracy: Disobedient Music Distribution since 1929. By Barry Kernfeld. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. [xii, 273 p. ISBN 9780226431826 (hardcover), $90; ISBN 9780226431833 (paperback), $29.] Illustrations, bibliography, index. The author of this book, Barry Kernfeld, is best known as a jazz scholar. He edited the first and second editions of The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, has written jazz-related articles and reference work entries, and is the author of What to Listen For in Jazz (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995). The book under review is not the first one of Kernfeld's to address general piracy issues in music. The Story of Fake Books (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2006) describes the history of fake books as it evolved from Tune-Dex cards in the 1940s, bootlegged versions in the 1950s and 1960s, and culminated in The Real Book (1st ed., 2 vols. [Syosset, NJ: Real Book Press, 1973]), compiled by Berklee College of Music students and jazz composers in the 1970s and 1980s. There are several other books that address the topic of music piracy in different areas. To note just a few examples: Robert Chapman's Selling the Sixties: The Pirates and Pop Music Radio (New York: Routledge, 1992) is an overview of pirate radio in England; Lee Marshall's Bootlegging: Romanticism and Copyright in the Music Industry (London: Sage, 2005) discusses the allure of bootlegged sound recordings through the lens of romanticism; and Greg Kot's Ripped: How the Wired Generation Revolutionized the Music Industry (New York: Scribner, 2009) documents technological changes that altered the way that listeners access sound recordings, the music industry's desire to cling tightly to an outdated paradigm for distributing and selling recordings by accusing listeners of theft, as well as artists and bands who embraced digital innovations. Kernfeld's book builds upon such earlier works on the topic, and differs from them in that it provides a general overview of the music piracy in different manifestations beginning in the late 1920s. Pop Music Piracy covers three subject areas: bootlegging and piracy of printed music, pirate radio, and pirated sound recordings. Kernfeld outlines the major issues and summarizes the book in his thorough introduction. What struck me at first were the opening paragraphs, which describe the arrest of an eighty-year-old woman named Sarah Yagoda for purchasing bootlegged song sheets in 1930 (p. 1), and how that case is somewhat similar to recent litigation against other fans for accessing music through unauthorized channels. (Probably the most well-known example from the last several years is the ongoing case, Capitol Records v. Jammie Thomas; see "Music File Sharing Case Back in Minn. Court," Duluth News Tribune, 6 January 2012.) Kernfeld [End Page 349] covers this recent case in the latter portion of the book (pp. 214, 216). The main argument illustrates how these scenarios keep happening—and will likely continue to happen—within the context of unauthorized means of accessing and using music: Famous musicians and powerful music corporations want to maintain a monopoly over the songs they control and to prevent others from distributing their songs without paying for the privilege. Other people want to use these songs without paying for them and without having to accept the package they come in, that is, to use them in ways the monopolists did not foresee or take into account. A struggle then follows between the two parties over obedience and disobedience. This struggle takes different forms, but in the end has the same result. The monopolists give in. (p. 2) The rest of the introduction discusses important distinctions between different kinds of disobedient uses of music such as "equivalency" and "transformational use." "Equivalency" is akin to strict counterfeiting of an item whereas "transformational uses" involve new or creative ways to use or access music, although they technically might still be considered illegal (p. 4). While Kernfeld covers some instances of equivalent piracy, his main focus is on transformational uses. Part 1 of the book, "Printed Music," discusses the bootlegging of song sheets in the 1930s, fake books, and the photocopying of sheet music. Song sheets...

A Short History of Physics in the American Century

A brief, nontechnical history of twentieth-century physics aimed at nonphysicists is highly desirable: in that era, physics revolutionized our picture of nature, reshaped geopolitics, and bequeathed now-unavoidable ethical dilemmas. Yet such a story is difficult to tell. Its plot includes a host of characters, laboratories, and machines; seminal episodes include the Great Depression, the Manhattan Project, Sputnik, and the failed attempt to “throw deep” with the Superconducting Supercollider (President Ronald Regan's football-metaphor instructions to the developers of the supercollider in 1987). Fortunately, this book is largely successful. The title—which suggests uniform American dominance during the twentieth century—is misleading; “The Rise and Fall of American Physics”—the headline of the book's press release—better captures the spirit. This tale is less a story of a dominance than of a trajectory: the crude beginnings of American physics, its rapid ascent to its apex, and the loss of its leading role. In the first chapter, David C. Cassidy covers the early focus of American physics on applied teaching and research and how figures such as Henry Rowland of Johns Hopkins University helped inculcate a spirit of “pure” physics research. Cassidy relays key institutional developments such as the formation of the American Physical Society and the Physical Review, and the first American Nobel Prizes in physics.

Humanistic Purveyor

Humanistic Purveyor Chet Kozlowski (bio) Where Things Are When You Lose Them. Martin Golan. Birch Book Press. http://www.birchbrookpress.info. 176 pages; paper, $18.95. It's easy to like the lilt in Martin Golan's writing: his word choices are crisp and his tone effervescent. The twelve stories in his collection Where Things Are When You Lose Them snap, crackle, and pop in their examination of modern travails. Suburbia is, for the most part, Golan's milieu, and it's one he negotiates well. His characters tend to be white and affluent, and the rigors of the working day or making ends meet are not such a concern. Rather, Golan takes on matters of the heart in times of testy human behavior. He uses hefty topics—ranging from sexual etiquette to domestic abuse to the grim specter of assisted living—to catapult his people into their moment of reckoning. Golan's greatest strength shows when the characters talk; he has a fine ear for the way folks express themselves when they're damaged, or trying to break through, or seeking to deflect. His dialogue is economic and his use of dialects and teenage slang, which is no easy thing to render and into which he delves several times, is convincing. Many of the stories have a straightforward structure: a phrase or image is introduced, used symbolically to counterpoint the action, and then returns to wrap things up in the denouement. The typical narrator is a middle-aged male, looking back at a life-defining episode. This perspective can be poignant, as in "The Shape of Water," in which the protagonist reminisces about a love lost amongst the [End Page 22] emotional debris left by swinging couples in the 60s; the stirring image of his lover diving off a boat into the ocean is its central metaphor. "When Annie Fell Off the Mountain" uses its freeze-frame of a woman (also suspended in mid-air) to draw us into a story of unwanted pregnancy in the days before legal abortion, which, despite the gravity of its subject, allows for some dark comedy in the confusion that comes from juggling too many agendas and bad directions. Golan is most comfortable writing about men. In "The Loneliness of Men," married Jonathan joins his bachelor pal Roger for an uneasy night on the town at a bar "that smells damply of sex and regret." That footloose Roger is playing the bon vivant to deny a grave illness comes as a well-timed surprise that changes the mood of the piece from fratboy frivolity to one of melancholy. The pair of male confidantes in "The Perfect Woman" strolls through a snowy neighborhood by night, ruminating about collapsing marriages. The topic turns to their notion of the ideal woman, a checklist of attributes that reaches its crescendo when they happen upon a woman undressing in a nearby house. They spy on her, undetected, and the story becomes a potent allegory for being outside of life and its rewards. When Golan writes about women, he's less certain, and the results are often more interesting. "Making Sandwiches" is a wry piece in which Sharon, a housewife, busies herself with the minutiae of everyday life and casual flirtations to buck up her courage for the day's true purpose, when she'll confront her Alzhemier's-afflicted mother with devastating family news to cleanse her own soul. In "The Cicadas are Throbbing," Golan creates heartbreaking empathy for Carolyn, a newly divorced woman who finds herself the social equal to (and rival of) her budding teenage daughter, in a wonderfully volatile situation that the author handles deftly. Some of the stories are experimental. The ironically titled "Intimacy" is all dialogue, just cabbies sitting around talking, one fresh from a fare that he may have helped escape the commission of a murder. "Nora, Standing Naked" offers a multi-testimony collage ostensibly about breast cancer that ends up being mostly about, well, breasts. Several characters weigh in on Nora's physical endowments. The various male voices come off as blunt, in contrast to Nora's own, and its revelation that, despite the welcome attention from men, she is more...

The modern city and the making of sport

The modern city and the making of sport

Young Cornrows Callin Out the Moon (review)

Reviewed by: Young Cornrows Callin Out the Moon Deborah Stevenson Forman, Ruth Young Cornrows Callin Out the Moon; illus. by Cbabi Bayoc. Children's Book Press, 2007 [24p] ISBN 0-89239-218-5$16.95 Reviewed from galleys R 5-7 yrs This nostalgic yet energetic look at summertime's joys focuses on African-American city girls in South Philadelphia, where "we don have no backyard/ no sof grass rainbow kites mushrooms butterflies"; instead, "we got black magic n brownstone steps/ when the sun go down." The kids don't miss grass and butterflies when they've got street games, the ice-cream man, the corner store, and the rituals of cornrow and cornbread creation at home with their mother and grandmother. Forman's effervescent free-verse celebration (originally published in a collection of her poems) will convey the pleasures of this playful estivation to audiences unfamiliar with this block-as-kingdom world as well as to those conversant with the upside of city summers. Bayoc's paintings in opaque pigments and saturated colors focus on action; though this sometimes deprives the compositions of balance (and the kids' eyes sometimes bug disconcertingly), the style is pop exuberance and the feeling affectionate and festive. Though the squeaky cleanliness of both the streets and the kids' white high-tops emphasizes the idealization of this picture (Joosse's Hot City, BCCB 6/04, or Hesse's Come On, Rain!, 4/99, would make an effective realistic counterpoint), kids can understand taking a rosy view of summer freedom, and they'll itch to join these "fine sistas" on their brownstone steps. Copyright © 2007 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

"The sound of bamboo planted deep inside them:" Reclaiming Filipino American History and Identity in Lakas and the Manilatown Fish

This essay analyzes the significance of Children's Book Press' Lakas and the Manilatown Fish/Si Lakas at ang Isdang Manilatown, the first English-Tagalog picture book. This zany story about a "Pilipino" boy and a magic fish who race through the urban landscape of what was once San Francisco's Manilatown counters the continuing erasure of Filipino America through its invocation of an important but forgotten community. The two narratives are intertwined seamlessly, melding the whimsical and the sociohistorical. The author maintains that Lakas and the Manilatown Fish should be regarded as an act of decolonization and resistance that uncovers, reclaims, and celebrates Filipino American history and identity.