Bone Mineral Density In Women Research Articles

The influence of Visfatin, RBP-4 and insulin resistance on bone mineral density in women with treated primary osteoporosis.

The impact of the two adipokines, visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) on bone mineral density (BMD) has been analysed in various studies with conflicting results. Visfatin is highly expressed in visceral fat with stimulatory effect on osteoblast proliferation and inhibition on osteoclast formation, while RBP-4 acts as a transporter protein for retinol, associated with changes in insulin sensitivity, independent of obesity, with no consensus on its effect on bone metabolism. We evaluated the relationship between serum concentrations of visfatin, RBP-4, markers of insulin resistance and current BMD in treated postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO). Demographics, previous treatment, metabolic status, anthropometry, serum Alkaline phosphatise (ALP), visfatin, RBP-4, the HOMA IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) index and BMD were evaluated in 61 subjects with PO. Statistical analysis used SPSS v. 25.0, with a level of significance α = 0.05. Regression models were constructed to evaluate the relationship between adipokines and BMD, adjusting for covariates. In multilinear regression analysis, the strongest predictor for current BMD was a previous BMD, followed by ALP and age. RBP4 and HOMA IR were significant predictors, while visfatin had no significant effect. A significant correlation between body mass index (BMI) and BMD at the femoral neck was observed. ALP was negatively correlated with BMD and visfatin positively with RBP4. Data indicate a positive relationship between BMD and RBP-4, an inverse relationship between markers of insulin resistance, bone turn-over and current BMD. No significant effect of visfatin on BMD was observed.

Influence of square dance on the bone mineral density and osphyarthrosis and gonitis of postmenopausal women

Objective To investigate the effect of square dance on bone mineral density and osphyarthrosis and gonitis in postmenopausal women. Methods The postmenopausal women who danced on a square in the Second Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2014 to January 2015 were selected and divided into different groups by age.Each group of subjects received the bone mineral density test of their lumbar vertebral body 1-3, so as to analyze the difference between the bone mineral density of each vertebral body and the corresponding age, as well as the relationship between the age and the bone mineral density.The bone mineral density of their lumbar vertebrae was measured one year later, and the incidence rates of osphyarthrosis and gonitis were observed, thus the influence of square dancing on bone mineral density and the incidence of osphyarthrosis and gonitis of postmenopausal women was studied. Results There was statistically significant difference in the bone mineral density for lumbar vertebrae of different age groups(F=74.213, P 50-55, the age group of >55~60, the age group of >60-65, the age group of >65-70 and the age group of over 70 were (149.51±31.65)mg/cm3, (118.98±34.55)mg/cm3, (103.56±23.44)mg/cm3, (86.88±34.21)mg/cm3, (69.89±29.72)mg/cm3, (61.22±34.21)mg/cm3, respectively, which increased slightly; the bone mineral density of the age group of 45-50, the age group of >50-55 and the age group of >55-60 increased significantly(F=8.012, 3.567, 4.774, all P<0.05). Square dancing had no significant effect on the incidence of osphyarthrosis and gonitis of postmenopausal women. Conclusion The age group of 45-60 is the most obvious period of bone mineral density decline for women.Square dancing can effectively improve the bone mineral density of postmenopausal women in this age group, but has no obvious effect on the improvement of the bone mineral density of women in other age groups.Square dancing has no effect on the incidence of osphyarthrosis and gonitis of postmenopausal women. Key words: Dancing; Dance therapy; Exercise movement techniques; Autogenic training; Female; Postmenopause; Bone density; Arthritis

Changes in Bone Mineral Density in Women With Breast Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Cancer treatment-induced bone loss is an important long-term effect among breast cancer survivors. Little is known, however, about the pattern of bone loss and the factors associated with it. The aim of this study was to examine annual bone health changes and factors associated with bone loss for 3 years after diagnosis among women with breast cancer. Ninety-nine newly diagnosed women with breast cancer (mean age, 51.1 years) were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and yearly for 3 years. During the 3-year follow-up, the proportion of women who had osteopenia or osteoporosis increased from 33.3% to 62.5%. The BMD of the participants significantly decreased 6.8% in the lumbar spine, 4.6% in the femur neck, and 3.5% in the total hip, with bone loss the greatest in the first year. In multiple linear regression analysis, chemotherapy was significantly associated with bone loss at all sites, and premenopausal status at diagnosis was significantly related to bone loss at the lumbar spine. We found no significant relationship between health behavior status and BMD change at any site. Women newly diagnosed with breast cancer can lose up to 6.8% of BMD during a 3-year follow-up. Chemotherapy and premenopausal status are important risk factors for bone loss. Identification of premenopausal women at diagnosis and monitoring BMD before and after chemotherapy are key for promoting bone health in women with breast cancer.

The Effect of Breastfeeding Duration on Bone Mineral Density (BMD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background: During lactation, metabolic changes in the bone in different areas of the body may affect the amount of bone mineral density.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between breastfeeding and bone mineral density in women. Materials and Methods: In this study, articles were searched at Cochran, Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases until June 2018. The search procedure was conducted with keywords related to breastfeeding and bone mineral density. The mean (SD) of bone mineral density was extracted in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Funnel plot and Egger's test was used for publication bias assessing and I2 index were used for heterogeneity. Results: In this study, 10 articles involving 3,613 healthy women included for Meta analyze. We observed the decreasing trend in mean bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, femur neck in non-breastfeeding subgroup to 24 months or more breastfeeding subgroup. BMD of lumbar spine in non-breastfeeding women were [M: 0.96, 95%confidence interval [CI]; 0.89-1.02, P=0.000], in subgroup with more than 24 months breastfeeding the BMD were [M: 0.87, 95%CI; 0.79-0.95, P=0.000]. The femoral neck BMD in non-breastfeeding were [M: 0.80 95%CI; 0.73-0.87, P=0.000], and in subgroup with more than 24 months breastfeeding the BMD were [M: 0.76, 95%CI; 0.71-0.81, P=0.000]. In subgroup analyze, the mean BMD in Asian and postmenopausal sub-group was lower than others. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that breastfeeding have reduced effect on bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck of women, but there were high heterogeneity in sub-group analyze, so we recommended another studies in homogenous group of women.

Effect of nulliparity, Body Mass Index and residency on bone mineral density in women between 40 and 50 years in Al-Medina, KSA

Background and Aim: Osteoporosis causes adverse effects on the quality of life of individuals. We need to evaluate its risk factors in women between 40 and 50 years. Because they are either at early menopause or not reaching menopause, so the hormonal effect is minimal. Our aim was to investigate the effect of nulliparity, body mass index (BMI) and location of residency on bone mineral density (BMD) in woman aged between 40 and 50 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2018. The study included 271 women aged between 40 and 50 years, with abnormal Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. The data was collected through a questionnaire, site of abnormality and its severity (osteoporosis or osteopenia) as well as nulliparity, BMI and location of residency. Data were collected from patients’ files and by contacting them through their mobile phones. consent taken verbally. Results: 46.1% of the subjects were overweight and 53.1% were obese, there was an inverse relationship between BMD and BMI (p 0.05). Nulliparity women were78.3%, There was no relationship between BMD in spine or left femur and nulliparity (p > 0.05), but there was a relationship with the right femur (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In women, BMI has an inverse relationship with BMD. Nulliparity has an inverse relationship with the right, but not with the left femur. There is no relation between the location of residency and BMD.

The effects of concurrent training (aerobic-resistance) and milk consumption on some markers of bone mineral density in women with osteoporosis

BackgroundOsteoporosis is a skeletal metabolic disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and reduced bone strength leading to higher bone fractures risk. The present study attempted to investigate the effects of concurrent training (aerobic-resistance) and milk consumption on some markers of BMD in women with osteoporosis.MethodsFor this purpose, forty women diagnosed with osteoporosis within an age range of 30-45 years were divided into four groups of ten including concurrent training-milk, concurrent training, milk consumption and control group. The concurrent exercises were performed in ten weeks with three sessions in each week including aerobic training (running at 55–75% of maximum heart rate) and resistance training (4 move in a circle performed two times with 10 repetition maximum (RM)). Milk consumption was two times of 250 ml per day in ten weeks. Before and after treatment, BMDs in the hip and lumbar spine area were estimated with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) device and 5 cc blood was taken from a vein in the arm to determine the blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH-D) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).ResultsBased on the results, blood levels 25OH-D and ALP significantly increased in concurrent training-milk, concurrent training and milk group with higher increase in concurrent training-milk group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the right and left hip BMD in concurrent training-milk and concurrent training groups increased significantly with higher increase in concurrent training-milk group (p < 0.05). Also, lumbar spine BMD increased significantly in concurrent training-milk and concurrent training (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIt seems that combination of concurrent training and milk consumption has more efficient impacts on the BMD of young women diagnosed with osteoporosis compared to the milk or concurrent training groups alone. This treatment can be used as an effective way to improve BMD in young women with diagnosed osteoporosis.

Changes in bone mineral density in women before critical illness: a matched control nested cohort study

The relative contribution of acute and chronic factors to accelerated loss of bone mineral density (BMD) following critical illness is unknown. This study compared the BMD trajectory of women before critical illness to the BMD trajectory of women who did not become critically ill. This prospective, nested, age- and medication-matched, case-control study compared trajectory of BMD in women in the Geelong Osteoporosis study (GOS) requiring admission to an Australian Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between June 1998 and March 2016, to women not admitted to ICU. The main outcome was age and medication use adjusted change in BMD. A total of 52 women, with a mean age of 77 ± 9years were admitted to ICU, predominantly post-surgery (75%), during the study period. A greater age-adjusted annual rate of decline was observed for pre-ICU women compared to no-ICU women for AP spine BMD (-0.010 ± 0.002g/cm2 vs -0.005 ± 0.002g/cm2, p = 0.01) over the 15-year study period. In participants with multiple BMDs 2years before critical illness, a significantly greater increase in femoral neck BMD compared to age- and medication-matched controls was observed (difference in BMD, ICU vs no-ICU = 0.037 ± 0.013g/cm2, p = 0.006). In a cohort of women with predominantly surgical ICU admission, bone health prior to critical illness was comparable to age- and medication-matched controls, with a relative increase in femoral neck bone mass immediately prior to critical illness. These findings suggest critical illness-related bone loss cannot be entirely explained as a continuation of pre-morbid bone trajectory.

FRAX Calculated without BMD Resulting in a Higher Fracture Risk Than That Calculated with BMD in Women with Early Breast Cancer.

Background (and Purpose) The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of including the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) in reliable fracture risk assessment for women diagnosed with early nonmetastatic breast cancer (EBC) before AI treatment if zoledronic acid is not an option. Material and Methods One hundred and sixteen women with EBC were included in the study before initiating AI treatment. Most participants were osteopenic. The 10-year probability of hip fracture and major osteoporotic fracture was calculated with and without BMD based on clinical information collected at baseline using the fracture risk assessment (FRAX) tool. To compare data, the nonparametric tests were used. Results There was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the number of high-risk and low-risk FRAX score of hip fracture between before and after including BMD values. The high-risk category decreased by 50.9%, while the low-risk category increased by 42.9%. In FRAX score of major osteoporotic the findings were similar (p<0.001): The high-risk and moderate-risk category decreased by 70.4% and 4.9%, respectively, while the low-risk category increased by 43.8% when including BMD value. When stratified by age, patients aged 65 years or older were at a significantly (p<0.001) higher risk of suffering a hip or major osteoporotic fracture, highlighting the importance of including BMD measurements in this age group. Conclusions Our data support that DXA scanning of women with EBC should be performed to avoid overestimation of osteoporosis before AI treatment. It is particularly important in patients older than 65 years of age and when zoledronic acid is not an option.

JAG1, MEF2C and BDNF polymorphisms associated with bone mineral density in women from Northern México

Introduction: Osteoporosis is characterized by a low bone mineral density. Genetic composition is one of the most influential factors in determining bone mineral density (BMD). There are few studies on genes associated with BMD in the Mexican population. Objective: To investigate the association of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of JAG1, MEF2C and BDNF genes with BMD in women of Northern México. Materials and methods: This study involved 124 unrelated Mexican women between 40 and 80 years old. BMD was determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Genotyping was performed using allelic discrimination by real time PCR. We analyzed the SNP of JAG1 (rs6514116, rs2273061, rs2235811 and rs6040061), MEF2C (rs1366594, rs12521522 and rs11951031), and BDNF (rs6265) and the data using linear regression. Results: The JAG1 SNP rs2235811 was associated with the BMD of the total body under the dominant inheritance model (p=0,024). Although the other SNPs were not associated with BMD in any of the inheritance models studied, a trend was observed. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the SNP rs2235811 in the JAG1 gene might contribute to the variation in BMD in women from northern México.

The Use of Antidepressive Agents and Bone Mineral Density in Women: A Meta-Analysis.

Antidepressive agents are one of the fastest-growing classes of prescribed drugs. However, the effects of antidepressive agents on bone density are controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the state of research on the relationship between the use of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and bone mineral density (BMD) in women. The database searched was Pubmed. The meta-analysis included human studies in women fulfilling the following criteria: (i) an assessment of bone mineral density in the lumbar spine, the femoral neck or the total hip; (ii) a comparison of the BMD of depressed individuals using antidepressive agents (SSRIs or TCAs), and a control group that did not use antidepressive agents; (iii) measurement of BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); and (iv) calculations of the mean BMD and standard deviation or standard error. Four studies were identified, which, in total, included 934 women using antidepressive agents and 5767 non-using individuals. The results showed that no significant negative composite weighted mean effect sizes were identified for the comparisons between SSRI users and non-users. Similarly, no significant negative composite weighted mean effect sizes were identified for the comparisons between TCA users and non-users, indicating similar BMD in SSRI or TCA users and non-users. The meta-analysis shows that the association between antidepressant medication and bone mineral density has not been extensively researched. Only four studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The global result of the literature review and meta-analysis was that the use of antidepressive agents was not associated with lower or higher BMD. This result applies to both SSRIs and TCAs and to all measurement locations (lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip).

Bone resorption and bone metastasis risk

Breast cancer tumors have a tendency to metastasize to the bone. After development of a bone metastasis, the median survival time is 40 months. Currently, little is known about the modifiable risk factors for developing bone metastases in women diagnosed with breast cancer. One possible modifiable risk factor is increased bone resorption. Increased bone resorption is caused by an imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts favoring osteoclast-driven bone resorption. Osteoclast activity results in the release of growth factors from the bony matrix that are requirement for successful breast cancer tumor cell proliferation within the bone. Mice studies have shown that mice that have been genetically engineered to have higher bone mineral density, and thus lower bone resorption, have a decreased incidence of bone metastases. Alternatively, mice genetically engineered to have lower bone mineral density or increased bone resorption have a higher incidence of bone metastases. In human studies, antiosteoporotic drugs have been shown to decrease osteoclast activity and prevent bone metastases. These studies suggest that increased osteoclast activity, which results in low bone mineral density, may be a modifiable risk factor for developing bone metastases in women with breast cancer. Women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer develop low bone mineral density in response to the direct effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on bone cells—including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes—and through the decrease in circulating estrogen as a result of chemotherapy-induced ovarian dysfunction. Therefore, it is important for future studies to determine the risk of developing bone metastases associated with increasing bone resorption as measured by low or decreasing bone mineral density in women diagnosed with breast cancer, as well as to determine the best intervention(s) to promote a balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts to favor osteoblast activity during chemotherapy treatment.

Relationships between hormonal parameters, body fat distribution and bone mineral density in women with menstrual disorders

Relationships between hormonal parameters, body fat distribution and bone mineral density in women with menstrual disorders

Long-term Effect of Elagolix on Bone Mineral Density in Women with Endometriosis-Associated Pain [38G

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the long-term effect of elagolix, an oral, non-peptide GnRH antagonist, on bone mineral density (BMD) in two 6-month (M) extension studies (Elaris EM-III and IV) of the pivotal, 6M, phase 3 studies (12M overall treatment with 150mg once daily [QD] or 200mg twice daily [BID]). METHODS: Women with moderate/severe endometriosis-associated pain and a baseline BMD Z-score &gt;-1.5 were randomized to receive elagolix in the pivotal studies and continued elagolix treatment in the extension studies (treated: Elaris EM-III, n=287; Elaris EM-IV, n=282). Total hip BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and reviewed/evaluated by a blinded central reader. Baseline was before dosing in pivotal studies. RESULTS: After 6M of elagolix treatment in the pivotal studies, the proportion of women with a decrease in total hip BMD ≥8% ranged 0–1.1% across doses/studies; these women were not eligible for extension study. Following 12M treatment, the proportion of women with a total hip BMD decrease from baseline ≥8% was 1.8% (n=2) at 150mg QD and 0.9% (n=1) at 200mg BID in Elaris EM-III and 0% (n=0) at 150mg QD and 4.6% (n=5) at 200mg BID in Elaris EM-IV. For total hip, the mean BMD Z-score at extension-M6 was within the normal range of -2.0 to +2.0 across doses/studies; no women had a total hip BMD Z-score ≤-2. CONCLUSION: In women with endometriosis-associated pain, long-term elagolix treatment was associated with decreases in total hip BMD, while the mean total hip BMD Z-score was within the normal range and no women had a total hip BMD Z-score ≤-2.

Effects of Korean herbal medicine (Cheong-A-Won) for treatment of bone mineral density in women with osteoporosis: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial

IntroductionOsteoporosis has become a primary health problem for the aged population. Recently, the interest in natural-based drugs and the need for a scientific and objective basis to establish an effective and safe herbal formulation have increased. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Cheong-A-Won (CAW) Korean herbal medicine in women with osteoporosis for 24 weeks. MethodsOne hundred and twenty-nine women with osteoporosis (n = 129) aged ≥50 years randomly received either a total of 9 g of CAW (CAW group, n = 64) or placebo (CON group, n = 65) three times a day for 24 weeks. Outcome measures included changes in bone mineral density (BMD), T-score in the lumbar spine weeks and bone turnover marker (serum osteoclacin, C-telopeptide, urinary N-telopeptide, and total calcium) at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. ResultsAt 24 weeks, the CAW group showed significant increase in BMD (3.69 ± 9.24 mg/cc vs 0.11 ± 6.14 mg/cc, P = 0.011 < 0.05) and T-core (0.15 ± 0.37 vs 0.00 ± 0.25, P = 0.011 < 0.05) from baseline when compared with the control group. However, no significant differences were found in the changes of biochemical bone turnover marker. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the two groups, and no notable adverse events were observed. ConclusionsCurrent report suggests that taking CAW is efficient and safety for women with osteoporosis and it can be considered as a potential alternative medicine in osteoporosis.(ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02592161).

Changes in bone mineral density in women with early-onset androgenetik alopecia and their correlations with hair-loss stages: a cross-sectional study

Androgenetic alopecia is a common cosmetical condition that accompany by some disorders with high androgen level. Evaluating the possible relationship between androgenetic alopecia and bone mineral density, and its relevance with hair-loss stages were aimed. A cross-sectional study including 106 alopecia patients who also had joint complaints, was conducted on screening of recorded data regarding hair loss stages, bone mineral density and fix and modifiable factors related with bone density, such as body mass index, daily consumptions of calcium, caffeine and alcohol, smoking, birth count, daily sun exposure, usual physical activity, and hormone values including free and total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin, follicular stimulating hormone, leutinizing hormone, 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. Alopecia was classified by hair loss-scale of Ludwig. Bone mineral density in the hip and lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Stratos dR 2D Fan-Beam). Data was analysed by Number Cruncher Statistical System, 2007. Results were compared to p 0.05). We suggest that all women with early-onset androgenetic alopecia should be thoroughly investigated to the possibility of premature bone loss.

An Observational Study to Evaluate the Changes in Bone Mineral Density of Women with Aging in a Tertiary Care Centre

An Observational Study to Evaluate the Changes in Bone Mineral Density of Women with Aging in a Tertiary Care Centre

Comprehensive approach to the prevention and correction of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Because of the multifactor development of postmenopausal osteoporosis, it is important to implement a comprehensive approach to the prevention and treatment of this pathology. Along with the menopausal hormone therapy, the use of multicomponent drugs plays an important role in correcting osteoporotic changes. These drugs are aimed at compensating for deficiency and deficiency in the body of calcium, vitamin D, as well as osteotropic microelements that regulate calcium metabolism, such as zinc, copper, manganese, boron, magnesium. Complex of these components has osteoprotective effect, increases the effectiveness of preventing the reduction of bone mineral density in women in the postmenopausal period. These can reduce the risk of osteoporosis and associated complications that affect the quality of life.

Mineral density of bone tissue in women with arthrosis of various locations

Arthrosis and osteoporosis — common diseases of the musculoskeletal system in the elderly, precocious and senile age, which predetermines the study of their general pathogenetic mechanisms of development. Objective: to study the bone mineral density in women with various clinical forms of arthrosis. Methods: bone mineral density was analyzed in 282 patients over 56 years of age with gonarthrosis, coxarthrosis and spondyloarthrosis. The examined groups of patients did not differ by body mass index and age. The bone mineral density study was performed on the bone densitometer «Explorer QDR W» (Hologic) in the lumbar spine, proximal femoral area, with an additional assessment of the femoral neck or distal posterior part of the forearm. The diagnosis of «osteopenia» or «osteoporosis» was established in accordance with WHO recommendations fand using t-criterion. Digital figures were statistically calculated using the Excel 2003 program. Results: after analyzing the densitometric measurements of bone mineral density in patients with various clinical forms of arthrosis, the lowest rates were observed in women with coxarthrosis (80.4 %) and spondylarthrosis (71.4 %). In patients with gonarthrosis, bone mineral density rates were reduced by 57.2 %. Osteoporosis was found in 26.1 % of women with gonorrhea, 25.5 % with coxarthrosis, and 38.4 % with spondylarthrosis. Significant decrease in bone mineral density was found in the axial part of the skeleton (lumbar spine and femoral neck) in patients with coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis compared to the forearm bones (p < 0.05). In the case of spondylarthrosis, the decrease in bone mineral density is recorded both in the axial and in the peripheral parts of the skeleton. Conclusions: women with different clinical forms of osteoarthritis have low bone mineral density with a prevalence of osteopenia. The obtained data testify to the need for further study of the common pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of reduction of bone mineral density and arthrosis.

Relationship between bone mineral density and alcohol intake: A nationwide health survey analysis of postmenopausal women.

ObjectivesAmong a variety of relevant factors of osteoporosis, the association between alcohol intake and postmenopausal women’s bone mineral density (BMD) by using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was evaluated in this study.Materials and methodsAmong a total of 31,596 subjects, males, premenopausal women, participants without BMD data were excluded. Finally, a total number of subjects in the study was 3,312. The frequency and amount of alcohol intake were determined by self-reported questionnaires, and BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.ResultsMean femoral BMD for light drinkers was statistically significantly greater than that for heavy drinkers and non-drinkers. We observed the characteristic trends for BMD by drinking frequency; the mean BMD gradually increased from non-drinkers to the participants who drank 2–3 times per week; these participants exhibited the highest BMD. Participants who drank alcohol greater than 4 times per week showed a lower BMD. In the risk factor analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for osteoporosis (at femoral neck) was 1.68 in non-drinkers and 1.70 in heavy drinkers compared with light drinkers.ConclusionsLight alcohol intake (2–3 times per week and 1–2 or 5–6 glasses per occasion) in South Korean postmenopausal women was related to high femoral BMD. Non-drinkers and heavy drinkers had approximately a 1.7-times greater risk for osteoporosis than light drinkers.

Timely diagnosis is vital: The effect of delayed diagnosis on bone mineral density in women with premature ovarian insufficiency

Timely diagnosis is vital: The effect of delayed diagnosis on bone mineral density in women with premature ovarian insufficiency