Hydroxyapatite Bone Research Articles

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion to treat degenerative spinal disease: a protocol of prospective, randomized controlled, assessor-blinded, open-label, multicenter trial

BackgroundRecombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been widely used as an alternative bone graft in spine fusion surgery. However, clinical outcome such as effects and complications has not yet been revealed for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Although previous studies have reported some results, the evidence is weak. Therefore, the purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Escherichia coli-derived rhBMP-2 combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) in TLIF.MethodsThis trial is designed as a prospective, assessor-blinded, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled study. Participants will be recruited from six tertiary teaching hospitals. All randomized participants will be undergoing one- or two-level TLIF with rhBMP-2 (77 participants) as the active experimental group or with an auto-iliac bone graft (77 participants) as the control group. The primary interbody fusion rate outcome will be evaluated using computed tomography (CT) 12 months after surgery. The secondary outcomes will be as follows: clinical outcomes (visual analog scale score, EuroQol-5-dimensions-5-level score, Oswestry Disability Index score, and some surgery-related variables) and adverse effects (radiculitis, heterotrophic ossification, endplate resorption, and osteolysis). Radiological outcomes will be evaluated using simple radiography or CT. All outcomes will be measured, collected, and evaluated before surgery and at 12, 24, and 52 weeks postoperatively.DiscussionThis study will be the primary of its kind to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 with HA in one- or two-level TLIF. It is designed to evaluate the equivalence of the results between rhBMP-2 with HA and auto-iliac bone graft using an appropriate sample size, assessor-blinded analyses, and prospective registration to avoid bias. This study will set up clear conclusions for using E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 with HA in TLIF.Trial registration: This study protocol was registered at Korea Clinical Research Information Service (https://cris.nih.go.kr; number identifier: KCT0005610) on 19 November 2020. And protocol version is v1.1, January 2022.

Fabrication of Nanohydroxyapatite-Chitosan Coatings by Pulse Electrodeposition Method

In this study, Mg–2 wt% Zn scaffolds were fabricated by the powder metallurgy method, and the effects of the porosity content on the microstructure, and the mechanical properties of the scaffolds were studied. Nanocomposite coatings were deposited by pulse electrodeposition (PED) method on Mg–2Zn scaffolds and studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersion spectrometer (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The coatings morphologies showed that optimal coating was obtained at 40 V pulse voltages, 10 min coating time and nanohydroxyapatite(nHA)/chitosan (CS) ratio = 10. The pulse-peak current density (CD), the pulse duty cycles (DC), pH and temperature were considered 10 mA/cm2, 0.2,7 and 37 °C, respectively. In optimal coating, Ca/P atomic ratio was obtained at 1.57, which is similar to the value of bone hydroxyapatite. The corrosion resistance and thermal stability of optimal coating were examined by potentiodynamic polarization and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The results showed that the corrosion rate of the optimal coating was 0.58 mm/year, which is very low and appropriate in compared to the Mg–2Zn with a corrosion rate of 2.09 mm/year. The TGA results indicated that the significant weight loss is about 23% and 14% for CS and optimal coating, respectively. The in vitro biocompatibility of the optimal coating was evaluated by cell adhesion, cytotoxicity, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays using MG63 cells. The results indicate that the optimal nanocomposite coating was highly biocompatible, making this material more suitable for applications in bone tissue engineering and to repair bone defects caused by sports injuries.

Use of thermogravimetric analysis to estimate collagen and hydroxyapatite contents in archaeological bone

In this study, we evaluate whether thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) can be used to estimate the amounts of collagen and hydroxyapatite in archaeological bone accurately and rapidly, through evaluation of twenty-four previously analyzed archaeological human bone samples. Mass losses in the approximate ranges of 300–500 °C, 220–600 °C, and 600–900 °C, correspond to collagen mass loss, total organic mass loss, and hydroxyapatite mass loss, respectively. The first two mass losses (300–500 °C and 220–600 °C) show strong correlations with independently determined collagen content; however, the correlation between the third loss range (600–900 °C) and hydroxyapatite content was poor. Thus, TGA appears to be a good technique for estimating collagen but not apatite content in archaeological bone. As thermogravimetric analysis requires small amounts of material (tens of mg) and minimal sample preparation, while avoiding the superficiality of other collagen quantification methods (e.g., vibrational spectroscopy), it appears to be a promising technique for further archaeological exploration.

Fretting stimulation enhances bone growth at the interface between hydroxyapatite coating and bone

Biologically fixed arthroplasty is limited in its development by the long postoperative recovery time and the low quality of solidity of the fixed interface in the short postoperative period. Therefore, fretting stimulation is used to accelerate the combination between bone tissue and the biological fixation interface of artificial joint prostheses. The effects of different compression loads and tangential micro-motion amplitude on the growth rate of bone tissue and the firm quality of fixation interface were studied by using two kinds of micro-motion stimuli: compression and tangential micro-motion. The mechanism of micro-motion stimulation to promote bone growth at the fixation interface was revealed. The results of binding force detection of biological fixation interface and bone tissue section staining showed that the bone tissue and hydroxyapatite coating interface had the most tendency to produce new bone tissue under compression load of 4 N. In the tangential fretting environment, the tangential fretting amplitude of ± 40 µm and the normal load of 7.5 N were the most conducive to bone growth, making the combination of bone tissue and titanium alloy prosthesis coated with hydroxyapatite more firm. The study is important for accelerating the integration and shortening the rehabilitation time after artificial joint replacement.

Development and characterization of mupirocin encapsulated in animal bone-derived hydroxyapatite for management of chronic wounds

BackgroundHydroxyapatite is an important biomedical material used in drug delivery owing to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. In this study, hydroxyapatite isolated from bovine and caprine bones was capped and used as a drug carrier to encapsulate mupirocin as an active pharmaceutical product in hydrogel formulations which were utilized in wound healing application using animal model (Wistar Rats).ResultsCharacterization of the mupirocin-encapsulated hydroxyapatite using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometer revealed the active presence of mupirocin after encapsulation. The in-vitro drug release study revealed that the capped hydroxyapatite obtained from caprine bone loaded with mupirocin gave drug release rate of 84.67% of the drug within 75 min while conventional mupirocin ointment had the lowest at 27.04% within the same time. The capped hydroxyapatite obtained from bovine bone loaded with mupirocin had the highest encapsulation efficiency of 73.67%. However, the animals treated with formulation prepared from capped hydroxyapatite obtained from caprine bone loaded with mupirocin had the highest wound closure area of 377.8 mm2, while conventional mupirocin ointment had 231.5 mm2 in 16 days of treatment. All the formulations with mupirocin except the ointment showed excellent resistance against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus of about 40 mm of inhibition zone.ConclusionsThe mupirocin encapsulated in hydroxyapatite extracted from bovine and caprine bones has been demonstrated to be more superior to the conventional ointment in the management of chronic wound conditions.

The Abundance of Trace Elements in Human Bone Relative to Bone Type and Bone Pathology.

As the global population ages and the proportion of individuals afflicted with musculoskeletal disease spirals upward, there is an increasing interest in understanding and preventing bone‐related diseases. Bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, are known to be influenced by a variety of factors including age, gender, nutrition, and genetics, but are also inherently linked to the human body's ability to produce biominerals of suitable quality. Because the crystal lattice structure and mineralogy of bone hydroxyapatite is surprisingly analogous to geological hydroxyapatite, trace element levels and exposure have long been proposed to influence the structure of biominerals as they do geological minerals (e.g., strontium substitution changes the crystal lattice of bone minerals, while toxic lead disrupt bone cellular processes leading to bone disease). Here, we explore the distribution of trace elements in human bones to evaluate the distribution of these elements with respect to bone type (cortical vs. trabecular) and bone disease (osteoarthritis vs. osteoporosis). We find higher concentrations of many metabolically active transition metals, as well as lead, in cortical bone compared to trabecular bone. When compared to patients who have osteoarthritis, and thus presumably normal bone minerals, osteoporosis patients have higher concentrations of scandium and chromium (Cr) in trabecular bone, and Cr and lead in cortical bone. Lower concentrations of barium and titanium are associated with osteoporotic trabecular bone. This survey is an exploratory cross‐sectional geochemical examination of several trace element concentrations previously understudied in human bone minerals.

Sigmoid Sinus Diverticulum-A Unique Case of Pulsatile Tinnitus.

Sigmoid sinus diverticula are relatively rare but typically cause pulsatile tinnitus (PT) in the involved ear. Occasionally, symptoms produced by blood flowing through the diverticulum are severe enough to necessitate recontouring the sigmoid sinus. Recently, a 59-year-old female was evaluated after years of worsening unilateral PT. CT angiography identified a 5 mm sigmoid sinus diverticulum near the sinodural angle. Given the severity of symptoms, the patient's diverticulum was surgically decompressed and recontoured using hydroxyapatite bone cement.

The Effect of Low-Processing Temperature on the Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Bovine Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes.

Bovine bone grafts (BBX) require protein removal as part of the manufacturing process to reduce antigenicity and, in consequence, to be safely used in humans. Deproteinisation may have direct effects on the characteristics of the bone material and on in vivo material performance. This research aimed to comprehensively study the physicochemical and mechanical properties of BBX processed at low deproteinisation processing temperatures. Cubes of bovine bone (8 mm3) were treated with temperatures between 100 °C and 220 °C at 30 °C intervals and with pressures ranging from 1.01 to 24.58 Bar. The samples were characterised topographically and mechanically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and uniaxial bending tests. The organic content and the chemical composition were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR were also used to quantitatively determine the specimen crystallinity. Increasing temperature/pressure was associated with decreasing protein levels and compressive strength and increasing surface irregularities and crystallinity. The findings suggest that low-temperature processed bone is likely to exhibit a rapid in vivo degradation rate. The deproteinisation temperature can be adjusted to tailor the graft properties for specific applications.

Surgical therapy of peri-implantitis with adjunctive hydroxyapatite and enamel matrix derivative: a 1-year retrospective case series

This case series retrospectively investigated the one-year surgical outcome of regenerative peri-implantitis therapy using a hydroxyapatite (HA) bone substitute material in combination with enamel matrix derivate (EMD) and collagen membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Data-sheets of patients were screened to detect patients who received identical regenerative peri-implantitis-therapy with surface decontamination and GBR applying HA, EMD and a collagen membrane under broad-spectrum antibiotic regime. For inclusion, information on pre- and postoperative clinical and radiographic parameters (probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration (SUPP) and the radiological bone level (RBL)) had to be available for statistical analysis. Data of a total of 11 patients (20 implants) were extracted out of 202 (336). All implants were still in function after one year. Bone defects decreased by an average of 1.3 mm mesially and 0.9 mm distally, respectively. Mean PPD was reduced from 4.9 mm to 2.7 mm. BOP decreased from 90% to 20%. Suppuration decreased from 65% to 0%. Based on the success criteria applied, 15 of the 20 (75%) implants included were considered as successfully treated after 1 year. Regenerative peri-implantitis therapy according to the presented concept showed promising clinical and radiographic outcomes after one year. To estimate the beneficial effects of the combined use of HA, EMD and collagen membranes, further long-term investigations with a control group are needed.
 Accepted for publication: January 7, 2022
 Published online: January 12, 2022

Surgical therapy of peri-implantitis with adjunctive hydroxyapatite and enamel matrix derivative: a 1-year retrospective case series.

This case series retrospectively investigated the one-year surgical outcome of regenerative peri-implantitis therapy using a hydroxyapatite (HA) bone substitute material in combination with enamel matrix derivate (EMD) and collagen membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Data-sheets of patients were screened to detect patients who received identical regenerative peri implantitis-therapy with surface decontamination and GBR applying HA, EMD and a collagen membrane under broad- spectrum antibiotic regime. For inclusion, information on pre- and postoperative clinical and radiographic parameters (probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration (SUPP) and the radiological bone level (RBL)) had to be available for statistical analysis. Data of a total of 11 patients (20 implants) were extracted out of 202 (336). All implants were still in function after one year. Bone defects decreased by an average of 1.3 mm mesially and 0.9 mm distally, respectively. Mean PPD was reduced from 4.9 mm to 2.7 mm. BOP decreased from 90% to 20%. Suppuration decreased from 65% to 0%. Based on the success criteria applied, 15 of the 20 (75%) implants included were considered as successfully treated after 1 year. Regenerative peri-implantitis therapy according to the presented concept showed promising clinical and radiographic outcomes after one year. To estimate the beneficial effects of the combined use of HA, EMD and collagen membranes, further long term investigations with a control group are needed.

The Effect of Low-Temperature Thermal Processing on Bovine Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes, toward Bone Cell Interaction and Differentiation.

Ideal bone grafting scaffolds are osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and encourage osteogenesis through the remodeling processes of bone resorption, new bone formation, and successful integration or replacement; however, achieving this trifecta remains challenging. Production methods of bone grafts, such as thermal processing, can have significant effects on the degree of cell-surface interactions via wide-scale changes in the material properties. Here, we investigated the effects of small incremental changes at low thermal processing temperatures on the degree of osteoclast and osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Bovine bone scaffolds were prepared at 100, 130, 160, 190, and 220 °C and compared with a commercial control, Bio-Oss®. Osteoclast attachment and activity were significantly higher on lower temperature processed bone and were not present ≥190 °C. The highest osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were obtained from treatments at 130 and 160 °C. Similarly, qRT2-PCR assays highlighted osteoblasts attached to bone processed at 130 and 160 °C as demonstrating the highest osteogenic gene expression. This study demonstrated the significant effects of small-scale processing changes on bone graft materials in vitro, which may translate to a tailored approach of cellular response in vivo.

Enhanced bone regeneration by Aloe vera gel conjugated barnacle cement protein composite hyaluronic acid hydrogel based hydroxyapatite derived from cuttlefish bone

Injectable Aloe vera gel W (AGW®)-conjugated Barnacle Cement Protein (BCP) composite Hyaluronic Acid (HA) hydrogels provide local periodontal tissue for bone filling in periodontal surgery. We developed a novel type of injectable self-supported hydrogel (2 mg/ml of AGW®-BCP/HA) based cuttlefish bone derived hydroxyapatite (CBH) for dental graft, which could good handling property, biodegradation or biocompatibility with the hydrogel disassembly and provided efficient cell adhesion activity and no inflammatory responses. Herein, the aim of this work was to evaluate bone formation following implantation of CBH and collagen membrane in rabbit calvarias defects. Eight male New Zealand rabbits were used and four circular calvarias defects were created on each animal. Defects were filled with different graft materials: 1) collagen membrane, 2) collagen membrane with CBH, 3) collagen membrane with bovine bone hydroxyapatite (BBH), and 4) control. The animals were sacrificed after 2 and 8 weeks of healing periods for histologic analysis. Both sites receiving CBH and BBH showed statistically increased augmented volume and new bone formation (p<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in new bone formation between the CBH, BBH and collagen membrane group at all healing periods. Within the limits of this study, collagen membrane with CBH was an effective material for bone formation and space maintaining in rabbit calvarias defects.

The Mechanosensory Role of Osteocytes and Implications for Bone Health and Disease States.

Bone homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. This process is primarily controlled by the most abundant and mechanosensitive bone cells, osteocytes, that reside individually, within chambers of porous hydroxyapatite bone matrix. Recent studies have unveiled additional functional roles for osteocytes in directly contributing to local matrix regulation as well as systemic roles through endocrine functions by communicating with distant organs such as the kidney. Osteocyte function is governed largely by both biochemical signaling and the mechanical stimuli exerted on bone. Mechanical stimulation is required to maintain bone health whilst aging and reduced level of loading are known to result in bone loss. To date, both in vivo and in vitro approaches have been established to answer important questions such as the effect of mechanical stimuli, the mechanosensors involved, and the mechanosensitive signaling pathways in osteocytes. However, our understanding of osteocyte mechanotransduction has been limited due to the technical challenges of working with these cells since they are individually embedded within the hard hydroxyapatite bone matrix. This review highlights the current knowledge of the osteocyte functional role in maintaining bone health and the key regulatory pathways of these mechanosensitive cells. Finally, we elaborate on the current therapeutic opportunities offered by existing treatments and the potential for targeting osteocyte-directed signaling.

Effect of Laser Bio stimulation and Bone Graft in Treatment of a Large Periapical Lesion – A CBCT Analysis

Nonsurgical endodontic treatment is a definitive predictable treatment option in most cases, but endodontic surgery may be indicated for teeth with persistent peri apical pathosis unresponsive to non-surgical approaches. This paper reports the one case of bone healing after peri apical surgery using laser biostimulation and hydroxyapatite bone graft assessed using CBCT analysis. Each case was evaluated using Pre-operative CBCT. Post treatment evaluation was done clinically, radiographically and by CBCT analysis.

Development and Analysis of a Hydroxyapatite Supplemented Calcium Silicate Cement for Endodontic Treatment.

Aim: To develop an endodontic cement using bovine bone-derived hydroxyapatite (BHA), Portland cement (PC), and a radiopacifier. Methods: BHA was manufactured from waste bovine bone and milled to form a powder. The cements were developed by the addition of BHA (10%/20%/30%/40% wt), 35% wt, zirconium oxide (radiopacifier) to Portland cement (PC). A 10% nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) cement containing PC and a radiopacifier, and a cement containing PC (PC65) and a radiopacifier were also manufactured as controls. The cements were characterised to evaluate their compressive strength, setting time, radiopacity, solubility, and pH. The biocompatibility was assessed using Saos-2 cells where ProRoot MTA acted as the control. Compressive strength, solubility and pH were evaluated over a 4-week curing period. Results: The compressive strength (CS) of all cements increased with the extended curing times, with a significant CS increase in all groups from day 1 to day 28. The BHA 10% exhibited significantly higher CS compared with the other cements at all time points investigated. The BHA 10% and 20% groups exhibited significantly longer setting times than BHA 30%, 40% and PC65. The addition of ZrO2 in concentrations above 20% wt and Ta2O5 at 30% wt resulted in a radiopacity equal to, or exceeding that of, ProRoot MTA. The experimental cements exhibited relatively low cytotoxicity, solubility and an alkaline pH. Conclusions: The addition of 10% and 20% BHA to an experimental PC-based cement containing 35% ZrO2 improved the material’s mechanical strength while enabling similar radiopacity and biocompatibility to ProRoot MTA. Although BHA is a cost-effective, biomimetic additive that can improve the properties of calcium silicate endodontic cements, further studies are now warranted to determine its clinical potential.

The first experience of using the biocomposite material "Osteomatrix" in the clinic of bone pathology

At CITO Clinic of bone pathology new biocomposite material Osteomatrix was used in 15 patients (mainly with tumors and tumor-like diseases) for the plasty of post-resection bone defects. Osteomatrix is composed of bone collagen, hydroxyapatite and sulfated glycosaminoglycanes. Osteomatrix is produced at CITO together with Conectbiopharm Ltd. in the form of granules and blocks. Observation in dynamics with roentgenologic control showed good tolerance of Osteomatrix by patients and distinct accelerated bone regeneration in the zone of bone plasty.

Confusion between Carbonate Apatite and Biological Apatite (Carbonated Hydroxyapatite) in Bone and Teeth

Biological apatite in enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone is highly individualized hydroxyapatite with high tissue dependency. Often, standard and average textbook values for biological apatite do not apply to actual subjects, and the reported results of analyses differ among investigators. In particular, the term biological apatite is often confusingly and incorrectly used to describe carbonate apatite. The purpose of this review is to prevent further confusion. We believe that apatite should be well understood across disciplines and the terminology clearly defined. According to a definition by the International Mineralogical Association’s Commission on New Minerals Nomenclature and Classification, biological apatite formed by living organisms is a type of hydroxyapatite. More specifically, it is carbonated hydroxyapatite, which is quite different from frequently misnamed carbonate apatite. We hope that this definition will be widely adopted to remove confusion around the naming of apatite in many research and applied fields.

Difference Between Bone Healing Process with The Use Of Demineralized Freeze Dried Bone Xenograft and Bovine Bone Hydroxyapatite Xenograft Materials

Autogenous bone graft is the gold standard for bone defects treatment, however due to their limitation and the donor site morbidity may caused many surgeons use a xenograft type of bone grafting to cope the problem. Demineralized Freeze Dried Bone Xenograft (DFDBBX) which contains of growth factors, have a good biocompatibility. The aim of this study is observed the difference in bone healing processes between DFDBBX and Bovine Bone Hydroxyapatite Xenograft (BBHAX). Bicortical bone defects were created in the mandibular corpus of 30 New Zealand White Rabbits. The groups were divided into 3 groups which the first group were treated with DFDBBX into the hole and the negative control group was left perforated. The other group was treated with BBHAX. All group were evaluated after second and fourth weeks to count the ammount of osteoblast, osteoclast cells, Collagen-1 (Coll-1) and alkalin phosphatase (ALP). The second week of observation showed a significant difference of mean 12,45, SD 2,97 (p<0,05) in osteoblast cells. In Coll-1 showed with mean 13,2 SD 2,68 (p<0,05). The result of ALP showed with mean 14,6 SD 2,70 (p<0,05). In the the fourth week observation showed increased of osteoclast cells with mean 7,043, SD 2,77 (p< 0,05) and for Coll-1 with mean 17,6, SD 2,30 (p< 0,05). DFDBBX showed more effective in treating bone defects of mandible of new zealand white rabbits in second week of observation.

Study of hydroxyapatite based on Aceh's bovine bone coating on 314L stainless steel as a candidate for coating dental implant materials

ABSTRACT The use of hydroxyapatite (HAp) based on Aceh's bovine bone has been studied as a candidate for thecoating dental implant materials. In this study, the effect of sintering temperature and viscosity on the thickness ofthe hydroxyapatite layer on the 316L stainless steel plaque was observed. The hydroxyapatite was synthesized frombovine bone and then coated on the plate using the dip-coating method. Then, the plate surface was dried at 110 ºCfor 30 minutes and sintered with various temperatures of 500, 600, 700, and 800 ºC for 1 hour. The plate that hasbeen coated with hydroxyapatite was characterized using a thickness meter to measure the thicknesses of the layer.The water composition of 10 grams/L had a better effect on the thickness of the implant material coated with HApbeef bone compared to the water composition of 4, 6, and 8 (gram/L) (p0.05). On the other hand, the temperaturefactor did not affect changes in the thickness of the implant material (p0.05). The higher water composition (10grams/L) resulted in a decrease in the thickness of the implant material coated with beef bone HAp. KEYWORDS: Hydroxyapatite, sintering temperature, viscosity, dip-coating, thickness, coating dental implant

The influence of various coatings of hydroxyapatite bone carrier on the success of bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects: Histomorphometric and histological analysis

Background/Aim. The materials used nowadays for bone replacement do not fully meet the requirements for complete regeneration, which is why new ones are being tested. Despite numerous attempts to improve bone tissue regeneration, no fulfilling material has been found yet. This study investigated the influence of poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as coatings for hydroxyapatite (HAP) bone carriers on bone tissue regenerative potential in rabbits? calvarial defect. Methods. Calvarial defects measuring 6 mm in diameter were made in 19 skeletally mature rabbits. Defects were filled with one of the following materials: PLGA coated HAP (HAP + PLGA), PEI coated HAP (HAP + PEI), and bovine HAP ? Bio-Oss? (positive control). Unfilled defects represented negative control. Histological analysis was performed in order to determine the inflammatory response of the host tissue. The formation of the new bone was evaluated using histomorphometric analysis. All analyses have been conducted in samples obtained 3, 6, and 9 weeks after implantation. Results. Three weeks post-implantation, a trend toward increased healing in the HAP + PLGA group compared to other investigated materials was noticed, with no statistically significant difference between the study groups (p > 0.05). However, after 6 and 9 weeks, significant healing was observed in favor of the HAP coated with PLGA compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Within this group, greater bone healing was observed compared to the HAP + PEI and Bio-Oss? groups. Conclusion. PLGA demonstrated greater coating potential compared to PEI with respect to osteogenesis improvement in bone reconstructive surgery.