Tensile Bond Strength Research Articles

Effect of adhesive systems, direct resin composites and artificial aging on tensile bond strength between different resin composites and human dentin

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of universal, flowable and bulk-fill resin composites on dentin using different adhesive systems and after artificial aging. Materials and methods 360 extracted human wisdom teeth were prepared to specimens and divided into 36 groups (n=10). One half of the specimens (180) were treated by using one-step adhesive systems and the other half (180) with multi-step adhesive systems. Sleeves where placed on the dentin and filled with either universal, flowable or bulk-fill resin composite. Tensile bond strengths were measured after 24 h water storage and after thermal cycling (10,000x, 5°C–55 °C). Fracture types were analyzed by stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, three- and one-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffe post-hoc test, unpaired two-sample t-test and Chi2 test (p Results The type of the resin composite had the strongest influence on tensile bond strength (partial eta squared ηP2=0.648, p Conclusion The combination of flowable resin composites and multi-step adhesives is recommended. The high number of cohesive fractures in the flowable groups underlines the strong adhesion of flowable resin composites to dentin.

Investigation and Practical Application of Silica Nanoparticles Composite Underwater Repairing Materials

Repairing materials are well-known to play an important role in rehabilitating and extending the service life for hydraulic concrete structures. However, current underwater repairing materials possess several problems, including insufficient bond tensile strength, inconsistency with the deformation of the old substrate, and insufficient underwater self-sealing ability. In the present paper, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate the influence of silica nanoparticles (SNs) on the properties of underwater composite-repairing materials. The underwater deformation, impermeability, bond tensile strength, and compressive strength of the SN-modified underwater composite-repairing materials were used as the properties’ evaluation indices. The results show that, within a certain range, the performance of the repairing material increase with increased SN percent. The deformability, impermeability grade, underwater bond tensile strength, and compressive strength of the SN-modified composite underwater repairing materials are 2.2%, 8, 2.91 MPa, and 115.87 MPa, respectively, when the mass ratio of the mortar, the curing agent and the SNs is 8:1:0.002. The proposed material is employed to repair the dam for a hydropower station in Guizhou province, China. Results show the seepage discharge is reduced by 8.6% when the dam is repaired. The annual average generating capacity is increased by 1.104 × 105 kWh. Meanwhile, CO2 and NOx emissions are reduced by 1.049 × 105 and 220.8 kg annually, respectively.

Flexural test as an alternative to tensile test for bond strength of resin cement to zirconia

ObjectiveThere has been a great many technical difficulties in measuring the bond strengths between brittle dental substrates and materials, especially in preparing specimens. This study evaluated the validity of the relatively easy flexural bond strength (FBS) test in measuring bond strength of resin cement to zirconia as an alternative to the cumbersome tensile bond strength (TBS) and micro-tensile bond strength (MTBS) tests. Materials and methodsThe FBS and TBS of resin cement to zirconia were measured experimentally after three surface treatments on a zirconia ceramic: air abrasion only (A), conditioning with Single Bond Universal (U) after air abrasion, and conditioning with Z-Prime Plus (Z) after air abrasion. The data were investigated using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Weibull statistics, and a theoretical simulation. ResultsIn both the FBS and TBS tests, the experimental data were consistent and quantitatively similar. First, according to ANOVA, the U group showed the highest bond strengths in both tests, followed by the Z group and the A group. In each surface treatment group, the FBS was always higher than the TBS. Second, the Weibull fitting showed the same order of strength in both tests (A < Z < U) and in all surface treatment groups (FBS > TBS). Third, the theoretical ratios calculated from the Weibull moduli agreed well with the experimental ratios of the FBS to the TBS. ConclusionThe FBS test can be an alternative to the TBS and MTBS tests in measuring the bond strength of brittle resin cement to zirconia.

Effect of steel fibers and concrete cover on bond behavior between steel deformed bar and concrete under high temperature

In a comprehensive investigation, the simultaneous effectiveness of the factors of temperature (five temperatures), volume ratio of steel fibers (three volume ratios), and concrete cover thickness over the rebar (three covers) on the compressive strength, tensile strength, and concrete-steel rebar bond behavior was evaluated. 180 specimens comprised of 45 cubic specimens for the compression test, 45 cylindrical specimens for the splitting tensile strength test, and 90 prismatic specimens for the pull-out test were made. The results demonstrated raising the temperature reduced the compressive strength such that the strength of the plain specimens after exposure to 800 ℃ declined by 71.6%, compared to that of the corresponding non-heated specimens. Moreover, at a given temperature, the presence of steel fibers improved the tensile strength. After exposure to 800 ℃, the tensile strength of specimens with 1% steel fibers in volume was 127.9% higher than that of similar specimens without fibers. At a given temperature, the use and content of steel fibers had an effective role in compensating for losses in the tensile strength and bond strength induced by applying heat. Furthermore, as the concrete cover over the rebar increased, the failure mode became more ductile. The effect of steel fibers on increasing the bond strength of the specimens with a thinner concrete cover heated at elevated temperature was greater and more noticeable. Also, the concrete cover over the rebar had an effective role in compensating for the heat-induced bond strength loss, such that increasing the concrete cover from 25 to 65 mm easily compensated for the concrete-rebar bond strength reduction for every 200 ℃ increment in the exposure temperature.

Effect of Sanding and Plasma Treatment of 3D-Printed Parts on Bonding to Wood with PVAc Adhesive.

Additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly important for manufacturing end products, not just prototyping. However, the size of 3D-printed products is limited due to available printer sizes and other technological limitations. For example, making furniture from 3D-printed parts and wooden elements requires adequate adhesive joints. Since materials for 3D printing usually do not bond very well with adhesives designed for woodworking, they require special surface preparation to improve adhesion. In this study, fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D-printed parts made of polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic acid with wood flour additive (Wood-PLA), and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymers were bonded to wood with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive. The surfaces of the samples were bonded as either non-treated, sanded, plasma treated, or sanded and plasma treated to evaluate the effect of each surface preparation on the bondability of the 3D-printed surfaces. Different surface preparations affected the bond shear strength in different ways. The plasma treatment significantly reduced water contact angles on all tested printing materials and increased the bond tensile shear strength of the adhesive used. The increase in bond strength was highest for the surfaces that had been both sanded and plasma treated. The highest increase was found for the ABS material (untreated 0.05 MPa; sanded and plasma treated 4.83 MPa) followed by Wood-PLA (from 0.45 MPa to 3.96 MPa) and PLA (from 0.55 MPa to 3.72 MPa). Analysis with a scanning electron microscope showed the smooth surfaces of the 3D-printed parts, which became rougher with sanding with more protruded particles, but plasma treatment partially melted the surface structures on the thermoplastic polymer surfaces.

Properties of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Mortar Modified by Hydroxyethyl Methyl Celluloses with Different Degrees of Substitution.

This paper studies the influence of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) on the properties of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement mortar. In order to explore the applicability of different HEMCs in CSA cement mortars, HEMCs with higher and lower molar substitution (MS)/degree of substitution (DS) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) modification were used. At the same time, two kinds of CSA cements with different contents of ye’elimite were selected. Properties of cement mortar in fresh and hardened states were investigated, including the fluidity, consistency and water-retention rate of fresh mortar and the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile bond strength and dry shrinkage rate of hardened mortar. The porosity and pore size distribution were also analyzed by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Results show that HEMCs improve the fresh state properties and tensile bond strength of both types of CSA cement mortars. However, the compressive strength of CSA cement mortars is greatly decreased by the addition of HEMCs, and the flexural strength is decreased slightly. The MIP measurement shows that HEMCs increase the amount of micron-level pores and the porosity. The HEMCs with different MS/DS have different effects on the improvement of tensile bond strength in different CSA cement mortars. PAAm modification can improve the tensile bond strength of HEMC-modified CSA cement mortar.

Orthogonal experimental analysis of the material ratio and preparation technology of single-component epoxy resin for asphalt pavement crack repair

This study conducts orthogonal experiments on a single-component epoxy resin curing system (SCECS) for repairing asphalt pavement cracks based on orthogonal table of L1837 to optimise its material proportion and preparation technology; slurry viscosity, curing of the tensile bond strength, tensile strength, and breaking elongation were adopted as the performance evaluation indices. The results showed that the mixing time, water volume, toughening agent amount, and curing agent amount are factors that have the most significant influence on the performance evaluation indices of the cured material. The optimal epoxy resin main agent, diluent and toughening agent ratio of epoxy resin base fluid is 1:2:3, the optimal PCA dosage is 20% of epoxy resin base fluid, and the optimal water dosage is 30% of the total amount of epoxy resin base fluid and PCA. The optimal preparation condition of the SCECS are 30% water consumption, 60 °C water temperature, 5 min stirring time, and 600 r/min stirring speed.

A Research on the Macroscopic and Mesoscopic Parameters of Concrete Based on an Experimental Design Method.

Concrete is a composite material that has complex mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of each of its components are different at the mesoscopic scale. Studying the relationship between the macroscopic and mesoscopic parameters of concrete can help better understand its mechanical properties at these levels. When using the discrete element method to model the macro-mesoscopic parameters of concrete, their calibration is the first challenge. This paper proposes a numerical model of concrete using the particle discrete element software particle flow code (PFC). The mesoscopic parameters required by the model need to be set within a certain range for an orthogonal experimental design. We used the proposed model to perform numerical simulations as well as response surface design and analysis. This involved fitting a set of mapping relationships between the macro–micro parameters of concrete. An optimization model was established in the MATLAB environment. The program used to calibrate the mesoscopic parameters of concrete was written using the genetic algorithm, and its macro-micro parameters were inverted. The following three conclusions can be drawn from the orthogonal test: First, the tensile strength and shear strength of the parallel bond between the particles of mortar had a significant influence on the peak compressive strength of concrete, whereas the influence of the other parameters was not significant. Second, the elastic modulus of the parallel bonding between particles of mortar, their stiffness ratio and friction coefficient, and the elastic modulus and stiffness ratio of contact bonding in the interfacial transition zone had a significant influence on the elastic modulus, whereas the influence of the other parameters was not significant. Third, the elastic modulus, stiffness ratio, and friction coefficient of the particles of mortar as well as the ratio of the contact adhesive stiffness in their interfacial transition zone had a significant influence on Poisson’s ratio, whereas the influence of the other parameters was not significant. The fitting effect of the response surface design was good.

Effect of APF Treatment Of CAD/CAM Ceramics on Bond Strength

Hydrofluoric acid treatment is frequently used for the surface treatment of ceramic restoratives containing silica. However, hydrofluoric acid is extremely toxic and requires great care when used in chair-side situations. Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) solution is highly safe and widely used for caries prevention in both children and adults by application to the teeth. Use of a safer alternative to hydrofluoric acid is desirable, so this study aimed to investigate the effects of surface treatment with APF solution combined with heat treatment on bonding to CAD/CAM ceramics. Specimens of ceramics were distributed into five groups: Group A30, treated by 2% APF for 30 min; Group AH1, treated by APF with heat treatment (at 100⁰C for 1 min); Group AH5, treated by APF with heat treatment (at 100⁰C for 5min); Group HF, treated with 8% hydrofluoric acid, and Group CO, without etching treatment as a control. After treatment, specimens were bonded with dual-cured resin cement system. Tensile bond strength was measured after 24h. Mean bond strengths were as follows: Group CO, 11.03 MPa; Group A30, 12.96 MPa; Group AH1, 14.19 MPa; Group AH5, 17.15 MPa; and Group HF, 17.50 MPa. APF treatment combined with additional heat treatment offered effective bonding to CAD/CAM ceramics

Glass‐rigid foam composite for innovative concrete sandwich elements

AbstractIn building envelopes, sandwich elements with facings made of glass currently require either adhesives or mechanical connectors. The avoidance of any connectors seems to be favorable in terms of resource and energy savings both in production and in building envelopes. The present studies are part of the development of a glass‐rigid foam‐concrete sandwich element without additional adhesives and mechanical connectors. This paper reports on the structural bond behavior between polyurethane rigid foam and float glass with different surfaces with or without applying a bonding agent. Tensile bond and shear tests show, that a sandblasted toughened glass surface results in cohesive failure of the insulation layer. The two production‐related surfaces of float glass are defined as atmosphere and tin side. Both surfaces offer an adhesive failure between the insulation layer and glass. Test specimens of glass and insulation layer without bonding agent show no significant differences between the atmosphere and the tin side. Overall, the test specimens with bonding agents achieve higher levels of adhesive tensile bond and shear strength. Light and electron microscopic studies of fractured surfaces show, that the bonding agent has a significant influence on the wetting and pore formation of the liquid polyurethane.

Effect of Nd:YAG Laser with/without Graphite Coating on Bonding of Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic to Human Dentin.

This study evaluated the effect of different surface treatments on the tensile bond strength between lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, resin cement, and dentin. Fifty truncated cone-shape glass-ceramics were divided into five groups (n = 10): G1, control: 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF); G2, Nd:YAG laser + silane; G3, Sil + Nd:YAG laser; G4, graphite + Nd:YAG laser + Sil; and G5, graphite + Sil + Nd:YAG laser. Fifty human third-molars were cut to cylindrical shape and polished to standardize the bonding surfaces. The glass-ceramic specimens were bonded to dentin with a dual-cured resin cement and stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37ºC. Tensile testing was performed on a universal testing machine (10 Kgf load cell at 1 mm/min) until failure. The bond strength values (mean ± SD) in MPa were G1 (9.4 ± 2.3), G2 (9.7 ± 2.0), G3 (6.7 ± 1.9), G4 (4.6 ± 1.1), and G5 (1.2 ± 0.3). Nd:YAG laser and HF improve the bond strength between lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, resin cement, and dentin. The application of a graphite layer prior to Nd:YAG laser irradiation negatively affects this bonding and presented inferior results.

Stochastic finite element model assessing length effect for unreinforced masonry walls subjected to one-way vertical bending under out-of-plane loading

The strength of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls subjected to one-way vertical bending under out-of-plane loading (no pre-compression) is known to be affected by the tensile bond strength. Factors such as batching, workmanship, and environmental exposure alter the strength of this bond, resulting in spatial variability for any URM assembly. In narrow wall panels a single weak joint may dictate the failure load of a masonry wall, whereas for longer walls there is higher potential for weak joints to occur and load redistribution. This paper focuses on a stochastic assessment of clay brick URM walls with spatially variable tensile bond strength subjected to uniformly distributed out-of-plane loads in one-way vertical bending and assessing the effect of wall length on the ultimate failure load. Stochastic computational modelling combining 3D non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used to account for bond strength variability when estimating the walls ultimate failure loads. For this assessment FEA MCS has been applied to a set of existing test data for walls 1, 2, 4, and 10 units long, by ten different masons. Models were also developed to consider walls in the intermediate length range, 7 units long, and walls outside of this range, 15 units long. For each set of simulations the peak pressure and load–displacement data was extracted and analysed, showing agreement with the results of wall test data. The panel strength is shown to increase with wall length from 1 to 4 units, then stabilize with further length increase. The variability of the failure load is shown to decrease with increasing wall length.

Tensile Bond Strength of Self-adhesive Flowable Composite as Pit and Fissure Sealant Bonded to the Enamel Surface in Comparison with Fissure Sealants (in vitro study)

Aims: The objectives of this study to compare the tensile bond strength (TBS) of self-adhesive Flowable composite with conventional fissure sealants. Materials and Methods : an experimental study was carried out using forty non-carious upper first premolars that were collected of orthodontic extracted teeth. The crowns separated from the roots and the buccal surface were cleaned and polished to obtain a clean enamel surface. The samples were randomly divided into 4 main groups according to the types of resin material (n:10 for each group). Group I: testing TBS for Vertise Flow, Group II: testing TBS for Prevent, Group III: testing TBS for Angie, Group IV: testing TBS for Conseal. A translucent plastic tube was fixed after acid etching application on enamel surface for 15 seconds followed by water rinsed and air dryness, the tube filled incrementally with flowable resin and fissure sealant then ready small post screws with twisted orthodontic wire gauge 0.012 inch which placed inside the tube until the serrations of the screws were embedded in the last increment and light-cured. The Samples were stored in the distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours. Tensile bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine (Electronic Elastic Strength Tester GT-C04-2, GESTER, CHINA).The values were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA and Duncan tests. Results : A significant difference in the tensile bond strength were observed among all groups (p<0.05). Vertise Flow showed higher tensile bond strength value than fissure sealants followed by Prevent , Angie and Conseal. Conclusions: The tensile bond strength of Vertise Flow better than the fissure sealant due to the presence bond (Optibond) with etchant properties.

Efficiency of Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser in Debonding Cemented Glass Fiber Posts: an in vitro Study.

Statement of the Problem: The efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er; YAG) laser on the debonding properties of certain post materials has remained largely unexplored. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Er; YAG laser irradiation on debonding of cemented glass fiber posts in root canal treated teeth.Materials and Method: In this in vitro study, forty root canal treated mandibular premolar teeth were used in this study. Glass fiber posts were bonded using Panavia F 2.0 cement in the root canal space, and samples were divided into two groups. In the test group, samples were exposed to laser radiation of 7W, 350mJ, frequency of 20Hz and discontinued washing spray. In the control group, samples were left untouched. In each group, samples were sectioned into 1.5mm thick slices from the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root (N=120). Tensile bond strengths were evaluated using the push-out test and the failure patterns were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To compare the laser and non-laser groups at each location, independent sample t test was applied, and to compare bond strength between the locations in each group, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc was applied.Results: A significant difference in tensile strength was observed between the laser-irradiated group and control group; tensile bond strength was much higher in the control group (p<0.001). The highest frequency of fractures was observed at the cement-dentin interface. Given the used parameters, complete debonding was not achieved in the laser-irradiated group.Conclusion: Laser radiation reduced the bond strength of glass fiber posts to resin cement without complete debonding.

Investigation on the performance of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose modified cement mortars with Portland cement-calcium sulfoaluminate cement binders

Dry-mix mortars with Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement (PC-CSA) binders are gradually applied in many fields due to their various excellent properties. Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) is commonly used as an agent in the dry-mix mortars to further improve performance. Herein, the purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of HEMC-modified cement mortars with PC-CSA binders. The results show that HEMC has great effects on the properties and hydration of the cement mortars with PC-CSA binders. HEMC improves the water retention ability, decreases the consistency and fluidity to bring the flowability reduction, and increases the air content consequently to decrease the bulk density. Meanwhile, HEMC somewhat extends the setting time. With the HEMC content increasing, HEMC obviously decreases the flexural and compressive strengths. However, HEMC can improve the tensile bond strength, especially at the high HEMC content. HEMC decreases the drying shrinkage, regardless of its content. HEMC retards the hydration process of the PC-CSA binders, and affects the formation of ettringite (AFt) and calcium hydroxide (CH). HEMC delays the transformation of AFt to monosulfoaluminate (AFm) and decreases the consumption of CH at later age, and the preferred orientation growth of CH is also declined. Moreover, HEMC increases the macro-capillary pores and macro pores, but decreases the meso-capillary pores.

Comparison of Tensile Bond Strength Between Fissure Sealants Placed After Rubber Cup Polishing and Air Polishing of Enamel Surface (An in vitro study)

Comparison of Tensile Bond Strength Between Fissure Sealants Placed After Rubber Cup Polishing and Air Polishing of Enamel Surface (An in vitro study)

Surface etching and silane heating using Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers in dental ceramic luted to human dentin

AbstractInvestigate the tensile bond strength, surface morphology, and wettability of reinforced glass‐ceramic etched with high power laser at different protocols and luted to human dentin. Fifty carious‐free human molars were used in this study and distributed in five groups according to surface etching: (Control [HF10% + Silane]; Er [Er:YAG + Silane]; Sil + Er [Silane + Er:YAG]; Nd [Nd:YAG + Silane]; and Nd + Sil [Silane + Nd:YAG]). After, the tensile bond strength test was performed. Three specimens per group were used to perform the surface morphologies by using scanning electron microscopy analysis and wettability by using the sessile drop technique. Failure modes were determined. Data were analyzed with two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey tests, with α = .05. The bond strength data showed statistically significant differences among tested groups for the laser and silanization technique type (p &lt; .001). The highest calculated bond strength values were obtained with Er (19.25 ± 3.70 MPa) followed by Sil + Er (14.11 ± 4.11 MPa), Control (9.42 ± 2.27 MPa), Nd (9.66 ± 2.02 MPa), and Nd + Sil (6.71 ± 1.88 MPa), respectively. The silane application prior to the laser irradiation showed an inferior bond strength compared to the conventional silanization technique. The surface etching using Er:YAG laser showed promissor results for the lithium disilicate.

Dynamic splitting tensile bond behavior of new-to-old concrete interfaces

New-to-old concrete interfaces, which widely exist in concrete structures, are commonly regarded as weak links. Hence, many researchers have studied the splitting tensile bond behavior of concrete interfaces. However, these studies were focused on the behavior under quasi-static loading. Concrete interfaces may suffer blast and/or impact loading during their service lives. Therefore, this paper experimentally investigated the dynamic splitting tensile bond behavior of concrete interfaces. For comparison, a quasi-static splitting tensile test was also carried out. A total of 46 splitting tensile cylinders were tested. Test parameters included three strain rates (10−6, 0.63 and 1.58/s), two levels of average roughness (1.2 and 2.4 mm) and two interface ages (60 and 120 days). Experimental results show that influences of the strain rate on failure modes, compressive load-deformation curves, absorption energy and splitting tensile bond strength of specimens are significant. The surface roughness and interface age have little effects on splitting tensile bond strength. Existing formulas for the dynamic increase factor of the tensile strength of concrete-like materials cannot be used for concrete interfaces. Consequently, a new formula for the dynamic increase factor of the splitting tensile bond strength of concrete interfaces is finally proposed.

Microtensile Bond Strength of Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives in Different Hydroabrasion Conditionings.

The aim of the present study was to in vitro evaluate the effect of dentin conditioning with hydroabrasion on the microtensile bond strengths of three adhesive systems, compared to the standard etch-and-rinse technique. Sixty extracted human third molars were collected, and their midcoronal occlusal dentin was used for the microtensile bond strength test. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups according to the adhesive system used: ExciTE F DSC, ENA Bond, and Scotchbond Universal. Specimens from each group were further divided into four subgroups: control specimens were treated with standard adhesive procedures; hydroabraded (HA) specimens were subjected to preventive hydroabrasion with three different intensity levels. After bonding procedures, composite crowns were incrementally built up. After thermocycling, specimens were subsequently sectioned into 1 × 1 mm sticks, and microtensile bond strengths were measured. Data were statistically analyzed. Failure mode analysis was performed. There were no significant differences in terms of bond strength between standard adhesion protocols and adhesion with HA preconditionings. On the other hand, the type of adhesive used had a significant effect on the tensile bond strength. Subgroups treated with hydroabrasion at higher intensity showed a slightly increased frequency of cohesive fractures. In conclusion, hydroabrasion can be used for dentin cavity preparation or finishing, since it does not seem to affect the bonding effectiveness.

Three-dimensionally printed and milled polyphenylene sulfone materials in dentistry: Tensile bond strength to veneering composite resin and surface properties after different pretreatments

Statement of problemPolyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) is a thermoplastic that can be processed using 3-dimensional printing. PPSU is new to dentistry, and scientific data on its properties are lacking. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to test the surface properties and the tensile bond strength (TBS) between PPSU and a veneering composite resin in comparison with a polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Material and methodsGehr PPSU (PPSU-B1), Radel R-5000 NT (PPSU-B2), and Juvora Dental Disc (PEEK-CG) substrates were cut from bulk material, while FIL-A-GEHR PPSU (PPSU-3D) was 3-dimensionally printed (N=504, n=126/material). TBS to veneering composite resin (CeramageUp) was tested initially and after 5000 and 10 000 thermocycles, and fracture types were analyzed. Surface free energy (SFE) and surface roughness (Ra) were determined after pretreatment with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) of different grain sizes (50 and 110 μm) applied with different pressures (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 MPa), silicon dioxide (SiO2)-coated Al2O3 (0.28 MPa), sulfuric acid, or polished. Qualitative surface characterization was performed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). One-way ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and the Spearman correlation tests were computed (α=.05). ResultsPPSU-3D and PEEK-CG presented higher TBS results than PPSU-B1 and PPSU-B2. Initial TBS values were higher than after 10 000 thermocycles. Adhesive fractures between substrate and veneering composite resin occurred most frequently. With a few exceptions, PEEK-CG presented higher SFE values than all other materials within a pretreatment group, while PPSU-3D and PEEK-CG showed consistently high Ra values. An increase in pressure and particle size increased SFE and Ra. ConclusionsFFF-printed PPSU-3D showed similar TBS values with the veneering composite resin to the more established PEEK. Pretreatment methods devised for PEEK represent valid strategies for increasing both the SFE and Ra of the high-performance polymer PPSU.