Abstract
The aim of the present study was to in vitro evaluate the effect of dentin conditioning with hydroabrasion on the microtensile bond strengths of three adhesive systems, compared to the standard etch-and-rinse technique. Sixty extracted human third molars were collected, and their midcoronal occlusal dentin was used for the microtensile bond strength test. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups according to the adhesive system used: ExciTE F DSC, ENA Bond, and Scotchbond Universal. Specimens from each group were further divided into four subgroups: control specimens were treated with standard adhesive procedures; hydroabraded (HA) specimens were subjected to preventive hydroabrasion with three different intensity levels. After bonding procedures, composite crowns were incrementally built up. After thermocycling, specimens were subsequently sectioned into 1 × 1 mm sticks, and microtensile bond strengths were measured. Data were statistically analyzed. Failure mode analysis was performed. There were no significant differences in terms of bond strength between standard adhesion protocols and adhesion with HA preconditionings. On the other hand, the type of adhesive used had a significant effect on the tensile bond strength. Subgroups treated with hydroabrasion at higher intensity showed a slightly increased frequency of cohesive fractures. In conclusion, hydroabrasion can be used for dentin cavity preparation or finishing, since it does not seem to affect the bonding effectiveness.
Highlights
Adhesive restorative dentistry is an area of great interest for both research and clinical practice, and new materials and clinical strategies are continuously developed to restore the structural and aesthetic integrity of the damaged teeth [1, 2]
The bond with dental tissues is based on an exchange process in which minerals removed from the dental hard tissues after acid conditioning are substituted by resin monomers that become micromechanically interlocked in the porosities upon polymerization [3]
A systematic review on universal adhesives [9] reported that dentin bond strengths of these adhesives appear not to be influenced by the bonding strategies employed, suggesting that universal adhesives should be safely used in an ER
Summary
Adhesive restorative dentistry is an area of great interest for both research and clinical practice, and new materials and clinical strategies are continuously developed to restore the structural and aesthetic integrity of the damaged teeth [1, 2]. APA is a dentinal pretreatment technique based on the use of aluminium oxide particles carried by compressed air [19,20,21], and several experimental studies have identified the effectiveness of this technique in improving the bond strength by roughening the dental surface, increasing the contact area with the adhesive system [16, 17]. HA can be used for hard tissue removal, substituting rotary instruments, achieving cavity preparation, and dentin conditioning in a single operative phase [23] Despite all these potential advantages, there is no information regarding the effects of this procedure on the bond strength of different adhesives to human dentin. E aim of this in vitro study was, to investigate the effect of HA conditionings, with different levels of air pressure and particle flow, on the microtensile bond strengths of three commercial adhesives used with ER technique. e null hypotheses were that no difference exists in terms of bond strength between (1) the standard ER adhesion protocol and adhesion with HA preconditionings and (2) the three tested adhesives
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