Bond Strength Of Resin Cement Research Articles

Comparison of bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to systematically compare the bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia. The PubMed, ISI (all), and Scopus databases were searched for the selected keywords up to November 1, 2021, without date or language restrictions. In vitro studies comparing the bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia were eligible for inclusion in the study. The selected articles were divided into four groups based on the type of resin cement and the storage time. Statistical analysis was performed using the Biostat Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2 (α = 0.05). The effect of conventional cement ( Glass Ionomer (GI), Resin Modified Glass Ionomer (RMGI) and zinc phosphate) was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The initial search yielded 376 articles, of which 26 were selected after a methodological assessment. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The results showed that the immediate or delay bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia has no significant difference with the bond strength of self-etch resin cement to zirconia. The immediate and delay bond strength of total-etch cement-zirconia was significantly lower than that of self-adhesive cement-zirconia (P = 0.00). A descriptive analysis of the selected articles showed that the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia was significantly higher than total-etch cement. The results of the meta-analysis showed that both self-adhesive and self-etch resin cement (if applied according to their manufacturer's instruction) are suitable for bonding to zirconia.

Effect of 4-META on microtensile bond strength of cements to ceramics

Background: This study assessed the effect of different concentrations of 4-methacryloyloxyethy trimellitate anhydride (4-META) added to silane on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of light-cure and dual-cure resin cement to hybrid and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 32 Celtra Duo and 32 VITA Enamic ceramics bonded to Allcem Veneer light-cure and Allcem dual-cure resin cements using silane impregnated with 4-META in 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10 wt% concentrations in 16 groups (n = 4). The µTBS of specimens was measured by a universal testing machine and analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests, and the mode of failure was determined under a stereomicroscope and analyzed by the Chi-square test (alpha = 0.05). Results: The lowest mean µTBS was recorded in the Enamic ceramic group with 4-META (0%) bonded to dual-cure cement (14.26 MPa), and the highest mean µTBS was recorded in Enamic ceramic with 4-META (10%) bonded to light-cure cement (18.59 MPa) (P < 0.001). The µTBS of Celtra Duo was significantly higher than that of Enamic in bonding to light-cure cement using 4-META (2.5%) (P = 0.003). All failures (100%) were adhesive in most groups. The frequency of adhesive failure was the lowest (90%) in Celtra Duo bonded to dual-cure cement with 4-META (5%). Conclusion: According to the results of this pilot study, the addition of 4-META (10%) to silane caused a significant improvement in µTBS to light-cure cement. The addition of 4-META in all concentrations significantly improved the µTBS to Enamic ceramic in the use of dual-cure cement; however, it had no significant effect on µTBS of Celtra Duo. Nonetheless, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the relatively small sample size.

Evaluation of zirconia surfaces and shear bond strength after acid–etching with ultrasonic vibration

To evaluate the effect of surface reaction process after hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching using ultrasound and the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement to zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic. Y-TZP ceramic sheets were divided into rinsing group (Group P), ultrasonic cleaning group (Group C), and ultrasonic reaction + rinsing group (Group CP), and all the groups were treated for 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min, respectively. The surface morphology, elements distribution, roughness, and wettability of the ceramic sheets in each group were observed. The SBS of ceramic-resin bonding specimens was tested after immersion and after cooling-heating cycles, respectively. Octahedral and spiculate products were observed on the surface of Y-TZP that was etched with HF acid in Group P. The amount of these products increased over time. In contrast, only a few octahedral products remained on the surface of Y-TZP in Groups C and CP. Within the same reaction time, the surface reaction of the CP group was stronger than that of the other two groups, accompanied by a more uniform morphology. The shear force in Group C was the lowest, and the shear force reduction in Group CP was the least after cooling-heating cycling, with statistically significant differences (P< 0.05). After the reaction time exceeded 30 min, the shear force in each group decreased instead of increasing. Octahedral and spiculate acid etching products on the surface of HF acid-etched Y-TZP can enhance the bonding force of zirconia. Ultrasonic cleaning would drive the exfoliation of acid etching products from the sample surface, leading to the decrease of the bonding force. The acid etching with ultrasonic vibration can accelerate the HF acid etching process of Y-TZP ceramics, which is conducive to improving the bond strength to resin and durability.

The impact of CO2 laser on the bond strength of translucent zirconia and traditional zirconia with the resin cement: In vitro study

Background/Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the impact of CO 2 laser on traditional zirconia and translucent zirconia in terms of the bonding strength to resin cement. Material and Methods: In this in-vitro study 20 zirconia disks (10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) were assigned to two groups (n = 10). Group 1: 10 discs of traditional zirconia, Group 2: 10 discs of translucent zirconia, CO 2 lasers were used for pretreatment of zirconia surface, respectively. Dentinal disks were cemented on zirconia disk using dual-curing resin cement. Shear bond strength tests were performed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min after 24 h distilled water storage. Data was analyzed by T Student's test. Results: The means and standard deviations of shear bond strength values in Group 1, and Group 2 were 1.15, 0.38, 1.99 , 0.65 MPa respectively. Data showed that application of CO 2 laser resulted in a significant higher shear bond strength of resin cement to translucent zirconia ceramics (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Application of CO 2 laser treatment (3W) increases the bond strength to the resin cement of translucent zirconia compared to traditional zirconia.

Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Bond Strength of Resin Cement with Lithium Silicate Ceramics

Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Bond Strength of Resin Cement with Lithium Silicate Ceramics

Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement with Color Indicator vs Conventional Resin Cement (In-vitro study)

Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement with Color Indicator vs Conventional Resin Cement (In-vitro study)

Effect of universal adhesive pretreatments on the bond strength durability of conventional and adhesive resin cements to zirconia ceramic.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment of three different universal adhesives (Single Bond Universal [SBU], All-Bond Universal [ABU], and Prime&Bond universal [PBU]) on the bonding durability of an adhesive (Panavia F 2.0, PF) and a conventional (Duo-Link, DL) resin cements to air-abraded zirconia. Rectangular-shaped zirconia specimens were prepared. The chemical composition and surface energy parameters of the materials were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle measurement, respectively. To evaluate resin bonding to the zirconia, all the bonding specimens were immersed in water for 24 h and the specimens to be aged were additionally thermocycled 10000 times before the shear bond strength (SBS) test. The materials showed different surface energy parameters, including the degree of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. While the DL/CON (no pretreatment) showed the lowest SBS and a significant decrease in the value after thermocycling (P < .001), the PF/CON obtained a higher SBS value than the DL/CON (P < .001) and no decrease even after thermocycling (P = .839). When the universal adhesives were used with DL, their SBS values were higher than the CON (P < .05), but the trend was adhesive-specific. In conjunction with PF, the PF/SBU produced the highest SBS followed by the PF/ABU (P = .002), showing no significant decrease after thermocycling (P > .05). The initial SBS of the PF/PBU was similar to the PF/CON (P = .999), but the value decreased after thermocycling (P < .001). The universal adhesive pretreatment did not necessarily show a synergistic effect on the bonding performance of an adhesive resin cement, whereas the pretreatment was beneficial to bond strength and durability of a conventional resin cement.

Bond Strength of a Novel Universal Resin Cement to Dentin with or without an Adhesive Bonding Agent: An In Vitro Study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength and fracture mode of universal resin cement to dentin compared to self-adhesive and adhesive resin cement with and without an adhesive bonding agent. Seventy-two molar teeth were sectioned to expose coronal dentin, divided into three groups, and assigned to RelyX Universal (universal), RelyX Ultimate (adhesive), or RelyX Unicem 2 (self-adhesive) cements from 3M. The 3 groups were further subdivided into 2 subgroups of 12 specimens each, with or without the use of an adhesive bonding agent. Lithium-disilicate discs were bonded to the dentin surface using the cements, stored for 24 hours in distilled water, and subjected to 2,000 thermocycles before shear bond strength testing and fracture mode analysis. Significant differences in bond strength and fracture mode were found between groups based on cement or the use of a bonding agent. Both the universal and adhesive cements had significantly greater bond strengths to dentin with the use of a bonding agent versus no bonding agent. With the self-adhesive cement, there was no significant increase in bond strength to dentin with the use of a bonding agent. The novel universal resin cement had similar bond strengths to dentin as the adhesive cement with the use of a bonding agent, and similar bond strengths as the self-adhesive cement without the use of a bonding agent. The adhesively bonded universal cement had the greatest percentage of mixed and cohesive fractures. When greater adhesion is needed clinically, the novel universal resin cement may be used with an adhesive bonding agent. However, when less adhesion is needed, it could be used without a bonding agent in self-adhesive mode.

Effect of glass-ceramic coating versus alumina air-abrasion on the bond strength and residual stress of zirconia.

To assess the effect of glass-ceramic coated zirconia versus alumina air-abraded zirconia on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement and investigate the residual stresses present on both mechanically pre-treated surfaces. A total of 180 zirconia disks, with diameters of 10mm and 5mm, were divided into two groups: DCMhotbond glass-ceramic coated, followed by hydrofluoric acid etching (DCM), and alumina air-abraded (AB). All mechanically pre-treated disks were conditioned with G-Multi Primer and bonded using G-Cem Linkforce Cement. Ninety specimens were immersed in distilled water for 24h and subsequently allocated into three groups based on aging conditions (n = 15/subgroups): immediate testing, 5000 thermal cycles, and 10,000 thermal cycles. Then, the shear bond strength was assessed, and the obtained data were subjected to analysis using a two-way ANOVA, followed by a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05). The residual stresses present on both mechanically pre-treated surfaces were examined using X-ray diffraction analysis. The mean SBS values of the DCM and AB groups showed no significant difference under each aging condition. The SBS of DCM groups was not affected by thermal cycles, whereas the SBS of AB groups exhibited a significant decrease following thermal cycles. Glass-ceramic coated surfaces exhibited higher compressive stresses than alumina air-abrasion. The DCMhotbond glass-ceramic coated zirconia showed comparable bond strength to the alumina air-abrasion technique. The DCMhotbond glass-ceramic coating technique is a promising alternative for zirconia surface pre-treatment. However, further investigations are needed before suggesting its clinical use.

Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement on the Surface of a Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic Restorative Material after Various Surface Treatments

With bonded restorations gaining rapid popularity in clinical dentistry, manufacturers have introduced a variety of bonding protocols and materials. These materials, including surface modifiers and cleaning agents, are designed to decontaminate surfaces and enhance bonding effectiveness. In this study, six different combinations of mechanical and chemical modifications were tested on a lithium disilicate surface to determine the combination that offers optimal resistance to shear stresses. The tested surface modifications included 9% hydrofluoric acid, sandblasting with 29 μm aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles, Ivoclean (a recently introduced decontamination agent), Monobond Etch &amp; Prime (a one-stage etching and priming agent for ceramic surfaces), Monobond Plus (a silane agent), and the bonding agent Adhese Universal. Six different sequence combinations were tested and compared to the negative control group. The highest bond strength was achieved using all materials and cleansing methods in a logical order, while the bond strength was lowest in the absence of surface modification (control group). The results indicate a significantly positive influence on bond strength of silane coupling agents present in surface modifiers, including pure forms like Monobond Plus. Potential negative effects of cleansing agents or methods on bond strength were not observed. Multiple and separate stages in the treatment of the lithium disilicate surface positively impact bond strength. Cleansing agents may prove beneficial in clinical conditions, and they do not interfere with bonding.

Effect of ER: YAG Laser Treatment on the Bond Strength of Self-adhesive Resin Cements on Contaminated and Non-contaminated Dentin Surface

Background: Nowadays, lasers are used to modify the surface of dentin and enamel and improve the surface bond with resin cement while contamination weakens this bond. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different contamination types on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of two self-adhesive resin cements to dentin with/without laser treatment. Methods: One-hundred and twenty molar teeth were prepared and randomly divided into three groups: blood, saliva, and control. In the blood group, blood was applied to the samples for 10 seconds; in the saliva group, saliva was applied to the samples for 10 seconds; and in the control group, distilled water was applied to the samples. Each group was further divided into two subgroups; in one, the Er: YAG laser was applied to samples for 5 seconds, and in the other, no laser treatment was performed. Next, TheraCem and Embrace WetBond cements were placed on each sample. μSBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Results: In Embrace WetBond, μSBS was not affected by contamination type regardless of laser treatment. In TheraCem, μSBS was not affected by contamination type when the laser was not used. In contrast, with laser treatment, blood contamination decreased μSBS compared to control and saliva. After laser treatment in the presence of blood, μSBS of Embrace WetBond was significantly higher than that of TheraCem, while without laser treatment, no significant difference was observed between the two cements. Conclusion: Dentin conditioning with an erbium laser can increase the cement bond strength to dentin if proper isolation is achievable. If proper isolation cannot be obtained, dentin conditioning with erbium laser followed by application of Embrace WetBond cement can increase the microshear bond strength of cement to dentin.

Effect of ER: YAG Laser Treatment on the Bond Strength of Self-adhesive Resin Cements on Contaminated and Non-contaminated Dentin Surface

Background: Nowadays, lasers are used to modify the surface of dentin and enamel and improve the surface bond with resin cement while contamination weakens this bond. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different contamination types on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of two self-adhesive resin cements to dentin with/without laser treatment. Methods: One-hundred and twenty molar teeth were prepared and randomly divided into three groups: blood, saliva, and control. In the blood group, blood was applied to the samples for 10 seconds; in the saliva group, saliva was applied to the samples for 10 seconds; and in the control group, distilled water was applied to the samples. Each group was further divided into two subgroups; in one, the Er: YAG laser was applied to samples for 5 seconds, and in the other, no laser treatment was performed. Next, TheraCem and Embrace WetBond cements were placed on each sample. μSBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Results: In Embrace WetBond, μSBS was not affected by contamination type regardless of laser treatment. In TheraCem, μSBS was not affected by contamination type when the laser was not used. In contrast, with laser treatment, blood contamination decreased μSBS compared to control and saliva. After laser treatment in the presence of blood, μSBS of Embrace WetBond was significantly higher than that of TheraCem, while without laser treatment, no significant difference was observed between the two cements. Conclusion: Dentin conditioning with an erbium laser can increase the cement bond strength to dentin if proper isolation is achievable. If proper isolation cannot be obtained, dentin conditioning with erbium laser followed by application of Embrace WetBond cement can increase the microshear bond strength of cement to dentin.

Does the Elapsed Time from Bleaching and the Use of Sodium Ascorbate Influence the Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Bleached Enamel?

The objective of this study was to evaluate different delaying times after bleaching and the use of different sodium ascorbate (SA) concentrations (10% and 35%) in the bond strength of adhesive cementation to enamel. This study used 54 sound bovine incisors, which were randomly assigned to the following groups: G1 (unbleached/control+ adhesive cementation (AC)); G2 (bleached + AC after 7 days); G3 (bleached + 10% SA + AC after 24 h); G4 (bleached + 10% SA + AC after 7 days); G5 (bleached + 35% SA + AC after 24 h); and G6 (bleached + 35% SA + AC after 7 days). After bleaching, G3, G4, G5, and G6 received an application of SA before the cylinders build up with RelyX Veneer cement. The samples were subjected to microshear test, and the results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. Group one presented the highest mean bond strength (19.1 MPa) and G3 the lowest (16.96 MPa). There was no statistical difference between the groups tested (p ˃ 0.05). The fracture pattern observed was predominantly mixed. The adhesive cementation may be performed 24 h after bleaching when SA (10% or 35%) is used or after 7 days, without compromising bond strength.

Investigation of the Effectiveness of Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Coating on Titanium–Resin Cement Bond Strength

Investigation of the Effectiveness of Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Coating on Titanium–Resin Cement Bond Strength

Effect of Surface Treatment of Zirconia on the Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) values between zirconia and resin cement compared to untreated specimens. The effects of various surface treatments on the bond strength between zirconia and resin cement were investigated by searching relevant articles on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. A total of 13 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and addressed the research question were selected for statistical analysis. The studies were evaluated for heterogeneity, and a meta-analysis was performed. In total, 13 in vitro studies were included in accordance with the eligibility criteria. All 13 studies consistently demonstrated that silica coating yielded the highest SBS, followed by sandblasting and laser treatments. The meta-analysis using a random-effect model indicated a significant intergroup comparison, except for a few studies. Among the three treatments examined, the silica coating of zirconia was identified as the most effective in enhancing the bond strength between zirconia and resin cement. Further controlled laboratory and clinical studies are necessary to validate these findings and explore additional factors that may influence the effects of these surface treatments.

Effect of Repressing Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics on The Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cements.

A lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max® Press) was first heat-pressed to form rectangular disk specimens. Then, leftovers were used for the second and third presses. A total of 90 specimens were prepared and separated, according to the number of pressing cycles, into three groups: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd presses (n = 30). Each group was further subdivided into three groups (n = 10) according to the type of resin cement used, as follows: Multilink N (MN), Variolink Esthetic DC (VDC), and Variolink Esthetic LC (VLC). All the cement was bonded to the ceramic surface, which was etched with hydrofluoric acid and primed with Monobond Plus. All samples were light-cured and stored for 24 h. Shear bond strength was tested on a universal testing machine. A two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the influence of repeated pressing cycles and cement type as well as their interaction. The results indicated that cement type has a significant impact (p < 0.001) but not the number of pressing cycles (p = 0.970) or their interaction (p = 0.836). The Bonferroni post-hoc test showed that the SBS of MN was significantly higher than that of VDC and VLC in the first press and second press cycles, respectively. The SBS of MN was significantly higher than that of VDC and VLC cements in the third pressing cycle. There was no significant difference in the SBS between VLC and VDC in all three pressing cycles. The results of the current study did not report a detrimental effect of repeated pressing up to three cycles on the shear bond strength of the IPS e.max® Press. Multilink resin cement showed the highest SBS to IPS e.max® Press at the third pressing cycle. For all types of cement and heat pressing cycles, the majority of cement failures were adhesive. No cohesive failures occurred in any of the tested resin cements, regardless of the cement type or the number of heat pressing cycles tested.

A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Cleaning Solutions on Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Saliva-Contaminated Lithium Disilicate (LDS) Ceramic.

One of the greatest benefits of contemporary restorative dentistry is the creation of fixed partial dentures. The retention and durability of the fixed partial dentures may be improved by using a variety of tooth preparation methods, surface treatments, and luting resins. To measure the shear binding strength of resin cement to saliva-contaminated lithium disilicate (LDS) ceramicafter being exposed to various cleaning treatments. Over 30 LDS samples were examined. In Group 1, a cleansing solution comprising 15% zirconium oxide (Ivoclean) was employed for a duration of 20 s. This was succeeded by a rinsing phase lasting 15 s utilizing deionized water, followed by a 15-s period for drying. Subsequently, a final stage of air drying was conducted over a span of 15 s.In contrast, Group 2 underwent a washing procedure of 20 s involving a cleansing solution containing 30% sodium silicate. This was then ensued by a rinsing interval of 15 s with deionized water, succeeded by an air-drying process spanning 15 s. After applying cleaning solutions to the surface and adhering the specimens to the composite blocks using resin cement Multilink Automix (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), the shear bond strength was assessed. Using a 30% sodium silicate solution (Group 2), we were able to get the highest mean shear bond strength value after saliva-contaminated LDS. Group 1, 15% zirconium oxide (Ivoclean) had the weakest decontamination agents as measured by mean shear bond strengths. The shear bond strength values of the two groups were found to vary significantly between individuals using the independent sample t-test. LDs ceramic cleaned with a 30% sodium silicate solution had a higher shear bond strength than ceramic cleaned with Ivoclean (p<0.05). The application of a 30% sodium silicate solution rendered the highest shear bond strength for saliva-contaminated LDS ceramic. In comparison, ceramic cleaned with Ivoclean exhibited notably lower shear bond strength values. The outcome of this investigation highlights the potential of diverse cleaning agents in influencing the adhesive qualities of resin cement, thereby contributing to the enhancement of fixed partial denture durability and efficacy.

Effect of Photo-polymerization Delay on the Bond Strength and Microhardness of Dual-polymerizing Resin Cements.

To fully maximize the potential of dual-polymerizing resin cements, a thorough understanding of how the light- and chemical-polymerizing components interact in a resin system is required. Disorder in the polymerization process between the two components may hurt one of the components versus the other, affecting the overall properties and performance of the resin cements. Evaluate photo-polymerization delay time on dentin shear-bond strength and Vickers microhardness of dual-polymerizing resin cements. Shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhesive (RelyX Unicem 2, 3M ESPE) and adhesive (RelyX Ultimate, 3M ESPE) dual-polymerizing resin cements were evaluated. Dentin specimens (n=80) were prepared for the SBS test according to ISO standard 29022:2013. Teeth were randomly allocated into eight groups based on the type of cement, and photo-polymerization delay times (0, 2, 5, and 10 minutes). Vickers microhardness test (HV) was performed following ASTM E384-17 (n=32) prepared based on cement type and photo-polymerization delay times; specimens were tested after 24 hours of storage. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA to determine the individual and combined effects of resin cement type and photo-polymerization delay time on SBS and HV. Resin cement and photo-polymerization delay times for the adhesive cement at 0- and 2-minute pairings had significantly higher SBS means than all other combinations (p<0.0001). Resin cement type was also statistically significant (p<0.0001). Resin cement type and photo-polymerization delay times were not significant (p=0.3550) for HV. Photo-polymerization delay time affected dentin SBS with higher bond strength when photo-polymerization delay time was performed between 2 and 5 minutes with a self-adhesive resin cement, and between 0 and 2 minutes with an adhesive resin cement. Delaying photo-polymerization time to 10 minutes led to inferior dentin SBS and HV for both self-adhesive and adhesive dual-polymerizing resin cements.

Methodology for Testing the Micro-shear Bond Strength of Dual-cure Resin Cement to Pretreated Zirconia Surface

The aim of this study was to evaluate the micro-shear bond strength of dual-cure resin cement to zirconia surface pretreated with different techniques. Twenty-four sintered Y-TZP zirconia discs (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc.) with a diameter and thickness of 11.8 mm and 5.0 mm, respectively, were used for the present study divided into four groups according to the pretreatment procedures: 1) control group without any pretreatment; 2) MDP (10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate) primer treated; 3) sandblasted with 50 μm Al2O3 at 2 bar, and 4) MDP treated in combination of sandblasting. The micro-shear bond strength was measured by applying an axial load on the bonded interface using a universal testing machine LMT 100 (LAM Technologies, Italy). An original methodology of elaboration of specimens for testing was developed. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 11.5 Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, Excel 7.0 VB. One-way analysis of independent samples (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data with the level of significance p &lt; 0.05. The Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test was used to reduce the instance of false positive results. The impact of surface pre-treatment procedures on bond strength was studied and the best combination was revealed.

Effect of pretreatment of root dentin surface with cold atmospheric plasma on improving the bond strength of fiber post and resin cement: In vitro study.

Achieving stable adhesion between fiber post and interradicular dentin is a challenging process in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of surface pretreatment with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on improving the bond strength between them. Forty-eightsingle-canal mandibular premolars were cut 1 mm above the cementoenamel junctionto keep the root length of 14 mm or more. After endodontic treatment and preparation of the post space, the teeth were divided into four groups regarding the pretreatment of dentin surfaces, including normal saline, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), CAP, and CAP + EDTA groups. The data were analyzed using paired and independent t-test and one-way analysis of varianceand the significance level was set at p < .05. The bond strength was significantly higher in the coronal third than in the apical third in all the groups. Moreover, the bond strength was significantly higher in the CAP + EDTA-treated group. The bond strength increased significantly in the CAP group compared to the normal saline group. In addition, the bond strength increased significantly in the CAP or EDTA groups compared to the control group. The lowest bond strength belonged to the control group (normal saline). The surface pretreatment with CAP (alone or in combination with EDTA) played a significant role in improving the bond strength of fiber post and root canal dentin.