Bond Strength Of Resin Cement Research Articles

Influence of Natural Dentin Biomodification Agent on Push-Out Bond Strength and Nanoleakage of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement Luting of Glass-Fiber Posts.

To evaluate the plant-derived compound lignin (LIG) as a pretreatment of intraradicular dentin in combination with EDTA on push-out bond strength (PBS) and nanoleakage of the glass fiber posts (GFPs) cemented using adhesive resin cement. Twenty-eight human incisor roots were prepared for GFP cementation and divided based on dentin pretreatment: (1) CONTROL: no pretreatment, (2) EDTA: 17% EDTA for 3 min, (3) EDTA-LIG: 17% EDTA and 2% lignin for 3 min, (4) EDTA-PAC: 17% EDTA and 2% lignin for 3 min. The GFPs were cemented using the self-adhesive resin cement Multilink Speed. The roots (n = 7) were sectioned into 1 mm-thick discs and subjected to PBS testing after 1 week or 6 months. Nanoleakage was analyzed by SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using two-factor ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Higher PBS was identified for the CONTROL group (p < 0.001). After 6 months, the EDTA-LIG maintained the bond strength with a predominance of mixed failures, while the EDTA-PAC, EDTA, and CONTROL groups showed reduction of bond strength, with a predominance of adhesive failures along with severe silver infiltration in the interface. LIG associated with EDTA as a pretreatment for intraradicular dentin shows significant potential for attaining stable bond strength and interfacial integrity of self-adhesive resin cement to intraradicular dentin.

Bond strength of resin cement to zirconia and PEEK

Bond strength of resin cement to zirconia and PEEK

The Impact of Different Irrigation Protocols on the Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement to Radicular Dentin.

The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of different irrigation protocols on the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhesive resin cement (SARC) on primed radicular dentin. Radicular dentin slabs (N=58) were embedded in acrylic. Subsequently, they were polished and randomly assigned to five experimental groups (N=8-12) and one control group, CG (N=8). Irrigation solutions used were 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (H), 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 9% etidronic acid with hypochlorite (HEDP), 0.9% saline solution (SS), and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Each experimental group underwent a different irrigation protocol for two minutes: 1) H/EDTA/H, 2) HEDP, 3) H/EDTA/CHX, 4) H/EDTA/SS and 5) HEDP/SS. The CG samples were not treated with any irrigation solution. After drying, the adhesive-enhancing primer (AEP) and dual-curing SARC were applied to the radicular dentin using molds corresponding to the Ultra Tester (Ultradent Products, South Jordan, USA). The specimens were stored at 37 °C in distilled water and broken after 10 days in shear mode. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc Games-Howell test, α=0.05. CG exhibited the highest SBS. With the exception of HEDP and HEDP/SS, all experimental groups showed significantly lower SBS compared to CG (p<0.05). HEDP appears to be an adequate solution for cleaning the root canal prior to dentin priming and fiber post cementation with SARC.

Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement and Conventional Resin Cement Bonded to Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic with Different Surface Treatments: In Vitro Study

Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement and Conventional Resin Cement Bonded to Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic with Different Surface Treatments: In Vitro Study

Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement and Conventional Resin Cement Bonded to Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic with Different Surface Treatments: In Vitro Study

Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement and Conventional Resin Cement Bonded to Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic with Different Surface Treatments: In Vitro Study

Effect of Surface Treatment with Zirconium Dioxide Slurry on the Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Ultratranslucent Zirconia.

This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the effects of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) slurry surface treatment on the bond strength of ultratranslucent zirconia to resin cement using different ceramic primers. The surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the interface was evaluated by SEM. Additionally, the phase composition was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Specimens of zirconia (n=120) were obtained and divided into two groups according to the surface treatment: (1) airborne particle abrasion with 50-μm aluminum oxide (n=60) and (2) ZrO2 slurry (n=60). The 60 specimens were then further divided into three groups (n=20) according to the ceramic primer application: no primer (NP), Monobond N (MB), and Clearfil ceramic primer (CP). Four resin cement cylinders were built on each ceramic specimen. Half of the specimens (n=10) were subjected to a microshear bond strength (μSBS) test after 24 hours of storage in distilled water, and the other half (n=10) were subjected to a μSBS test after thermocycling. Additional specimens were prepared for SEM, AFM, and XRD analyses. According to the Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests, the μSBS values were significantly higher for MB and CP than for NP (p<0.05), and there were no significant differences in μSBS for both surface treatments associated with MB and CP after 24 hours of storage (p>0.05). Thermocycling significantly decreased the μSBS values for all specimens, especially for the NP groups and ZrO2 slurry treatment groups, and gaps at the interface were observed by SEM. SEM and AFM analyses showed agglomerate-type irregularities on the ceramic surface for ZrO2 slurry treatment. XRD spectra showed that ZrO2 slurry did not cause phase transformation. It was concluded that ZrO2 slurry promoted irregularities on the ultratranslucent zirconia surface, not causing phase transformation; moreover, the values of μSBS were comparable to those of airborne particle abrasion with aluminum oxide. However, neither surface treatment nor ceramic primer prevented the degradation of the interface.

Flowable composite as an alternative to adhesive resin cement in bonding hybrid CAD/CAM materials: in-vitro study of micro-shear bond strength

ObjectiveTo assess the micro-shear bond strength of light-cured adhesive resin cement compared to flowable composite to hybrid CAD/CAM ceramics.Materials and methodsRectangular discs were obtained from polymer-infiltrated (Vita Enamic; VE) and nano-hybrid resin-matrix (Voco Grandio; GR) ceramic blocks and randomly divided according to the luting agent; light-cured resin cement (Calibra Veneer; C) and flowable composite (Neo Spectra ST flow; F), resulting in four subgroups; VE-C, VE-F, GR-C and GR-F. Substrates received micro-cylinders of the tested luting agents (n = 16). After water storage, specimens were tested for micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) using a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min cross-head speed until failure and failure modes were determined. After testing for normality, quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation, whereas, qualitative data were expressed as percentages. Quantitative data were statistically analysed using Student t test at a level of significance (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsGroup GR-F showed the highest µSBS, followed by VE-C, VE-F and GR-C respectively, although statistically insignificant. All groups showed mixed and adhesive failure modes, where VE-F and GR-C showed the highest mixed failures followed by GR-C and VE-C respectively.ConclusionsAfter short-term aging, flowable composite and light-cured resin cement showed high comparable bond strength when cementing VE and GR.

Effects of Surface-Etching Systems on the Shear Bond Strength of Dual-Polymerized Resin Cement and Zirconia.

Adhesion of zirconia is difficult; thus, etching agents using several different methods are being developed. We investigated the effects of surface treatment with commercially available etching agents on the bond strength between zirconia and resin cement and compared them with those achieved using air abrasion alone. We used 100 zirconia blocks, of which 20 blocks remained untreated, 20 blocks were sandblasted, and 60 blocks were acid-etched using three different zirconia-etching systems: Zircos-E etching (strong-acid etching), smart etching (acid etching after air abrasion), and cloud etching (acid etching under a hot stream). Each group was subjected to a bonding procedure with dual-polymerized resin cement, and then 50 specimens were thermocycled. The shear bond strengths between the resin cement and zirconia before and after the thermocycling were evaluated. We observed that in the groups that did not undergo thermocycling, specimens surface-treated with solution did not show a significant increase in shear bond strength compared to the sandblasted specimens (p > 0.05). Among the thermocycled groups, the smart-etched specimens showed the highest shear bond strength. In the short term, various etching agents did not show a significant increase in bond strength compared to sandblasting alone, but in the long term, smart etching showed stability in bond strength (p < 0.05).

Ultrasonic activation of adhesive systems increases bond strength and intratubular penetration of resin cement in root dentin subjected to radiation therapy.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic activation of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems on the bond strength of resin cement to irradiated root dentin. Eighty human maxillary anterior teeth were distributed into 8 groups (n = 10), according to the type of adhesive system used (etch-and-rinse and self-etch), the ultrasonic activation of the adhesive systems, and the dentin condition (irradiated or non-irradiated - 70Gy). Endodontic treatment was performed followed by fiberglass post-space preparation. After fiberglass posts' luting, the roots were transversely sectioned on dentin discs and submitted to the push-out bond strength test (0.5mm/min). The fractured specimens were analyzed under a stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for failure mode classification. One of the dentin discs was analyzed under SEM to evaluate the characteristics of the adhesive interface. Irradiated specimens had lower bond strength than non-irradiated specimens (P < 0.0001). Ultrasonic activation of both adhesive systems increased the bond strength of the resin cement to irradiated dentin (P < 0.0001). Radiotherapy significantly affected the failure mode in the middle (P = 0.024) and apical thirds (P = 0.032) (adhesive failure). Non-irradiated specimens had a more homogeneous adhesive interface. When ultrasonically activated, both adhesive systems showed a greater number of resinous tags, regardless of the dentin condition. Ultrasonic activation of adhesive systems is a feasible strategy to enhance fiberglass posts retention in oncological patients.

Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Etching Time on Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Different CAD/CAM Ceramic Materials

Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Etching Time on Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Different CAD/CAM Ceramic Materials

Effect of water glass treatment for zirconia and silane coupling on bond strength of resin cement.

To evaluate the ability of the water glass treatment to penetrate zirconia and improve the bond strength of resin cement. Water glass was applied to zirconia specimens, which were then sintered. The specimens were divided into water-glass-treated and untreated zirconia (control) groups. The surface properties of the water-glass-treated specimens were evaluated using surface roughness and electron probe micro-analyser (EPMA) analysis. A resin cement was used to evaluate the tensile bond strength, with2 and without a silane-containing primer. After 24h in water storage at 37°C and thermal cycling, the bond strengths were statistically evaluated with t-test, and the fracture surfaces were observed using SEM. The water glass treatment slightly increased the surface roughness of the zirconia specimens, and the EPMA analysis detected the water glass penetration to be 50μm below the zirconia surface. The application of primer improved the tensile bond strength in all groups. After 24h, the water-glass-treated zirconia exhibited a tensile strength of 24.8 ± 5.5MPa, which was significantly higher than that of the control zirconia (17.6 ± 3.5MPa) (p < 0.05). After thermal cycling, the water-glass-treated zirconia showed significantly higher tensile strength than the control zirconia. The fracture surface morphology was mainly an adhesive pattern, whereas resin cement residue was occasionally detected on the water-glass-treated zirconia surfaces. The water glass treatment resulted in the formation of a stable silica phase on the zirconia surface. This process enabled silane coupling to the zirconia and improved the adhesion of the resin cement.

Bond Strength of Resin Cement Following Biomimetic Remineralization: An in vitro Study

Objectives This research assessed the efficacy of self-assembling peptide P11-4 (Curodont protect) in promoting biomimetic remineralization of dentin, thereby stabilizing the hybrid layer and enhancing the long-lasting of the resin-dentin bond. Methods Five premolar teeth were longitudinally sectioned to assess dentin microhardness before and after demineralization, as well as after the application of P11-4 (Curodont protect). For the microtensile test, ten premolar teeth were sectioned perpendicular to their long axes. The teeth were assigned to different groups. Following acid etching and rinsing, samples in control group I received no pretreatment, while the prepared dentin surface of group II was treated with 0.1 mL of P11-4 before the placement of the adhesive restoration. All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 ± 2 °C for 24 hours and then underwent thermocycling. The microtensile test was measured, and the type of bond failure was evaluated. The obtained information, expressed in megapascals, was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s multiple post hoc test. Results There was a statistically significant difference in hardness values after demineralization, followed by a significant increase in hardness after the application of P11-4 (Curodont protect) (p &lt; 0.001, effect size = 0.985). No statistically significant difference was found in the microtensile bond strength between the two groups (p = 0.384, effect size = 0.582). Adhesive-type failure was more commonly observed. Conclusion The use of self-assembling peptide P11-4 (Curodont protect) on dentin resulted in higher microhardness than the control group without adversely affecting resin cement bond strength.

Shelf life effects on the bond strength and microhardness of self-adhesive resin cements.

Among the main advantages of self-adhesive resin cements comprise good aesthetics, strong restoration-tooth bond and biocompatibility. However, some disadvantages, such as high viscosity level, color limitation and short shelf life should be mentioned. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess bond strength between fiberglass post and root dentin in teeth subjected to self-adhesive resin cements with expired shelf life and hardness. Sixty (60) single-rooted human teeth were sectioned and divided into 2 groups of different cements: U200 3M and MaxCem Elite Kerr. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups, based on self-adhesive resin cements' shelf life, namely: Within the use-time recommended by the manufacturer or no expiration date; 6 months after opening the aluminum blister; 12 months after opening the aluminum blister. Bond strength was measured through push-out test conducted in universal testing machine; fracture pattern was analyzed, and microhardness was investigated through Knoop test, based on hardness readings. Data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk normality test; nonparametric test was applied to hardness data, whereas parametric test was applied to bond strength data. Hardness data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test, whereas bond strength data were subjected to analysis of variance, which was followed by Tukey test; both tests were conducted at 5% significance level (α = 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in knoop hardness values recorded for the material / time / root thirds combination (p=0.483). There was no statistically significant difference in bond strength values recorded for the Material / Time / Thirds combination (p=0.237). It was possible concluding that shelf life did not influence material's hardness and bond strength. Key words:Dental cements, Resin Cements, Shelf Life of Products.

Effect of Dentin Contamination with Hemostatic Agents and Cleaning Techniques on Bonding with Self-Adhesive Resin Cement.

BACKGROUND Dentin contamination with hemostatic agents before bonding indirect restorations negatively affects the bond strength. However, the consensus on which materials could be used to clean contamination of hemostatic agents has not been explored. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Katana Cleaner applied on the surface of dentin contaminated with hemostatic agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhesive resin cement by comparing it with three other surface cleaners. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety dentin specimens were divided into a no contamination group (control) (n=10), 4 groups contaminated with 25% aluminum chloride (Viscostat Clear) (n=40), and 4 groups contaminated with 20% ferric sulfate (Viscostat) (n=40). Subsequently, 4 different cleaners were used for each contamination group (water rinse, phosphoric acid, chlorhexidine, and Katana Cleaner). Then, self-adhesive resin cement was directly bonded to the treated surfaces. All specimens were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles of artificial aging. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. RESULTS Two-way analysis of variance showed that the contaminant type as the main factor was statistically non-significant (p=0.655), cleaner type as the main factor was highly significant (p<0.001), and interaction between the contaminant and cleaner was non-significant (p=0.51). The cleaner type was the main factor influencing the bond strength. Phosphoric acid and chlorhexidine showed better performance than Katana Cleaner. CONCLUSIONS Cleaning dentin surface contamination with phosphoric acid and chlorhexidine had better performance than with Katana Cleaner.

Influence of Different Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength of Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Ceramic.

Objective: This in vitro study evaluates the shear bond strength (SBS) of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) and resin cement after different surface treatments. Materials and methods: Forty-eight ceramic cubes were divided into four groups (n = 12): G1 (control) sandblasting with Al2O3; G2-sandblasting with silica-coated Al2O3 (Rocatec); G3-Rocatec + CO2 laser; and G4-CO2 laser + Rocatec. A metallic primer was applied to the pretreated ceramic. A rubber ring was adapted on the central area, and then, the resin cement was inserted into the matrix and photoactivated. The samples were evaluated regarding surface roughness (Ra), SBS, failure type, and qualitatively with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results: The mean values of Ra (μm) were as follows: G1-4.52a, G2-4.24a,b, G3-4.10a,b, and G4-2.90b and the mean values of SBS (MPa) were as follows: G1-7.84a , G2-4.41b , G3-4.61b and G4-6.14a,b. SEM analyses showed superficial irregularities for all groups, being more prominent for G1. The presence of silica deposits was observed for G2, G3, and G4, but in the last two groups there were some linear areas, promoted by the fusion of silica, due to the thermomechanical action of the CO2 laser. Conclusions: The surface treatment with CO2 laser + Rocatec, using one MDP-based cement, can be an alternative protocol for the adhesion cementation of Y-TZP ceramic since it was as effective as the conventional pretreatment with aluminum oxide sandblasting.

Resin Cements in Dentistry

Even though the GIC has undergone many advances, its chemistry is fundamentally different from that of modern resin based composite direct filling products, which feature a silica or glass particle filled polymer matrix that enhances repair retention. When the restoration is etched or air abraded after the tooth has been conditioned with an adhesive resin and etched, retention becomes "micromechanical," ensuring the resin cement's high tensile strength. Cementation of the extraoral fabricated restoration is very important for the longevity of the restoration. The bond strength of resin cement to ceramic and fibre post is better than conventional cements. This article discusses about the various types of resin cements and there uses for luting indirect restorations such crowns, veneers, inlays, and onlays, etc.

Assessing push-out bond strength in re-irradiated teeth: Universal resin cement performance in self-etch and self-adhesive modes.

To investigate the effect of cumulative doses of radiation on the pushout bond strength (BS) of a universal resin cement used in the self-etch (SE) and self-adhesive (SA) modes to the intraradicular dentin. Forty-eight human teeth were distributed into three groups (n = 16) according to the radiation therapy dose (RT): NoRT (no-radiotherapy), 70RT (70 Gy), and 70 + 70RT (70 Gy + 70 Gy). The teeth were redistributed into two subgroups (n = 8), according to the adhesive mode: SE (NoRT-SE, 70RT-SE, and 70 + 70RT-SE) and SA (NoRT-SA, 70RT-SA, and 70 + 70RT-SA). Data were statistically compared after BS test (ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and Fisher's exact test). In the SA mode, BS was significantly higher in nonirradiated teeth compared with 70RT and 70 + 70RT (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between SE and SA modes in nonirradiated teeth (p = 0.14). In the 70RT group, SE mode increased BS compared with SA mode (p < 0.0001). Most specimens had adhesive and mixed failures in SA and SE modes, respectively. The universal resin cement in the SE mode had greater BS to the irradiated dentin. When teeth were re-irradiated, the universal resin cement had similar performance in terms of BS, regardless of the adhesive approach. There is no research establishing a correlation between radiotherapy and its impact on the BS of a universal resin cement used in SE and SA modes to intraradicular dentin.

Evaluation of the microshear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia treated by different nanomaterials using the dip coating technique

Aim: Using a dip-coating technique, this study evaluated the microshear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia surfaces coated with nanosilica and nanoalumina. Methods: Zirconia blocks (n = 56) were categorized into seven groups based on surface treatment: untreated (control), tribochemical silica coating (positive control), dip coating with pure nanosilica, pure nanoalumina, and nanosilica-nanoalumina mixtures at 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 volume ratios. The coated surfaces underwent characterization using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Resin cylinders were cemented onto the treated zirconia surfaces, and microshear bond strength testing was performed. Differences in bond strength between groups were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (p &lt; 0.05). Results: SEM revealed that nanosilica coatings formed island-like agglomerations, nanosilica-nanoalumina produced porous layers, and nanoalumina formed a dense cover layer. XRD detected only the tetragonal phase in coated zirconia, indicating no phase transformation compared to tribochemical silica coating. Microshear bond strength was higher for all coating groups than for controls (p &lt; 0.05). The 75:25 nanosilica-nanoalumina demonstrated greater bond strength than other ratios. Conclusion: Dip-coating proved effective in enhancing resin-zirconia bonding without causing surface damage. Among the various ratios, the 75:25 nanosilica-nanoalumina mixture exhibited optimal bond strength.

The Effect of Bioglass Coating on Microshear Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Zirconia.

Objectives: Durable bonding to zirconia is a challenging issue in dentistry. This study aimed to assess the effect of bioglass coating of zirconia on the microshear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia and to study the effect of thermocycling on this bond. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was conducted on 60 yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia blocks in six groups (N=10) based on surface pretreatment and thermocycling. Surface pretreatments included no treatment control, alumina particle abrasion, and bioglass-coating of zirconia. Resin bonding was performed with Panavia F2.0 cements. Then, half of the specimens underwent a 24-hour incubation in 37°C water, while the other half were subjected to thermocycling (12000 cycles, 5-55°C, 60s for each batch) following the same incubation period. Subsequently, the microshear bond strength of the specimens was measured. Additionally, one block from each group was subjected to scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: There was a significant difference between the bond strength values of different groups (P<0.001). Alumina particle abrasion and bioglass coating equally increased the bond strength compared to the untreated control group (P<0.001). Thermocycling caused significant decreases in bond strength in all the groups (P<0.001); however, the bond strength value of the thermocycled bioglass-coated group was significantly higher than that reported for the thermocycled alumina particle abraded group (P=0.015). Conclusion: Despite the decrease in the bond strength values after thermocycling, the long-term efficacy of the bioglass coating of zirconia was promising.

Self-etching primer versus hydrofluoric acid and air-abrasion: effects on flexural and resin bond strengths of resin-based CAD/CAM material

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of self-etching primer (Monobond Etch & Prime; MEP), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and air-abrasion (A) protocols on shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement and flexural strength (FS) of nanoparticle-filled resin-based CAD/CAM material. Bar- and rectangular-shaped specimens (n = 130 for each) were obtained from a resin-based material (Cerasmart 270). The specimens were divided into 13 subgroups according to surface treatments: Control (C); HF for 60, 90, and 120 s; MEP for 60, 90, and 120 s; air-abrasion for 10, 15, and 20 s; air-abrasion followed by HF; air-abrasion followed by MEP; HF followed by MEP. Surface roughness (Ra) values were measured using a profilometer (Surftest SJ-210) by applying 9 readings per specimen. One specimen per group was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM; Multimode 8) in a 20 μm × 20 μm area, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM; EVO LS-10) under ×1000 magnification. FS and SBS data were obtained using a universal test device (Marestek) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Air-abraded groups showed the highest Ra (A10: 1.331 ± 0.213; A15: 1.409 ± 0.110; A20: 1.491 ± 0.111; A + HF: 1.415 ± 0.138; A + MEP: 1.309 ± 0.071 μm) and the lowest FS values (A10: 122.59 ± 16.80; A15: 118.94 ± 11.74; A20: 117.22 ± 11.18; A + HF: 114.42 ± 18.09; A + MEP: 128.98 ± 19.74 MPa). FS values of HF- and/or MEP-applied groups were statistically similar to the control group (C: 167.37 ± 27.02; HF60: 186.74 ± 30.66; HF90: 162.79 ± 29.31; HF120: 184.11 ± 17.18; MEP60: 171.98 ± 29.65; MEP90: 162.49 ± 20.38; MEP120: 173.55 ± 22.50; HF + MEP: 175.09 ± 21.64 MPa). SBS values of MEP-applied groups were higher than those of HF-etched groups with the same duration. Significant differences in SBS values were found after etching protocols with different durations (HF60: 4.14 ± 0.64; HF90: 4.48 ± 0.33; HF120: 6.76 ± 1.65; MEP60: 6.24 ± 1.23; MEP90: 9.92 ± 1.25; MEP120: 10.22 ± 1.27 MPa). Prolonged MEP application (90 s and 120 s) can be the preferred surface treatment for resin-based CAD/CAM materials. However, air-abrasion may adversely affect its mechanical properties.