Explosive Development Research Articles

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus trends and hotspots in clinical research: A bibliometric analysis of global research.

Since severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) was first reported in 2009, a large number of relevant studies have been published. However, no bibliometrics analysis has been conducted on the literature focusing on SFTSV. This study aims to evaluate the research hotspots and future development trends of SFTSV research through bibliometric analysis, and to provide a new perspective and reference for future SFTSV research and the prevention of SFTSV. We retrieved global publications on SFTSV from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus databases from inception of the database until 2022 using VOSviewer software and CiteSpace was used for bibliometric analysis. The number of SFTSV-related publications has increased rapidly since 2011, peaking in 2021. A total of 45 countries/regions have published relevant publications, with China topping the list with 359. The Viruses-Basel has published the most papers on SFTSV. In addition, Yu et al. have made the greatest contribution to SFTSV research, with their published paper being the most frequently cited. The most popular SFTSV study topics included: (1) pathogenesis and symptoms, (2) characteristics of the virus and infected patients, and (3) transmission mechanism and risk factors for SFTSV. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the research developments in SFTSV since its discovery and summarize the SFTSV research trends. SFTSV research is in a phase of explosive development, and a large number of publications have been published in the past decade. There is a lack of collaboration between countries and institutions, and international collaboration and exchanges should be strengthened in the future. The current research hotpots of SFTSV is antiviral therapy, immunotherapy, virus transmission mechanism and immune response.

Design of multifunctional all-optical logic gates based on photonic crystal waveguides.

The explosive development of the big data era has driven the rapid growth of silicon photonics, and logic operators based on photonic circuits have also been intensively investigated. Photonic integrated logic operators possess a high degree of design freedom and novel prospects, and they are regarded as promising platforms for future signaling and data processing. In this work, considering all-optical logic operation with lower power consumption and a smaller device footprint, multifunctional all-optical logic gates based on silicon photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides and phase-encoded light beams are proposed and applied to realize several logic operators, including XNOR, XOR, NOR, AND gates as well as a half adder and half subtractor. The initial phases (π and 0) of incident light represent the input digital states (1 and 0), and the logic operation results are determined by the output light intensity. Also, simulations are carried out to verify the proposed concept and to investigate the rise time, fall time, and cross talk of the devices. Theoretically, the bit rate for the proposed device can reach 1.25Tb/s, and the proposed structures have the potential to be extremely compact due to PhC waveguides.

A suite of broadband physics‐based ground motion simulations for the Istanbul region

AbstractPhysics‐based earthquake ground motion simulations (GMS) have acquired significant growth over the last two decades, mainly due to the explosive developments of high‐performance computing techniques and resources. These techniques benefit high/medium seismicity regions such as the city of Istanbul, which presents insufficient historical ground motion data to properly estimate seismic hazard and risk. We circumvent this reality with the aid of the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) facilities to perform a suite of 57 high‐fidelity broadband (8–12 Hz) large‐scale physics‐based GMS for a region in Istanbul, Turkey. This paper focuses on the details of simulated GMS: (i) validation of the GMS approach against recorded ground motions produced by the 2019 Silivri earthquake; (ii) characteristics of 57 different source models, which aim to consider the uncertainties of many fault rupture features, including the length and width, dip, strike, and rake angles of considered fault planes, as well as hypocenter locations and earthquake magnitudes ranging between 6.5 and 7.2; (iii) high‐resolution topography and bathymetry and seismic data that are incorporated into all GMS; (iv) simulation results, such as PGAs and PGVs versus and distances to fault ruptures (), of 2912 surface stations for all 57 GMS. More importantly, this research provides a massive database of displacement, velocity and acceleration time histories in all three directions over more than 20,000 stations at both surface and bedrock levels. Such site‐specific high‐density and ‐frequency simulated ground motions can notably contribute to the seismic risk assessment of this region and many other applications.

Sybil in the Haystack: A Comprehensive Review of Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms in Search of Strong Sybil Attack Resistance

Consensus algorithms are applied in the context of distributed computer systems to improve their fault tolerance. The explosive development of distributed ledger technology following the proposal of ‘Bitcoin’ led to a sharp increase in research activity in this area. Specifically, public and permissionless networks require robust leader selection strategies resistant to Sybil attacks in which malicious attackers present bogus identities to induce byzantine faults. Our goal is to analyse the entire breadth of works in this area systematically, thereby uncovering trends and research directions regarding Sybil attack resistance in today’s blockchain systems to benefit the designs of the future. Through a systematic literature review, we condense an immense set of research records (N = 21,799) to a relevant subset (N = 483). We categorise these mechanisms by their Sybil attack resistance characteristics, leader selection methodology, and incentive scheme. Mechanisms with strong Sybil attack resistance commonly adopt the principles underlying ‘Proof-of-Work’ or ‘Proof-of-Stake’ while mechanisms with limited resistance often use reputation systems or physical world linking. We find that only a few fundamental paradigms exist that can resist Sybil attacks in a permissionless setting but discover numerous innovative mechanisms that can deliver weaker protection in system scenarios with smaller attack surfaces.

Influence of Dust Layers in Connecting Pipes on Explosion Propagation Characteristics of Flake Aluminum Powder in Cylindrical Interconnected Vessels.

Aluminum dust explosion has become an important type of dust explosion accident. In the present work, an interconnected system is established to study the influence of accumulated dust layers in connecting pipes on explosion propagation characteristics. A high-precision computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is applied to study the overpressure and flame development of aluminum powder explosion under the central ignition condition of two cylindrical vessels with a volume ratio of 1:5. The results show that pressure build-up in the secondary container is mainly due to the oscillating pressure wave. Moreover, compared with the ignition container, the thickness of the dust layer has a more obvious enhancement effect on the peak overpressure for the secondary container. When the ignition occurs in a large container, the dust layer is lifted in the connecting pipe under the action of the precursor pressure wave. After the jet flame enters the connecting pipe, the lifted aluminum dust participates in the explosion reaction, which significantly increases the explosion intensity. With the participation of the accumulated dust layer, the maximum overpressure of the explosion of flake aluminum dust in the interconnected system is higher than 30 bar, and the jet flame velocity is increased by 3 times. The present work can provide reference for the safety design of process equipment involving dust.

Bomb Cyclones over the North Pacific: Atmospheric Structure and Parameters According to Passive and Active Microwave Measurements from Space

Bomb Cyclones over the North Pacific: Atmospheric Structure and Parameters According to Passive and Active Microwave Measurements from Space

ВЗРЫВНЫЕ ЦИКЛОНЫ НАД СЕВЕРНОЙ ЧАСТЬЮ ТИХОГО ОКЕАНА: СТРУКТУРА И ПАРАМЕТРЫ АТМОСФЕРЫ ПО ПАССИВНЫМ И АКТИВНЫМ МИКРОВОЛНОВЫМ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯМ ИЗ КОСМОСА

The data of microwave satellite sensing of two bomb cyclones over the Pacific Ocean are considered. The distinctive features of the cyclones are dramatic pressure drops in the center (≥1 hPa/hour during a day), intense precipitation, and strong winds. The fields of cloud liquid water content, atmospheric integrated water vapor, and surface wind speed were retrieved, and their evolution was studied based on brightness temperatures measured by the AMSR2, GMI, and MTVZA-GY radiometers in the frequency range of 6-190 GHz in the cyclones observed on December 29, 2020-January 2, 2021 and January 25-28, 2022. The results obtained by microwave radiometers and scatterometers were interpreted using visible and infrared images, surface analysis maps, radiosonde data, etc. A correlation between the cloud top temperature and brightness temperature in the 176-190 GHz water vapor resonance region was found.

Recent progress on multifunctional electromagnetic interference shielding polymer composites

• The review discusses the basic theory, attenuation mechanisms and characterization methods of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. • The recent progress of multifunctional EMI shielding polymer composites are summarized and discussed with respect to their structures, fabrication methods and specific functions. • The critical scientific and technical issues for EMI shielding composites with different functions are proposed, and the main challenges in the development of multifunctional polymer-based EMI shielding materials are presented. The explosive development of electronic devices and wireless communication technology gives rise to the issue of electromagnetic pollution, known as electromagnetic interference (EMI). The accumulation of undesirable electromagnetic radiation in space disturbs the normal function of unshielded electronic appliances and poses seriously threat to human health. Thus, the development of EMI shielding materials have emerged to solve the grim problem. Considering the complex application contexts, EMI shielding materials have evolved from traditional single-function to multi-functions to meet the ever-increasing application requirements in recent few years. This paper provides detailed insight into the current research status and future challenges in the advancement of polymer-based EMI shielding materials with various functions. First, the basic theory of EMI shielding, factors influencing results and the dominating characterization technologies for EMI shielding properties are summarized. Then, the comprehensive descriptions of the seven types of multifunctional EMI shields are provided with respect to their structures, fabrication methods and specific functions. Meanwhile, the corresponding critical scientific and technical issues are proposed. Based on our comprehensive analysis, the main challenges in the development of multifunctional EMI shielding materials are presented. This review aims to provide some guidance and inspire more efforts toward functional EMI shielding material research to satisfy the growing requirements for next-generation electronic systems.

The concepts of «cultural explosion» by Y. M. Lotman, scientific revolutions by T. Kuhn and «three-stage development of science» by V. S. Stepin: comparative analysis

Today, the culture of our country and the whole world, primarily due to the explosive development of electronic technologies and their innovative potential, is at a stage of development, defined by many as a «revolutionary leap» or «phase transition». The scholars studying humanities have already accumulated a significant array of conceptual and theoretical constructions aimed at analyzing and understanding the functioning of socio­cultural realities in such «transitional» conditions. Many of them in new situations open up new facets of reading and understanding. The concepts considered by us are Yu. M. Lotman, T. Kuhn and V. S. Stepin as independent phenomena have repeatedly become objects of research analysis; however, so far no attempts have been made to compare them in general.

MECHANISM OF COAL AEROSOL EXPLOSION DEVELOPMENT IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MINE WORKING

Today there is not enough scientific data on the energy level and the velocity of an explosion in actual mine workings, which have a cross-sectional area larger than experimental mine workings. The objective of the paper is to justify the energy parameters of an explosion in actual mine workings based on the disclosure of the fire front development mechanism when coal dust explodes in an experimental mine working with a limited cross-sectional area. These studies can be the basis for choosing the speed of action and the strength of the means of the localization of dust explosions. The main research method is an experimental and analytical method, based on the analysis of the results of experimental explosions of coal dust in experimental mine workings and theoretical substantiation of the regularities of the development of the velocity and additional energy of the fire front with further extrapolation to the conditions of actual mine workings. It is proposed to supplement the mechanism of explosion development with an idea about the sections of development of explosion dynamics, i.e. initiation, dust explosion, crater, which determine the characteristic parameters of the explosive front velocity: maximum initiating velocity, average velocity, and maximum velocity in a crater. It was established that during methane initiation in the experimental mine working at the boundary between the initiation and dusting zones, there is a situation of a hybrid explosion of a mixture of methane and dust with air, which has its own velocity and energy indicators. A linear dependence of the energy generated during the coal aerosol explosion on the cross-sectional plane of the mine working was established. This makes it possible to use the results of testing the coal from certain deposits in small-scale experimental set-ups to justify the parameters of protective means for the actual mine workings.

Инструментарий этического анализа компьютерных игр: ответ на вызовы нового просвещения

The authors of the idea of a “new Enlightenment”, Ernst von Weizsäcker and Anders Wijkman, in their 2018 report to the Club of Rome analyse the causes of the explosive development of science and technology in the Modern period and come to the conclusion that their triumph and existential threats stem in many ways from the ideals of Enlightenment, so that the future of humankind depends crucially on an ideological rethinking of man’s status in the world. They stress the need to enhance the responsibility of the individual so that each individual becomes conscious of sharing the destiny of the whole of mankind and the world. I argue that in the framework of Enlightenment 2.0 the Kantian concept of social development, which is closely linked with the moral ideal — the kingdom of ends — may form the basis of the concept of society in which individual freedom and social development are interconnected and the mutually determining elements of the human being in whom freedom can be exercised only if it contributes to social good. The Kantian interpretation of social development as the human being forming the sphere of free being can be the basis of a critical assessment of the content of video games in terms of their media impact on the shaping of the ideology of modern society. I show that the boundaries of the exercise of freedom in a video game, supported by artificial intelligence, influence the way an individual perceives society and his/her place in it. I come to the conclusion that video games, which express a certain idea about society, can contribute to or impede the formation of a new ideological foundation of society whose aim, according to Enlightenment 2.0, should be overcoming the antagonism between the individual and the collective.

AI-Driven Packet Forwarding With Programmable Data Plane: A Survey

The existing packet forwarding technology cannot meet the increasing requirements of Internet development due to its rigid framework. Application of artificial intelligence (AI) for efficient packet forwarding is gaining more and more interest as a new direction. Recently, the explosive development of programmable data plane (PDP) has provided a potential impetus to packet forwarding driven by AI. Therefore, this paper presents a survey on the recent research in AI-driven packet forwarding with PDP. First, we describe two of the most representative frameworks of the packet forwarding, i.e., the traditional AI-driven forwarding framework and the new one assisted by the PDP. Then, we focus on capacity of the packet forwarding under the two frameworks in four measures: delay, throughput, security, and reliability. For each measure, we organize the content with the evolution from simple packet forwarding, to packet forwarding capacity enhancement with the assistance of AI, to the latest research on AI-driven packet forwarding supported by the PDP. Finally, we identify three directions in the development of AI-driven packet forwarding, and highlight the challenges and issues in future research.

Intelligent mechanical systems and its applications on online fraud detection analysis using pattern recognition K-nearest neighbor algorithm for cloud security applications

Banks and financial institutions use systematic business transaction fraud, individual analytics. Distrust analysis definition is based on a customer history of abnormal behaviors that indicate normal activities and fraud, manipulation or application analysis. The challenge of facing the banking and finance sector is in the form of fraudulent transactions. Combined with the explosive development of data and information, it has urged great advances in technology and communication, global consumer awareness, and capabilities. A comprehensive customer engagement strategy of the banking sector should establish opportunities through dynamic consumer estimation. Security is therefore essential for all banks to implement fraud detection methods to minimize their losses. The regulatory sequence based on different methods of machine learning has evolved to detect various fraudulent transactions. The effective way to detect the fraud detection mechanism is far more essential than the standard classification technology. Pattern Recognition K-Nearest Neighbor [PR-KNN] is developed for such a progressive search and non-parametric technique that evaluates the pseudo-nature to find the best solution to the problem. Regression and classification problems of fraudulent transactions mean the spending is reducing the number of false alarms. The detection systems are placed in bank fraud or fraudulent transactions after the transaction are expected to expectation.

Potential of MXenes as a novel material for spintronic devices: a review.

The search for materials for next-generation spintronic applications has witnessed exponentially increasing interest, mainly due to the explosive development of numerous two-dimensional (2D) materials discovered in the last decade. Among them, MXenes have emerged as promising candidates for many applications due to their unique and versatile tunability in structure and properties. In particular, their excellent combination of conductivity and highly charged surfaces leads to outstanding electrochemical properties that are significant in electronic applications. Moreover, the ease of modifying the atomic and electronic structures, and thus the functionalities of MXenes, further opens up the opportunity to realize MXenes-based spintronic device applications. The explosive development of MXenes, such as tuning the bandgap and enhancing their magnetic properties, could pave the way for the integration of MXenes in device configurations suitable for spintronics. In this article, we provide an overview of the potential applications of MXenes with a special focus on spintronic device applications. We commence the discussion with various fundamental aspects of spintronics, including the understanding of materials for spintronics in general, MXenes, and their fabrication, followed by presenting perspectives on plausible strategies and future challenges in integrating MXenes into spintronic devices.

Crisscross-Global Vision Transformers Model for Very High Resolution Aerial Image Semantic Segmentation

Semantic segmentation is a key means for understanding very-high resolution (VHR) aerial imagery. With the explosive development of deep learning, deep learning methods are being applied to the segmentation of VHR images, with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as the basic framework. However, owing to the highly complex details present in VHR images and the high spatial dependence of geographical objects, CNN-based methods are inadequate. This is because the inherent locality of CNNs limits the size of the receptive field, thus limiting the ability to obtain long-range context information. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a transformer-based novel deep learning model called crisscross-global vision transformers (CGVT). CGVT exploits the transformer’s inherent ability to obtain long-range context information to solve the restricted receptive field problem. Specifically, we redesign the self-attention mechanism in the transformer and call it crisscross-global attention. It consists of two parts: crisscross transformer encoder block (CC-TEB) and global squeeze transformer encoder block (GS-TEB). CC-TEB overcomes the limitation of the traditional self-attention design (specifically, difficulty applying it to VHR aerial image segmentation) and further increases the local feature representation ability of the model. GS-TEB increases the global feature representation ability of the model. The results of experiments conducted on the popular ISPRS Vaihingen, IEEE GRSS Data Fusion Contest Zeebrugge, and LoveDA Semantic Segmentation Challenge datasets verify the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method. Specifically, it achieved state-of-the-art performance on both Zeebrugge and LoveDA datasets, and is currently ranked second in Vaihingen dataset.

About Modern Intelligent Tools of Economy and Management

Revolutionary changes are taking place in the field of mathematical, statistical and instrumental methods of economics, a brief review of which is the subject of this article. A new paradigm of mathematical research methods is the basis of the methodology of systemic fuzzy interval mathematics. The role of such tools as terminological systems is great. Among the intellectual tools of economics and management, one of the main places is occupied by methods of making managerial decisions. The basic concepts in mathematical methods and models of decision theory are fuzzy and interval numbers and sets, and therefore the intellectual tools of this theory are based on systemic fuzzy interval mathematics. A variety of expert procedures designed to collect and analyze the subjective opinions of experts use intuition as a basic component of human thinking. Methods of awakening and stimulating intuition deserve careful study and development with a view to applying it to solving practical problems. Methods for the development and application of technologies for information and analytical decision support, i.e. controlling are important for economics and management. Particularly promising are the controlling methods and its component – ​the controlling of science, including scientometric and expert methods of managing scientific activities. And therefore we must bring the paradigm of economic science in line with modern requirements, adequately transform the teaching system. The explosive development of the digital economy, by which we mean modern information and communication technologies in the field of economics and management, makes it possible to form a new paradigm of economic science. Its basis, in our opinion, should be a solidary information economy.

Book Review: At Home in the Anthropocene

“Bomb cyclones,” megafires,commercial development, and other environmental disasters do not merely upset human habitats. They also upset those of our nonhuman kin, displacing them temporarilyoreven permanently,andoftenbringingus allin closer proximity. If ecology is the study of home—the word coming from the Greek oikos, for household—then the very foundations of that pursuithavebeen destabilized. Amy D. Propen’s2022bookAt Home in the Anthropocene takes this situationas its premise, asking us to explore“what counts as home?”(29) in such a fraught era.

PREVENTION OF PREVIOUS OPERATION OF CHARGES OF PYROTECHNICAL PRODUCTS BASED ON MIXTURES OF MAGNESIUM, ALUMINUM POWDER AND METAL WASTE IN THE CONDITIONS OF EXTERNAL THERMAL ACTIONS

Mathematical models of external heating of charges of pyrotechnic products based on compacted mixtures of aluminum-magnesium alloy powders and nitrate-containing oxidizers (sodium, potassium, strontium, and barium nitrates) were refined by taking into account the temperature dependence of their thermophysical properties (volumetric heat capacity and coefficient of thermal conductivity), which allowed to more accurately determine the critical values of heat flows and durations of their influence.
 New data were obtained to determine the critical ranges of the change in the burning rate of mixtures under conditions of elevated heating temperatures and external pressures for various values of technological parameters (the coefficient of excess oxidizer α; the average particle size of metal fuel powders dм microns and oxidizer dN), exceeding the ranges of which leads to premature ignition mixtures under conditions of external thermal effects and leads to unstable explosive development of their combustion process and fire-hazardous destruction of pyrotechnic products.

ON THE DESTRUCTION AND PREFRACTURING OF SOLID ROCKS UNDER BLASTING IN FORMATION CONDITIONS

Purpose and task. Analysis and specification of mechanisms of softening and change of structure of monolithic and low-fractured rocks under blasting of single and dispersed charges, definition of the reasons and model of their evolution in a formation. To solve this goal, the followingscientific tasks were set in the work:1. Estimation of force factors of external action on rock.2. Thermodynamic analysis and detection of mechanisms of structural changes in rocks at a considerable distance from the well, which provide a change in its productivity.Research methods. To solve the set tasks, the following were performed: calculations of the attenuation of shock wave amplitudes generated during the explosion of spherical and elongated charges; analysis of the results of explosive treatments of oil and gas wells; energy analysis of processes and mechanisms of changes that occur around the well in the reservoir.The main results. Studies have shown that structural changes in rocks during low-energy explosions, as well as other low-energy methods of external action on the reservoir occur in the form of increased cracking of rocks at micro and macro levels due to cooperative effects of external action, internal reservoir energy and physico-chemical effects of reservoir fluids.The main results. The mechanisms of decompaction of the rocks in rock formation conditions in the presence of rock and reservoir pressure at low-energy external actions are considered. Experiments on the operation of oil, oil and gas and gas wells show that the transition of the system "well - formation" from one thermodynamic state to another occurs in a time that depends on the internal energy of the formation. The transition is the result of the cooperative effects of the combined action of external influences, the internal energy of the formation and rock pressure. For gas wells this time does not exceed a few hours or days, for oil and oil and gas with depths of 3000… 4000 m the typical time of the well to reach maximum productivity is ≈ (30 - 90) days.Conclusions and practical significance. The analysis of the results of industrial tests of explosive intensification technology and calculations of attenuation of compression wave amplitudes show that under rock pressure conditions structural changes in rock after explosions of several charges occur at distances up to ≈ (80… 100) R0. Under reservoir conditions, the main reasons for the appearance of such long zones of increased permeability around the well are the cooperativeeffects of the combined action of blast waves, reservoir gases (methane, carbon dioxide, helium and possibly hydrogen), as well as changes in rock pressure in the process of its development. Of practical importance is to understand the sequence of technological operations in the work tointensify the inflow of oil and gas.

Observation of prior light emission before arcing development in a low-temperature plasma with multiple snapshot analysis

Arcing is a ubiquitous phenomenon and a crucial issue in high-voltage applied systems, especially low-temperature plasma (LTP) engineering. Although arcing in LTPs has attracted interest due to the severe damage it can cause, its underlying mechanism has yet to be fully understood. To elucidate the arcing mechanism, this study investigated various signals conventionally used to analyze arcing such as light emission, arcing current and voltage, and background plasma potential. As a result, we found that light emission occurs as early as 0.56 μs before arcing current initiation, which is a significant indicator of the explosive development of arcing as well as other signals. We introduce an arcing inducing probe (AIP) designed to localize arcing on the tip edge along with multiple snapshot analysis since arcing occurs randomly in space and time. Analysis reveals that the prior light emission consists of sheath and tip glows from the whole AIP sheath and the AIP tip edge, respectively. Formation mechanisms of these emissions based on multiple snapshot image analysis are discussed. This light emission before arcing current initiation provides a significant clue to understanding the arcing formation mechanism and represents a new indicator for forecasting arcing in LTPs.