Boesenbergia Pandurata Research Articles

Pinostrobin and its derivatives as novel anti-breast cancer agents against human oestrogen receptor alpha: In silico studies of ADMET, docking, and molecular dynamics

Background: Breast cancer is the main cause of cancer death among women. The issue is more complex due to the side effects and resistance of the currently used breast cancer drugs. Pinostrobin, a compound found in Boesenbergia pandurata, has anticancer activity. Modifying the structure of pinostrobin can improve drug bioavailability, reduce toxicity, and work more selectively. Objective: This study aimed to predict the potentials of pinostrobin and its derivatives as anti-breast cancer agents against human oestrogen receptors by an in silico approach. Methods: The pkCSM was utilised to predict the ADMET characteristics. The interaction of ligands with the binding site of the human oestrogen receptor alpha with PDB ID 3ERT was used for molecular docking using MOE, and AMBER was then used for molecular dynamic simulation. Results: Pinostrobin pentanoate had good pharmacokinetic properties and was neither mutagenic nor hepatotoxic. Based on molecular docking, it was more potent compared to pinostrobin, with binding free energy values of -7.849 kcal/mol. Furthermore, in the interaction stability evaluation using 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation by the MM-GBSA calculation method, pinostrobin pentanoate had a stable interaction with a total bond energy value of -9.943 kcal/mol. Conclusion: Pinostrobin pentanoate has the potential as an anti-breast cancer alternative through the human oestrogen receptor alpha.

MORPHOLOGY AND MICROANATOMY DESCRIPTION OF BỒNG NGA TRUẬT, OR FINGERROOT, (Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf) COLLECTED IN KIEN GIANG PROVINCE

Background: Bồng Nga truật, or Fingerroot, (Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf syn. Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schltr.), also known as Ngải bún, is a common ginger species in Mekong Delta. Its tuber roots and rhizomes are often used to cook rice noodles as an alternative to Tumeric (Curcuma longa L.). Despite being used commonly in Indonesia and Thailand, the plant has not been used and researched as a herb in Vietnam. This research was for starting projects to increase the value of this species. Objectives: This study was to primarily describe morphological and microanatomical figures of Bồng Nga truật, together with characteristic figures in rhizome and tuber root powder. Materials and methods: The whole plant of Fingerroot, including rhizomes and tuber roots, was collected in Giong Rieng, Kien Giang. A portion of rhizomes and tuber roots was then cleansed and basked to dry in December 2019. Fresh samples were used for the microanatomy study, dried sample was pulverized for the powder study. All of the observations were done following general instructions in Vietnam Pharmacopoeia V. Results: The study described botanical figures of Bồng Nga truật sample in Giong Rieng, Kien Giang, including morphology, microanatomy of whole plant and characteristic particles in Bồng Nga truật rhizome and tuber root powders. The plant had common figures of Zingiberaceae and looked similar to Tumeric except for leaf sheath bases, flowers, and particular palmated tuber shapes. Microanatomy of leaf veins and leaf blades was characterized by large sub-rectangle secretory vesicles, V-shaped vascular bundles reinforced by hardened tissues on both sides. Rhizome and tuber root microanatomy were not specific. However, tubers of Fingerroot were more likely tuber root than colonial rhizome as referred. Similarly, particles found in powder samples were common among Zingiberaceae species. Conclusions: The sample has common morphological figures compared with one in Malaysia, and common figures of Zingiberaceae.

Increasing the Non-Specific Immunity of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Maintained in Traditional Ponds with the Addition of Fitoimun®

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a commodity that is in great demand by the community. The purpose of this study were to examine the use of Fitoimun® mixed in feed to increase non-specific immunity, survival the morphology of vannamei shrimp. This study used a completely randomized design, with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The Fitoimun® product used made from extracts of fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) and tamarind eggplant (Solanum ferox) was mixed with pellet feed. The doses used in the treatment were 0 mL/kg, 20 mL/kg, 24 mL/kg. The feed was given twice a day, in the morning and evening as much as 500 grams per repetition. The research was conducted for 3 months and observations were carried out for one month. The shrimp was purchased from the Brackish and Sea Water Central Seed Center (BBU) manggar Balikpapan with an average weight of 27 g. Sampling was carried out once a week. Haemolymph was taken for the observation of immunity. The results showed that the administration of Fitoimun® increased non-specific immunity such as total haemocytes with the highest value of 125.7 cells/mL and differential haemocytes with the highest value in granulocyte cells 43.90%, semi granulocyte cells 42.57% and hyaline 32.63 %. The Survival were 52% and there was no significant difference between treatments. Fitoimun® did not affect the morphology of Pasific whiteleg shrimp.

Strengthening of VANNAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) seeds that are preserved in cement seeds through the application of FITOIMUN®

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the addition of FITOIMUN® made of acid shrimp extract (Solanum ferox) and key interviews (Boesenbergia pandurata) on survival, absolute weight growth, daily growth rate, feed conversion rate, and water quality parameters of the vandame shrimpsined in cement tanks. This study uses a complete random design (RAL) with 3 treatments and 3 repetitions. The doses of FITOIMUN® used in the treatment are 0 mL/kg (P0), 20 mL/kg (P1), and 24 mL (P2). The shell used is 20±0,5 g and is kept in a cement tank of 4.5 x 5.5 x 95 m2. The shrimp are treated with a feeding rate method with a frequency of four times a day. The results of the study show survival at P0, P1, and P2 doses of 100%. Absolute weight growth at P0 (7.41 g), P1 (7.69 g), and P2 (6.85 g). The daily growth rate is P0 (26.47%), P1 (27.48%), and P2 (24.46%), while feed conversion rates are P0 (1,16), P1, (1,14), and P2, respectively. (1,18). The water quality in this study averaged 26.92°C, pH 7.39, DO 6.33 ppm, and salinity 19.55 ppt. In conclusion, the survival rate with the administration of FITOIMUN® to shrimps in all treatments reached 100%; the application of Fitoimun® did not affect absolute weight growth, daily growth rate, or feed conversion rate but had the best value at P1 (20 mL/kg feed); and the water quality parameters in all treatments were still at the appropriate criteria for the life of the vaname shrimp.

Performance of Windu Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Cultivated in a Silvofishery Pond with the Application of Phytoimmune®

This study aim to evaluated the effects of using FITOIMUN® (mixture Boesenbergia pandurata and Solanum ferox), in pellet feed on tiger prawn (P. monodon) survival, weight gain, daily growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. A t-test with two treatments and four replications was did in this investigation. In this treatment, phytoimmune concentrations were 0 mLkg (PO) and 24 mL/kg (P1). The UPTD Seed Center for Brackish Water and Seawater Manggar provided the tiger prawn (P. monodon) used by PL 42 0,10±0,30 g. Feeding the addition of the extract with a dose equal to 5% of the shrimp's weight three times per day at 08.00, 13.00, and 17.00 WITA. Shrimp are culturing in empang parit silvofishery ponds using cages that are 4x2x1,1 m in size with 8 plots of waring as barriers. Shrimp care is done for 4 weeks, and growth observations are made as well as weekly survival tests. According to the findings, survival was 70% at P1 and 68% at P0. The results of weighing the average value at PO (0,38 g) and P1 (0,48 g), the daily growth rate of the average value at PO (4,07%) and P1 (5,91%), and the conversion ratio feed at P0 (1,78) and P1 (1,73). In this investigation, the average water quality was 28,90°C, 19,2 ppt of salinity, 7,33 pH, and 4,31 ppm of DO. The results of feeding tiger prawns (P. monodon) FITOIMUNⓇ 24 mL/kg feed revealed higher values for survival, weight increase, daily growth rate, and feed conversion ratio but no substantially different results (P>0, 05).

Effects of Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) Oil on Microflora as an Antimicrobial Agent and on the Formation of Heterocyclic Amines in Fried Meatballs

This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) (EOF) as a natural preservative in ground meat and its effect on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) in pan-fried meatballs. EOF was applied either by adding it to ground pork or marinating pork in it before grinding. In addition, the antibacterial activity of EOF was tested. Aerobic mesophilic total viable count (TVC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were monitored. The results show that EOF exhibited strong antibacterial activity when added at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.5 wt%. Antimicrobial activity against TVC, LAB, and especially Enterobacteriaceae bacteria was observed at all EOF concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 wt%). A 2.5% concentration of EOF applied by marinating trimmings can extend the shelf-life of ground pork to 18 days, while 2.5% EOF applied via addition can extend the shelf-life to 15 days, compared with 3 days for the control sample. After frying the meatballs, the inhibitory effect on the formation of heterocyclic amines was only significant for MeIQx with the highest addition of EOF (2.5 wt%). Significant increases in the concentrations of all other HAs were determined by adding EOF (2.5 wt%).

Evaluation of polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibitory of ethanol/water extracts from rhizomes of Vietnamese Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Alpinia officinarum, and Boesenbergia pandurata

This study was conducted to determine the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of ethanol/water extracts from rhizomes of Vietnamese Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Alpinia officinarum Hance, and Boesenbergia pandurata...

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN FITOIMUN® KE DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata) YANG DIPELIHARA DI TAMBAK SILVOFISHERY DESA SALO PALAI KECAMATAN MUARA BADAK KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA

Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is a crab that has high potential and is cultivated in mangrove areas, so that many people keep mangrove crabs. However, there are still many obstacles, including slow growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of Fitoimun® mixed into crab feed to see survival, weight growth, specific daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and carapace width, which were reared in silvofishery ponds in Salo Palai Village. The study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment was Fitoimun® products containing Solanum ferox L and Boesenbergia pandurata, with a dose of 0 mL/kg, 20 mL/kg, 24 mL/kg. This study used mud crabs a weight of about 187-300 grams and a carapace width of about 95.0-110.5 mm. Feeding is given once every 2 days, in the morning at 07.00-08.00 and in the afternoon at 16.00-17.00. The feed given to crabs was measured as 5% of the crab's biomass weight. The results showed that the use of Fitoimun® products had no significant effect on survival, absolute weight growth, specific daily growth rate, carapace width, and feed conversion ratio, water quality during the study temperature 28.5°C, pH 7.5, DO 5.8 mg/L, salinity 13.8 mg/L pond. The relatively good Fitoimun® at a dose of 20 mL/kg mixed into mud crab (Scylla serrata) feed was able to increase growth, specific daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and carapace width. Keywords: Ftoimun®, growth survival, mud crab.

Sakuranetin and its therapeutic potentials- a comprehensive review.

Sakuranetin (SKN), a naturally derived 7-O-methylated flavonoid, was first identified in the bark of thecherry tree (Prunus spp.) as an aglycone of sakuranin and then purified from the bark of Prunus puddum. It was laterreported in many other plants including Artemisia campestris, Boesenbergia pandurata, Baccharis spp., Betula spp., Juglans spp., and Rhus spp. In plants, it functions as a phytoalexin synthesized from its precursor naringenin and is the only known phenolic phytoalexin inrice, which is released in response to different abiotic andbiotic stresses such as UV-irradiation, jasmonic acid,cupric chloride, L-methionine, and the phytotoxin coronatine. Till date, SKN has been widely reported for its diverse pharmacological benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, glucose uptake stimulation, neuroprotective, antimelanogenic, and antitumor properties. Its pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties have been poorly understood, thus warranting further evaluation together with exploring other pharmacological properties such as antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and antinociceptive effects. Besides, in vivo studies or clinical investigations can be done for proving its effects as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, antimelanogenic, and antitumor agent. This review summarizes all the reported investigations with SKN for its health-beneficial roles and can be used as a guideline for future studies.

Boesenbergia Pandurata as an Anti-Breast Cancer Agent: Molecular Docking and ADMET Study

Background: Boesenbergia pandurata or fingerroot is known to have various pharmacological activities, including anticancer properties. Extracts from these plants are known to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, including breast cancer. Anti-breast cancer activity is significantly influenced by the inhibition of two receptors: ER-α and HER2. However, it is unknown which metabolites of B. pandurata play the most crucial role in exerting anticancer activity. Objective: This study aimed to determine the metabolites of B. pandurata with the best potential as ER-α and HER2 inhibitors. Method: The method used was molecular docking of several B. pandurata metabolites to ER-α and HER2 receptors, followed by an ADMET study of several metabolites with the best docking results. Results: The docking results showed eight metabolites with the best docking results for the two receptors based on the docking score and ligand-receptor interactions. Of these eight compounds, compounds 11 ((2S)-7,8-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4''-methyl-3''-pentenyl)-8-phenyl-2H,6H-benzo(1,2-b-5,4- b')dipyran-6-one) and 34 (geranyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-phenethylbenzoate) showed the potential to inhibit both receptors. Both ADMET profiles also showed mixed results; however, there is a possibility of further development. Conclusion: In conclusion, the metabolites of B. pandurata, especially compounds 11 and 34, can be developed as anti-breast cancer agents by inhibiting ER-α and HER2.

Active compounds of fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) for obesity treatment: in silico approaches

Obesity has become increasingly prevalent worldwide each year. Several studies have proven that herbs are effective in preventing obesity. The research delved into the active compounds of Boesenbergia pandurata to reveal their mechanisms of action by utilizing bioinformatics approaches. The research methods included active compounds selection, QSAR analysis, networking analysis, molecular docking, and ADME prediction. The QSAR analysis predicted that the active compounds were correlated with some theoretical activities with more than 0.5 probability, namely vasoprotective, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and as a lipid metabolism regulator and TNF expression inhibitor. Furthermore, the results of the networking analysis showed that five compounds (pinocembrin, cardamonin, flavokawain B, flavokawain C, and tectochrysin) had direct interactions with RPS6KB1. Pinocembrin exhibited the highest binding affinityof -7.26 kcal/mol, although not as strong as that of the control ligand (FS9). The ADME prediction indicated that the five compounds were non-toxic and had excellent absorption. It can be concluded that the active compounds of B. pandurata have the ability to improve metabolic syndrome, especially obesity, in silico through several mechanisms, such as suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, regulation of lipid metabolism, and those associated with antioxidants.

Pemanfaatan Obat Bahan Alam Untuk Menjaga Imunitas Tubuh Berdasarkan Kajian Etnobotani Dan Thibbun Nabawi

Indonesia has 9.47% of the total plant species in the world. Plants of various kinds are a gift from God to be chosen and used as a cure for many diseases. The high biodiversity of plants also supports the development of traditional elements of society which are reflected in their use, especially as medicines. This study aims to explain the use of traditional medicine to maintain the immune system from ethnobotany and thibbun nabawi. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research involving key informants. The data was obtained by snowball sampling and analyzed by inductive technique. This study revealed that the people of Tiris used 18 types of natural medicines to maintain body immunity during the pandemic. People also used other minerals such as honey, eggs, and eucalyptus oil for herbs. The highest used value (UV) is 0,70, namely temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata), and the result of calculating the ICF value for this natural medicine is 0,68. This utilization is an effort to deal with a pandemic by thibbun nabawi, using herbs and honey.

ANTIPARASITIC ACTIVITY OF Solanum ferox EXTRACT AND CONCOCTION WITH Zingiber zerumbet AND Boesenbergia pandurata EXTRACTS TO CONTROL Argulus sp. ON GOLDFISH (Cyprinus carpio)

Argulus is an ectoparasite that frequently infects goldfish, with severe effects and a high death rate. The use of plant extracts in this research were Solanum ferox extracts/SFE (400 ppm), Boesenbergia pandurata ekstract/BPE (900 ppm) and Zingiber zerumbet extract/ZZE (200 ppm) have been widely reported to have antiparasitic activities. This research evaluated the antiparasitic activities of compositions A (SFE and ZZE with ration 1:1), B (SFE and BPE with ratio 1:1), and C (single SFE). The research stages comprised 1) isolation and analysis of solasodine content in crude extract of SFE and in three composition A, B, and C, 2) in vitro antiparasitic activities on Argulus sp. at doses of 50 and 100 mL of each composition in 100 mL water with a testing time of 60–240 minutes, and 3) in vivo antiparasitic activities on Argulus sp. on goldfish at a dose of 100 mL each composition in 100 mL water and observation for 2–12 hours of fish treatment. The results showed that SFE crude extract had a solasodine concentration of 7.151 mg/L, whereas the solasodine in composition A (656 ppm), B (485 ppm), and C (295 ppm), respectively. The in vitro testing demonstrated that composition A was effective for killing approximately 80–100% of Argulus , whereas compositions B and C killed 80–90% and 60–70%, respectively. Viewed from the effectiveness for killing parasites, the result was excellent (above 50%). The in vivo treatment test was continued using three extract compositions at a dose of 100 ppm. Compositions A, B, and C were found to be capable of releasing 81.33, 75.67, and 71.00 arguli, respectively, per fish. We concluded that the single SFE extract and a concoction with BPE and ZZE had reasonable antiparasitic activity, whereas the concoction of SFE and ZZE killed more Argulus parasites at a higher rate.

Physicochemical and Storage Characteristics of Pork Tteokgalbi Treated with Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Powder

This study investigates the physicochemical and storage characteristics of Tteokgalbi treated with various concentrations of Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) powder (BP). BP is constituted mainly of carbohydrates (77.9%), possesses free-radical scavenging activity due to the presence of polyphenol and flavonoids, and is slightly acidic (pH 5.99). Five Tteokgalbi samples were treated with 0 (CON), 0.5% (B1), 1.0% (B2), or 2.0% (B3) of BP or 0.05% of ascorbic acid (REF). Compared to CON, BP-treated Tteokgalbi demonstrated significantly higher carbohydrate content and water-holding capacity and decreased cooking loss (%). BP-treated Tteokgalbi had significantly altered Hunter color properties, with decreased L* and increased b* values. Additionally, BP treatment significantly changed the textural properties by increasing the hardness (B3) and chewiness (B2 and B3) and decreasing the springiness (B3) of Tteokgalbi. Owing to the increased total polyphenol and flavonoid content, BP addition significantly enhanced the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of Tteokgalbi during vacuum-packed cold storage (0–14 days) at 5 °C. BP-treated Tteokgalbi maintained a higher pH compared to CON, and BP-treatment significantly suppressed 2-thiobarbituric acid, volatile basic nitrogen, and total microbial count during the cold storage period (7 and 14 days). Therefore, BP is a natural, edible antioxidant that may be applied to Tteokgalbi.

Pharmacokinetics of panduratin A following oral administration of a Boesenbergia pandurata extract to rats.

Boesenbergia pandurata and its major active ingredient, panduratin A (PAN), exhibit antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. We explored the time course of the plasma and tissue (in the major organs, gums and skin) concentrations of PAN after oral administration of a B. pandurata extract to rats. Model-dependent analysis was used to quantify the skin distribution of PAN after systemic exposure. The PAN level peaked at 1.12 ± 0.22 μg/mL after 3 h, and then biexponentially decayed with a terminal half-life of 9 h. The mean clearance (Cl/F) was 2.33 ± 0.68 L/h/kg. The PAN levels in organs were in the following order (highest first): skin, lung, heart, gum, liver, spleen, kidney, and brain. For the first time, the time course of PAN levels in plasma and organs was investigated after oral administration of a BPE. This study helps to explain the pharmacological activities of PAN in the skin and gums. The pharmacokinetic model provided data in the plasma and skin concentrations of PAN, which are of fundamental importance to evaluate its efficacy.

In Silico Analysis of Pinostrobin Derivatives from Boesenbergia pandurata on ErbB4 Kinase Target and QSPR Linear Models to Predict Drug Clearance for Searching Anti-Breast Cancer Drug Candidates

Background: ErbB4 is a member of ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and plays an important role in resistance to ErbB2 inhibitors. Objective: This study aimed to design a pinostrobin derivative with activity as an ErbB4 inhibitor and to establish a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) of pinostrobin and its derivatives to predict drug clearance. Materials and Methods: In this research, an in silico study was conducted on pinostrobin and its derivatives by predicting the prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) with PASS online, followed by molecular docking using the AutoDockTools 4.2.6 program on ErbB4 protein kinase and visualizing the docking results using the Discovery Studio Visualizer software. While the study of QSPR pinostrobin and its derivatives was determined using physicochemical parameters with clearance (CLtot) using SPSS. Results: From the data obtained, 5-O-2- phenylacetylpinostrobin has a high affinity for ErbB4 protein with a free energy of binding (ΔG) -10.37 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant (Ki) of 26.06 nM. Conclusion: Probability “to be active” (Pa) 5-O-2- phenylacetylpinostrobin of 0.595 for kinase inhibitors and 0.666 for apoptosis agonists, thus becoming candidates for breast cancer drugs. The QSPR model can be used to predict the properties of molecules such as CLtot, this will be useful in the drug design process. The best QSPR regression equation for pinostrobin and its derivatives is Log (1/CLtot) = 0.705 Log S + 0.035 MR + 0.375. This equation can be used as a reference in predicting CLtot.

Functional properties of Boesenbergia pandurata and Murraya paniculata: A review

Indonesia is a tropical country which cause so many types of herbs and spices can grow, such as Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) and orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata). These two herbs are widely used in traditional medicines by Indonesian local inhabitants. Based on the literature studies that have been carried out on several scientific journals, it can be concluded that fingerroot plants possess functional properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-aging, anti-obesity, and inhibition of melanogenesis and tyrosinase activities, while orange jessamine leaves have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-nociceptive, and anti-diarrheal activities.

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIMICOTIC EXTRACT OF ETHANOL TEMU KUNCI AND TEMULAWAK ON CANDIDA ALBICANS

Introduction: Candida albicans are normal flora bacteria on the skin and mucous membranes of humans. Candida albicans are said to be one of the causes of vaginal discharge or fluor albus. Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlect) and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) are the ingredients of herbal medicines with the potential as an antifungal. Purpose: This study aims to explain the differences in the antifungal effect of the Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlect) and Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) extracts and explain how the combination of Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlect) and Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) extracts has an antifungal effect on Candida albicans by using the experimental study of post-test control group design. Method: This study uses the Kirby-Baurer method and then measures the inhibitory zone by using calipers then comparing the inhibition zone of each extract. Results: The research results show no difference in the effectiveness of each extract, and no inhibition zone was found for each extract. Conclusion: This study concludes that the two extracts are not effective against C.albicans.

Structure Modifications of Pinostrobin from Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata ROXB. SCHLECHT) and Their Analgesic Activity Based on in Silico Studies

Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata ROXB. SCHLECHT) is one of Indonesia medicinal plants which contains essential oils and flavonoids and it has interesting pharmacological activities, such as antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. It also contains pinostrobin which potent as anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities through inhibition of COX-2 enzymes. This research was to obtain pinostrobin derivatives of acylation reactions between pinostrobin and acyl chloride derivatives. The structure modifications of pinostrobin were obtained by Schotten-Baumann method through nucleophilic substitution reactions between pinostrobin and acyl chloride derivatives. Their structure had analyzed using the spectrophotometric analysis (NMR, IR, and GC/MS). The investigation of structure modifications of pinostrobin (1) from this plant has demonstrated the presence of pinostrobin acetate (2) and new pinostrobin propionate (3). The 2 and 3 are derivatives of pinostrobin that can be synthesized using the Schotten-Baumann method to yield 84.3% and 73.9%, respectively. The results of in silico study between pinostrobin and pinostrobin acyl derivatives on the COX-2 receptor with a PDB code: 1PXX showed that pinostrobin RS value was -87.18kcal/mol, while pinostrobin propionate had a RS value of -98.61 kcal/mol. It can be predicted that the pinostrobin acyl derivative has greater analgesic activity than pinostrobin, so it is feasible to be developed and carried out research on its analgesic activity in vivo.

Anti-Austerity Activity of Thai Medicinal Plants: Chemical Constituents and Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Activities of Kaempferia parviflora

Human pancreatic tumor cells have an intrinsic ability to tolerate nutrition starvation and survive in the hypovascular tumor microenvironment, the phenomenon termed as “austerity”. Searching for an agent that inhibits such tolerance to nutrient starvation and kills the pancreatic cancer cells preferentially in nutrient-starvation is a unique anti-austerity strategy in anti-cancer drug discovery. In this strategy, plant extracts and compounds are tested against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line under the conditions of nutrient-deprived medium (NDM) and nutrient-rich medium (DMEM), to discover the compounds that show selective cytotoxicity in NDM. Screening of twenty-five Thai indigenous medicinal plant extracts for their anti-austerity activity against the PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line in nutrient deprived medium (NDM) resulted in the identification of four active plants, Derris scandens, Boesenbergia pandurata, Citrus hystrix, and Kaempferia parviflora, with PC50 values 0.5–8.9 µg/mL. K. parviflora extract also inhibited PANC-1 cancer cell colony formation. Phytochemical investigation of K. parviflora extract led to the isolation of fourteen compounds, including two polyoxygenated cyclohexanes (1 and 2), eleven flavonoids (3–13), and β-sitosterol (14). Stereochemical assignment of compound 1 was confirmed through X-ray analysis. All isolated compounds were tested for their preferential cytotoxicity against PANC-1 cells. Among them, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (3) displayed the most potent activity with a PC50 value of 0.8 µM. Mechanistically, it was found to induce apoptosis in PANC-1 cell death in NDM as evident by caspase cleavage. It was also found to inhibit PANC-1 cancer cell colony formation in DMEM. Therefore, compound 3 can be considered as a potential lead compound for the anticancer drug development based on the anti-austerity strategy.