Body Weight Categories Research Articles

Towards Personalised Contrast Injection: Artificial-Intelligence-Derived Body Composition and Liver Enhancement in Computed Tomography.

In contrast-enhanced computed tomography, total body weight adapted contrast injection protocols have proven successful in achieving a homogeneous enhancement of vascular structures and liver parenchyma. However, because solid organs have greater perfusion than adipose tissue, the lean body weight (fat-free mass) rather than the total body weight is theorised to cause even more homogeneous enhancement. We included 102 consecutive patients who underwent a multiphase abdominal computed tomography between March 2016 and October 2019. Patients received contrast media (300 mgI/mL) according to bodyweight categories. Using regions of interest, we measured the Hounsfield unit (HU) increase in liver attenuation from unenhanced to contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Furthermore, subjective image quality was graded using a four-point Likert scale. An artificial intelligence algorithm automatically segmented and determined the body compositions and calculated the percentages of lean body weight. The hepatic enhancements were adjusted for iodine dose and iodine dose per total body weight, as well as percentage lean body weight. The associations between enhancement and total body weight, body mass index, and lean body weight were analysed using linear regression. Patients had a median age of 68 years (IQR: 58–74), a total body weight of 81 kg (IQR: 73–90), a body mass index of 26 kg/m2 (SD: ±4.2), and a lean body weight percentage of 50% (IQR: 36–55). Mean liver enhancements in the portal venous phase were 61 ± 12 HU (≤70 kg), 53 ± 10 HU (70–90 kg), and 53 ± 7 HU (≥90 kg). The majority (93%) of scans were rated as good or excellent. Regression analysis showed significant correlations between liver enhancement corrected for injected total iodine and total body weight (r = 0.53; p < 0.001) and between liver enhancement corrected for lean body weight and the percentage of lean body weight (r = 0.73; p < 0.001). Most benefits from personalising iodine injection using %LBW additive to total body weight would be achieved in patients under 90 kg. Liver enhancement is more strongly associated with the percentage of lean body weight than with the total body weight or body mass index. The observed variation in liver enhancement might be reduced by a personalised injection based on the artificial-intelligence-determined percentage of lean body weight.

Ultrasound evaluation of adrenal gland size in clinically healthy dogs and in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.

Precise reference intervals of adrenal gland thickness are required for detection of adrenomegaly in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Eighty-six clinically healthy dogs were prospectively included, and 91 dogs with untreated HAC were retrospectively evaluated. Dorso-ventral adrenal gland thickness was ultrasonographically measured on the sagittal plane. Dogs were classified into four body weight categories, and those with HAC were also ultrasonographically classified as consistent with pituitary-dependent HAC (PDH), adrenal-dependent HAC (FAT), equivocal adrenal asymmetry (EAA), or normal adrenal thickness. The upper limits for left adrenal gland in clinically healthy dogs were 5.1 mm (≥2.5-5 kg), 5.5 mm (>5-10 kg), 6.4 mm (>10-20 kg), and 7.3 mm (>20-40 kg), and for right adrenal gland the upper limits were 5.3 mm (≥2.5-5 kg), 6.8 mm (>5-10 kg), 7.5 mm (>10-20 kg), and 8.7 mm (>20-40 kg). The sensitivity of ultrasound to detect adrenomegaly in dogs with HAC was 95.6%. Most dogs with HAC (56.0%) had ultrasound findings consistent with either PDH or FAT; however, EAA was commonly occurring in 39.6% of dogs with HAC. The sensitivity of ultrasonography to detect adrenomegaly in dogs with HAC is high when using four weight categories. EAA is common in dogs with HAC.

Internalized weight stigma and intuitive eating among stressed adults during a mindful yoga intervention: associations with changes in mindfulness and self-compassion

ABSTRACT Purpose Internalized weight stigma (IWS) is common in the United States of America across body weight categories, and is implicated in the development of distress and unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g. overeating, disordered eating) that can foster poor cardiometabolic health. While emerging intervention research shows early promise in reducing IWS, long-term efficacy is unclear and novel strategies remain needed. This analysis examined whether participation in a mindful yoga intervention was associated with reduced IWS and increased intuitive eating, an adaptive eating behavior, and whether these changes correlated with each other or with changes in mindfulness and self-compassion. Methods Participants were stressed adults with low fruit and vegetable intake (N = 78, 64.1% White, M. Body Mass Index 25.59 ± 4.45) enrolled in a parent clinical trial of a 12-week mindful yoga intervention. Validated self-report measures of IWS, intuitive eating, mindfulness, and self-compassion were administered at pre-treatment, mid-treatment (8 weeks), post-treatment (12 weeks), and 4-month follow-up (24 weeks). Results Linear mixed modeling revealed significant improvements in IWS and intuitive eating across the four timepoints (p < .001). Reduced IWS correlated with increased intuitive eating pre- to post-treatment (p = .01). Improved self-compassion and mindfulness correlated with intuitive eating (both p = . 04), but not IWS (p = .74 and p = .56, respectively). Conclusion This study offers preliminary support for the hypothesis that mindful yoga may promote intuitive eating and reduce IWS among stressed adults with poor diet, and suggests that changes in these factors may co-occur over time. Further investigation with controlled designs is necessary to better understand the temporality and causality of these relationships. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02098018.

Data Mining of MR Technical Parameters

Exposure to radiofrequency (RF) energy during a magnetic resonance imaging exam is a safety concern related to biological thermal effects. Estimation of the specific absorption rate (SAR) is done by manufacturer scanner integrated tools to monitor RF energy. This work presents an exploratory approach of DICOM metadata focused in whole-body SAR values, patient dependent parameters, and pulse sequences. Previously acquired abdominopelvic and head studies were retrieved from a 3 Tesla scanner. Dicoogle tool was used for metadata indexing, mining, and extraction. Specifically weighted pulse sequences were related with weight, BMI, and gender through boxplot diagrams and effect size analysis. A decrease of SAR values with increasing body weight and BMI categories is observable for abdominopelvic studies. Head studies showed different trends regarding distinct pulse sequences; in addition, underage patients register higher SAR values compared to adults. Male individuals register marginally higher SAR values. Metadata recording practices and standardization need to be improved.

Effects of duration of betaine supplementation on growth performance and blood IGF-1 in light- and normal-weight weaner pigs under commercial conditions

Context Betaine supplementation has been reported to increase insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in pigs. Betaine is not generally added to weaner pig diets due to a lack of knowledge on the duration of supplementation and effect on targeted bodyweight class. Light-weight weaners, known for their inferior growth performance, may benefit from betaine supplementation during the early days post-weaning. Aims This experiment aimed to identify the timing of betaine supplementation over the weaner phase (early (0–7 days) or late (7–35 days) post-weaning periods) and targeted weaning weight class (light vs normal). Methods The experiment followed a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for studying the effects of 0.1% betaine supplementation during early (0–7 days post-weaning) and late (7–35 days post-weaning) weaner phase in light-weight and normal-weight weaners. One hundred and forty-four pens (18 pigs/pen) of weaned pigs (26 days age) were allocated into a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement on the basis of weaning weight class ((light (3.6 ± 0.75 kg, mean ± s.d.) vs normal (6.6 ± 0.84 kg, mean ± s.d.)), early weaner phase diet (control vs 0.1% betaine) and late weaner phase diet (control vs 0.1% betaine). Basal diets contained sufficient methionine and choline as per industry practice. Growth performance during early, late and whole weaner phase were recorded. Blood IGF-1 was measured at 7 days and 35 days post-weaning. Key results Supplementing 0.1% betaine during the early weaner phase reduced (P &lt; 0.05) growth rate over the early post-weaning period (0–7 days) in both light- and normal-weight weaners, although blood IGF-1 concentration (7 days post-weaning) was not affected. Betaine supplementation during early or late weaner phase did not affect growth performance over the late weaner phase (7–35 days), whole weaner phase (0–35 days) or blood IGF-1 concentration (35 days) of light- or normal-weight weaners. Light-weight weaners had a lower feed intake, and a lower average daily gain than did the normal-weight weaners during the early, late and whole post-weaning periods (all P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions Light-weight weaners had inferior production performance during the weaner phase, which was not improved by betaine supplementation. Implications Betaine supplementation is not recommended in the weaner phase when other dietary methyl donors are sufficient.

Prevalence of Obesity and Body Weight Perception among Pregnant Women

Obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide and there is a general misconception regarding body weight perception. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and body weight perception among pregnant women. A total of 315 pregnant women participated in this study. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) was recorded and weight perception was assessed using a questionnaire. About two third (60.6%, n=191) participants in the study had excess weight out of which, 29.8% (n=94) were obese and 30.8% (n=97) were overweight. There was poor agreement between participant’s true body weight category and their perception (k=0.185 (95% CI, 0.119 to 0.258), p&lt;0.001). Majority of participants who were obese (84%, n=79) and overweight (77.4%, n=75) underestimated their weight status. Only a very small percentage of obese (16%, n=15) and overweight 18.6% (n=18) participants had correct perception of their weight. However, the majority (84.3%, n=86) of participants with normal body weight had correct perception regarding their body weight. This study found that most obese and overweight women tend to underestimate their weight status while those of normal weight had correct perception of their body weight. The inaccurate perception of those who are obese and overweight may impact weight gain during pregnancy and affect pregnancy related complications. Education regarding ideal body weight and its benefits needs to be instilled during pre-pregnancy care to achieve better overall outcome.

Weight perception and measured body weight categories among adolescents in rural government schools in Sri Lanka

The Ceylon Journal of Medical Science (CJMS) since its re-launch in 2016 is the official journal of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo. The focus of the CJMS is to provide a platform to those involved in diverse fields of medical science to publish high quality research. This will facilitate promotion of evidence based medicine and thereby improve health care. This platform is open to doctors, researchers, scientists in medical sciences and medical education and students in both medical and allied health sciences. The CJMS is an open access, peer-reviewed journal.

Effects of strain, live weight and micro-environment on body weight development of cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) in the humid tropics

Interactive effects of strain, live weight and a non-genetic factor namely micro-environment on the live weight development of cane rats reared in captivity were investigated over a seven-month period. A total of seventy-nine (79) cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) originating from three different sources (strains) and of four body weight categories were used for the study. The treatment design was 4x3 Factorial of Live-weightXStrain randomlyassigned to 3 Houses (block) using RCBD, while statistical analysis utilized GLM procedure of SAS® (1999). Data were recorded monthly based on Treatment-combinations and House-micro-environment. Results revealed that effects of strain, live weight category and house-micro-environment on strains were significant. Consequently, interactive effect of strainXhouse-micro-environment was found most depressing on awole&gt;FRIN&gt;Bamidele, while strainXlive-weight category interaction exerted most positive influence on Lawole strain which demonstrated the highest ability for body weight development than other two strains. Findings revealed that interactive effect of STRxHME was most significant on weight development. Bamidele strain was identified as most acclimatized and adaptable of the three strains based on least body weight sensitivity and variation between HMEs. Different strains of cane rat in captive rearing systems would exhibit different and specific reaction norms under interaction of strain, Body weight and House-micro-environment. This knowledge is useful for feeding regimes, husbandry and reeding schemes for cane rats in humid tropics.

Explorative analysis of relationships among breed, growth traits, prices and sex of sheep using structural equation modeling

The dynamics of factors that cumulate to determine the prices of sheep during festive periods (Eid al-Adha) are known. However, such factors that dictate prices during off-season (non-festivity periods) are not fully known. Structural equation modeling as a multivariate analytical tool is capable of bringing out the latent (hidden) factors responsible for price determination for sheep. Prices, body weight and linear body measurements of 621 sheep of both sexes consisting of Balami, Sudanese, Uda and Yankasa breeds were used to examine relationships among the variables. The sheep were obtained from Unguwa Uku, Dorayi, Kara, Bachirawa, Yankaba, Mariri and Kabara livestock markets in Municipal, Taruauni, Gmale, Nassarawa, Fagge and Dala Local Government Areas of Kano State. Body weights, neck length, back length, leg length, height at wither, loin girth and chest girth were parameters monitored. The data obtained were subjected to generalized least squares (GLS) estimator of a triangular seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model. Maximum likelihood estimation method of structural equation modelling was used to generate parameter estimates through recursive system with correlated errors (SEM Command Language). Price of sheep is an observed variable while type and body parameters were generated as latent variables. Type as a latent variable had direct relationships with breed, sex and body weight class. Body parameter on the other hand had direct relationships with body weight and all the linear body measurements. The z-values were 2.9 for breed, 2.8 for sex and 2.5 for body weight class, others are 4.6 for birth weight, 1.9 for neck length, 4.1 for back length, 6.8 for loin, 7.4 for chest girth, 8.3 for height at wither and 6.1 for leg length. Simultaneous prediction equations for estimating prices of sheep had been generated for some selected livestock markets in Kano State.

PRO33 Ravulizumab Reduces Productivity Losses Versus Eculizumab for Treating Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A 'cost Consequence' Analysis in 4 Countries

Ravulizumab, a long-acting complement C5 inhibitor for the treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), was engineered from eculizumab to reduce dosing frequency and improve patient outcomes. This multinational study compared the potential impact on productivity of different ravulizumab and eculizumab treatment regimens. A ‘cost consequence calculator’ was used to compare hours spent in treatment and resultant productivity losses among patients with aHUS treated with ravulizumab (10 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL) or eculizumab, in clinic or at home, in Germany, Italy, the UK and the USA. Body weight was used to determine the number and dose of infusions. In a hypothetical population of 100 patients treated for one year, spread equally across four body weight categories (≥10–20 kg; >20–40 kg; >40–60 kg and >60–100 kg), lost productivity costs were calculated as the product of the aggregate country-specific durations of therapy (medication preparation time, treatment duration, recovery and travel time) and a normalized baseline wage of US$20/hour. It was assumed that all infants/children and 10–20% of adolescents/adults were accompanied by a caregiver during treatment. In all four countries, ravulizumab was associated with a lower aggregate duration of therapy than eculizumab (3,558–6,664 hours [ravulizumab 100 mg/mL] versus 13,873–21,870 hours [eculizumab]), with the lowest duration of therapy associated with 100 mg/mL ravulizumab administered at home. For infusions administered at home, ravulizumab 100 mg/mL reduced the impact on productivity losses by 73% in Germany (reduction of $202,594) and 74% in the UK and USA (reductions of $206,517 and $208,795, respectively), compared with eculizumab. In Italy, where infusions are only available in clinic, ravulizumab 100 mg/mL reduced the impact on productivity losses by 70% (reductions of $260,790). For patients with aHUS, ravulizumab substantially reduces aggregate duration of therapy and lowers productivity losses compared with eculizumab across multiple countries.

267 Determining the effects of diet complexity and body weight categories on growth performance of nursery pigs

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding complex or simple diets to nursery pigs sorted by body weight (BW) on growth performance. A total of 1,296 pigs (PIC 337×Camborough, initially 5.8±0.10 kg) were used in a 35-d study. Pens of pigs were blocked by gender and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 treatments. Treatments included three BW categories: light (4.7±0.10 kg), medium (5.8±0.10 kg), and heavy (7.1±0.10 kg); and two dietary strategies: simple (SD) or complex (CD) diets. Treatments were fed in two phases from d 0-10 and 10-20, followed by 15-d with common diet. Simple diets had greater soybean meal (20/26 vs 12/20%) and phytase levels (2,000 vs 500FTU/kg), lower specialty protein (8.1/4.2 vs 12.0/6.8%) and lactose levels (12/5.3 vs 18/11.5%) compared to CD. There were 8 or 11 pens per treatment and 24 pigs per pen. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. There was no evidence of interaction for any response criteria. During the treatment period (d 0-20), pigs fed CD had greater (P&amp;lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and improved (P&amp;lt; 0.10) feed efficiency (G:F) compared to pigs fed SD. During the common period (d 20-35), pigs fed SD had greater (P&amp;lt; 0.05) ADG and ADFI compared to pigs fed CD. Overall (d 0-35), there was no evidence of differences in ADG, ADFI, G:F, and final BW between SD or CD. Heavy pigs had the greatest (P&amp;lt; 0.05) ADG and ADFI followed by medium and light pigs. In conclusion, pigs fed SD after weaning had poorer performance compared to pigs fed CD but were able to recover the loss in performance when switched to a common diet. This indicates nursery nutrition programs can be simplified without negatively affecting performance from 5.8 to 16.6 kg.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland size in two body weight categories of healthy adult cats.

Adrenal gland size and its association with body weight have been rarely evaluated in cats. This study was undertaken to assess the association between feline body weight and adrenal gland thickness, and to propose reference intervals (RIs) for adrenal gland thickness in healthy cats. This was a cross-sectional study in which 39 healthy cats were included. The cats were divided into two weight categories, classified as ⩽4.0 kg and >4-8 kg of ideal body weight (with 13 and 26 cats in each group, respectively), which took into consideration the body condition score of the cats. All cats underwent an ultrasound examination that was taken from a subcostal position. Maximum dorsoventral thicknesses of the left (MTL) and right (MTR) adrenal glands were measured in a sagittal plane. RIs were obtained for the maximum thickness (MT), which included the MTLs and MTRs of each cat. RIs with the 90% confidence intervals were calculated according to American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines on RIs. No statistical differences for adrenal gland thickness were observed between the left and right (P = 0.543) adrenal glands or between male and female cats (P = 0.943). Mean MT was significantly greater in the group of cats weighing >4-8 kg compared with the group of cats weighing ⩽4 kg (3.7 ± 0.6 vs 3.2 ± 0.4 mm; P <0.005). The lower limit of the RI for MT was 2.4 mm (range 2.2-2.6 mm) in the group weighing ⩽4 kg and 2.6 mm (range 2.4-2.8 mm) in the group weighing >4-8 kg. The upper limit of the RI for MT was 3.9 mm (range 3.7-4.1 mm) in the group of cats weighing ⩽4 kg and 4.8 mm (range 4.6-5.1 mm) in the group of cats weighing >4-8 kg. The use of RIs based on two group sizes allows for a more accurate ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland thickness in cats. The maximum normal adrenal gland thickness is lower in smaller cats (3.9 mm for those weighing ⩽4 kg and 4.8 mm for those weighing >4-8 kg).

How reliable is BMI? Bioimpedance analysis of body composition in underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women

BackgroundThe human body consists of water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and minerals that build cells, tissues, and organs. In healthy people, the content of these molecules remains nearly constant. The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to classify abnormal body composition among adults. According to the WHO, a high BMI is a major risk factor for many diseases. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a commonly used method for assessing body composition in clinical practice and medical research.AimsThe aim of this study was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using BMI in diagnosis of underweight, overweight, and obesity, by comparing the value of the index with the values of body composition analysis parameters.MethodsA total of 267 healthy women 18 to 35 years of age participated in this study. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed on all participants at the beginning of the experiment with an InBodyS10 device.ResultsIn the BMI categories of overweight and obese, only women with excessive BFM were measured with BIA. The BMI category of normal body weight, apart from women with normal body composition, includes people with both deficient and excess body components, e.g., body fat or lean body mass. The BMI category of underweight includes women with different body compositions as well as people with excessive fat content.ConclusionsThe BMI is useful to provide a warning of excessive fat content in overweight and obese women, whereas among normal weight and underweight women, it may mask various types of body composition defects.

Sex differences and impact of body mass on performance from childhood to senior athletes in Olympic weightlifting.

BackgroundOlympic weightlifting requires technical skills, explosive power, strength, and coordination. Weightlifters can be competitive within a range of morphological characteristics due to competition body weight classes. To date no studies have examined when sex differences arise in weightlifting and the impact of body mass on performances at different ages.ObjectivesTo examine when sex-related differences emerge, to quantify the influence of body mass on performances at different ages, and to estimate the age at peak performance.MethodsCompetitions results from USA Weightlifting National Championships, Youth, Junior, and Senior from 2014 to 2019 were collected for weightlifters aged 6 to 30.ResultsAt age 10 the median total weight lifted was 51kg and 54kg, respectively, for girls and boys. From age 10 to 12 a gender gap emerges with a sex difference of 11.7% at age 14 at 55kg body mass. At age 25 the sex-related performance difference is smaller for lighter athletes (23.6% at 69kg body mass) and larger for heavier athletes (29.9% at 81kg body mass). The median peak age for men is 26.5 years (95% CI: 25.7, 27.3) and for women 25.9 years (95% CI: 24.7, 27.3).ConclusionWe quantified the impact of body weight and age and sex differences for youth and young adults, ages 6 to 30 years old, participating in national level Olympic weightlifting competitions in the United States. Body weight at younger ages has less impact on performance compared to older ages, and boys and girls perform similarly. When reaching the ages typically associated with the onset of puberty, boys’ performances rapidly increase and the gap between genders widens. Women achieve peak performance at a similar age than men. Such results may help to establish progression trajectories for talented athletes and inform coaches, athletes and national governing bodies.

Quantile foliation for modelling performance across body mass and age in Olympic weightlifting

In this work, we develop ‘quantile foliation’ to predict outcomes for one explanatory variable based on two covariates and varying quantiles. This is an extension of quantile sheets. Data from World Championships in Olympic weightlifting with athletes aged 13 to 90 are used to study performances across the life span. Weightlifters of all ages compete in body weight classes, and we study performance development for adolescents, age at peak performance and decline for Masters athletes who are 35 years or older. In prior studies, weightlifting performances were compared with a body mass adjustment formula developed using world records. Although intended for elite athletes with highest performances, this formula was applied to weightlifters of all ages, and age factors for Masters were estimated based on these body mass adjustments. A comparison of youth athletes’ performances for different body mass has not been done. With quantile foliation, it is possible to examine age-associated patterns of performance increase for youth and to study the decline after reaching the peak performance. This can be done for athletes with different body mass and different performance levels as measured by quantiles. R code and example data are available as supplementary materials.

Relación entre las características de la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico general y específico en competidores de taekwondo chilenos de nivel nacional de ambos sexos: un estudio observacional

Introducción: El objetivo fue examinar la relación entre las características de la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico general y específico en competidores de TKD de nivel nacional de Chile de ambos sexos. Material y métodos: Diseño observacional con 14 competidores de diferentes categorías de peso corporal y que compiten habitualmente en torneos de nivel regional y nacional edad 19 (3) años; talla 164 (10) cm; peso corporal 62 (10) kg; años de experiencia 7,2 (2,9) años participaron en este estudio. Se evaluaron el peso corporal (kg) (PC), la masa grasa (kg), (MG), el porcentaje de masa grasa (%MG), la masa muscular (kg) (MM) y el índice de masa corporal (kg/m2) (IMC). Variables del RF general incluyeron squat jump (cm) (SJ), countermovement jump (cm) (CMJ), velocidad lineal en 5-m (s) (5-M) y 20-m shuttle run test (min) (20MSR) y de forma específica la prueba de agilidad específica en taekwondo (s) (TSAT) y la prueba de velocidad de frecuencia múltiple de patadas (FSKTMULT), específicamente el índice de disminución de patadas (FSKTMULT KDI %) y el número máximo de patadas ejecutadas (FSKTMULT MAX). Resultados: Se documentó una relación grande significativa (p &lt; 0,00) entre el %MG, la MG y la MM y la mayoría de las variables de rendimiento físico general analizadas. Relaciones grandes significativas (p &lt; 0,05) se observaron entre %MG, la MG y la MM y la prueba TSAT. Una relación grande significativa se documentó entre la MM y FSKTMULT MAX (p&lt;0,03) y entre la MG y FSKTMULT KDI % (p&lt;0,04). Correlaciones moderadas a bajas se observaron entre el PC y el IMC en la mayoría de las variables de rendimiento físico analizadas. Conclusiones: Los datos sugieren que un bajo %MG y MG seguido de una adecuada MM están relacionados con el rendimiento físico general específico en competidores chilenos de TKD de nivel nacional de ambos sexos.

Typical values for pediatric interventional cardiology catheterizations: A standardized approach towards Diagnostic Reference Level establishment

PurposeTo define weight-stratified Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL) typical values for pediatric interventional cardiology (IC) procedures adopting standardized methodologies proposed by ICRP135 and RP185. MethodsProcedures performed at the pediatric catheterization room of the University-Hospital of Padua were analysed. Patients were stratified into body weight (BW) classes and DRL quantities were analysed for the most performed procedures. Typical values are defined as median PKA and Ka,r. For database consistency, sampling and exclusion methods were precisely defined. The DRL-curve methodology by means of quantile regression median curves was investigated to assess the relationship between PKA and weight. A like-to-like comparison with literature was made. Results385 procedures were analysed. A large PKA variability was observed in each weight group. PKA differences across BW groups were not always statistically significant. When stratifying by procedure, PKA variability decreased while correlations of PKA and PKA/FT with weight increased. The established typical values are generally lower than DRLs published data, whatever stratification method adopted. The highest PKA median values were observed for Angioplasty (4.9 and 11.6 Gycm2 for 5-<15 kg and 15-<30 kg, respectively). The DRL-curve approach shows promising results for Valvuloplasty and Angioplasty. ConclusionsTypical values for pediatric IC DRL quantities were determined according to ICRP135 and RP185 methodologies. Stratification by BW classification does not reduce the variability of the PKA values, unlike what happens when stratifying by procedure type. Results seem to corroborate that variability and exposure are more affected by procedure type and complexity than by patient weight. DRL-curve is a feasible approach.

Influence of Body Weight Category on Outcomes in Candidemia Patients Treated With Anidulafungin

Background: Case reports and pharmacokinetic data suggest off-label echinocandin dosing may be needed to reach adequate serum concentrations in obese patients. Few outcome studies exist evaluating this population. Objectives: Of this study were to (1) determine the association of body mass index (BMI) with clinical outcomes of candidemia patients on standard doses of anidulafungin and (2) characterize fungal infections by body weight. Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted to evaluate hospitalized patients treated for candidemia with anidulafungin at Food and Drug Administration–labeled dosing for at least 72 hours from January 1, 2014, through January 31, 2018. Candidemia was diagnosed by blood culture or T2 magnetic resonance (T2MR). Patients were compared according to BMI category. Results: One hundred seventy-three patients were included. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were identified in 58 (33%) and 57 (33%) patients, respectively. Mortality was comparable according to BMI category: 4 (36.4%) underweight, 8 (25.8%) normal weight, 16 (32.0%) overweight, 20 (33.9%) obese, and 7 (31.8%) morbidly obese, P = .976. Variables associated with mortality included: severe sepsis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7-14.8) and liver disease (adjusted OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1-9.4). Variables that were protective of mortality included: line removal (adjusted OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.02-0.2) and receipt of anidulafungin for at least 5 days (adjusted OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15-0.8). Conclusion: There was no difference detected in mortality among patients with candidemia across BMI category. Larger studies are needed to confirm whether standard doses of anidulafungin are sufficient for candidemia in obese patients.

Excessive body weight of children and adolescents in the spotlight of their parents\u2019 overweight and obesity, physical activity, and screen time

ObjectivesThe main aim of this study was to bridge the research gap in the countries of Central Europe using the family dyad approach to examine the associations of parents’ overweight/obesity, physical activity (PA), and screen time (ST) with excessive body weight in their offspring.MethodsThe cross-sectional study included 1101 parent–child dyads (648/453 mother/father–child aged 4–16) selected by two-stage stratified random sampling with complete data on body weight categories, weekly PA (Yamax pedometer), ST (family logbook) collected over a regular school/working week during the spring and autumn seasons between 2013 and 2019. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify which of parents’ lifestyle indicators were associated with the overweight/obesity of their offspring.ResultsThe mother’s overweight/obesity significantly increases her children’s odds of overweight/obesity. Concerning fathers, active participation in organized leisure-time PA and reaching 10,000 steps per day significantly reduce the odds of overweight/obesity in their children and adolescent offspring.ConclusionsThe cumulative effect of parental participation in organized leisure-time PA with their own family-related PA can be a natural means of preventing the development of overweight/obesity in their offspring.

Increasing Dietary Lysine Impacts Differently Growth Performance of Growing Pigs Sorted by Body Weight.

Simple SummaryThe increasing demand on animal products expected for the next decades requires animal production systems to become more efficient in resource use. Most commercial operations feed all pigs the same feed at a determined time depending on the average BW of the batch, but without considering the variability of the population. However, low body weight (BW) pigs have been related to extra costs as reduced barn utilization, losses due to the poor carcass grading and inefficiency of phase feeding strategies. Some studies have previously hypothesized the need to do different phase feeding strategies to pigs sorted by initial BW. This work aimed to compare the effect of increasing the standardized ileal digestible lysine to net energy ratio (SID Lys:NE) over the performance of growing pigs sorted by initial BW in 3 categories (small, medium, and large). The results showed that small pigs could use more efficiently high SID Lys:NE diets compared to the large pigs during the growing phase (28–63 kg). The conclusions imply positive effects of feeding higher dietary lysine to small pigs to compensate for their reduced feed intake capacity. This strategy might improve growth rate and feed efficiency, without increasing feed costs per kg gain.An experiment was conducted analyzing whether growing pigs classified in different initial body weight categories (BWCAT) have a different response to increasing standardized ileal digestible lysine to net energy ratio (SID Lys:NE), to assess whether light pigs might benefit from being differentially fed. A total of 1170 pigs in pens of 13 were individually weighed, classified in 3 BWCAT (Lp: 32.1 ± 2.8 kg, Mp: 27.5 ± 2.3 kg, and Sp: 23.4 ± 2.9 kg), and afterwards pens were randomly allocated to 5 dietary SID Lys:NE treatments (3.25 to 4.88 g/Mcal) fed over 47 days. Results reported a greater linear improvement of growth and feed efficiency of Sp compared to Lp when increasing SID Lys:NE. Modelling the response to SID Lys:NE using quadratic polynomial models showed that the levels to reach 98% of maximum growth from day 0–47 were 3.67, 3.88, 4.06 g SID Lys/Mcal NE for Lp, Mp, and Sp, respectively. However, due to the overlapping SID Lys:NE confidence intervals at maximum performance, it was not possible to determine if requirements were different between BWCAT. Summarizing, the results suggested that feeding small pigs greater SID Lys:NE than large pigs can improve their performance and increase the efficiency of the overall production system.