Body Safety Research Articles

Влияние таргетных пробиотиков на ось «микробиота – кишечник – иммунная система

The gastrointestinal tract is a multifunctional system that performs numerous functions, including immunity. It is the basis of the body's safety, including neutralizing foreign antigens and xenobiotics, tolerance formation, or elimination. One of the most important protections for humans is the intestinal microbiota. Without symbiosis with trillions of microorganisms inhabiting the human intestine, the vital activity of the macroorganism is impossible. Therefore, the totality of the human and microbiota is considered as a superorganism. Within the framework of this paradigm, the review examines in detail numerous aspects of the interaction of the microbiota with various components of the immune system, and its role in the implementation of the immune response as a whole. In addition, the review pays attention to the problem of probiotics. Based on the understanding of the microbiota as a kind of "signaling interface" integrating exogenous and endogenous signals affecting both health and the manifestation of human diseases, the authors for the first time gave a scientific definition of "targeted probiotic therapy" as opposed to the concept of "empirical probiotic therapy" based on the principle of "one size fits all". Thus, "targeted probiotics" are safe, strain-level identifiable living microorganisms with established or suspected therapeutic targets, which, when introduced into the host body and possessing immunoregulatory, metabolic, microbiome-modulating, and other effects, can have a specific positive effect on the health (therapeutic or preventive), confirmed in randomized clinical trials. Key words: microbiota, microbiome, immune system, targeted probiotics, immunobiotics, nutraceuticals

Wireless Power Transmission with Uniform Power Delivery in the 3D Space of the Human Body using Resonators in Parallel.

This paper presents a novel resonance-based multi-coil wireless power transmission (WPT) system for powering implantable devices inside the 3D space of the human body. This design consists of a power amplifier, a transmitter coil, a cluster of resonators in parallel configuration, and a receiver unit, working at 13.56 MHz (the FCC-approved ISM-band). The proposed cluster configuration of the resonators in parallel configuration guarantees homogenous electromagnetic fields and uniform wireless power distribution in the 3D space of the body. It localizes the transmitted power at the receiver location naturally by activating the resonators near the receiver. We have modeled the proposed inductive link and the human body with HFSS software to optimize the design and study the body's safety by evaluating the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) level. The proposed WPT system is implemented, and the measured results show that the inductive link with multiple resonators in parallel configuration can continuously deliver power, >120 mW, wirelessly inside the 3D space of the human-torso with a power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 15%, uniformly. We have also extended the coverage area to the human forearm by paralleling resonators with the resonators in the central body. The power delivered to the load and PTE between the resonators on the forearm area are measured >90 mW and ~14%, respectively.

Methodological and interpretive issues in posture-cognition dual-tasking in upright stance

The traditionally separate researches on cognitive functions and basic coordinations such as stance and locomotion are coming together in the study of posture-cognition dual-tasking. The importance of this growing research area lies not only in the ubiquitous coexistence of postural and cognitive tasks but also in the observation that posture control very often has the dual role of securing the body's safety and balance while also providing a versatile, stable physical substrate well-suited to perception–action tasks. Although dual-task investigations strongly suggest that posture control and higher level cognition have common resource requirements, inconsistencies in the data and differences in experimental design make it difficult to distill a fuller understanding of the specific mechanisms behind posture-cognition dual-tasking. In this paper, we review the literature on upright standing with concurrent cognitive tasks, and highlight paradigmatic variations that possibly contribute to dual-task data differences. Implications arising from theoretical assumptions made about the role of postural control in the concurrent performance of cognitive tasks are also discussed.