Physiological Functions Of Body Research Articles

Recent Progress in Isolating and Purifying Amide Alkaloids from their Natural Habitats: A Review

Abstract: Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing chemical compounds found in nature. Many alkaloids are heterocyclic in nature. They are nitrogen-based organic compounds with the nitrogen atoms enclosed in a heterocyclic ring. The chemical "pro alkaloid" is derived from the alkyl amines in it. Many ancient people, long before the advent of organic chemistry, recognized that many of these substances have measurable effects on the body's physiological functions. Alkaloids are a type of natural substances that are classified as secondary metabolites. Many different types of organisms create alkaloids, which are a class of natural products. Alkaloids showed antifungal, local anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, neuropharmacologic, antimicrobial, and many other activities. Amines, as opposed to alkaloids, are the more common classification for naturally occurring compounds that contain nitrogen in the exocyclic position (such as mescaline, serotonin, and dopamine). An amide molecule has a nitrogen atom that is chemically bound to a carbon atom in the carbonyl group. The -oic acid ending of the corresponding carboxylic acid is converted to -amide to form the correct nomenclature for an amide. This article offers an overview of numerous techniques for extracting, separating, and purifying alkaloids for use in natural medicine.

Practice of neural homeostasis theory in the treatment of glioma

Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. It is resistant to traditional treatments or tends to invade brain functional areas. The current treatment options often lead to high rates of disability or mortality, emphasizing the urgent need for new therapies and approaches. Neurohomeostasis, which is responsible for maintaining normal physiological functions in body, plays a critical role in the development and progression of glioma. In the clinical management of glioma, it is important not only to target the tumor cells but also to address the neurohomeostatic imbalances before, during, and after surgery, for achieving better treatment outcomes. The exploration, development, and application of the neurohomeostasis theory in glioma treatment have the potential to develop current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, offering new perspectives for the clinical management of this condition.

Psycho-Educational Program sebagai Strategi Peningkatan Partisipasi Lansia pada Program Prolanis di Puskesmas Tamalanrea Makassar

In Indonesia, the elderly with chronic illnesses have a relatively high percentage. According to the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) results in 2018, data indicates an increase in non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and stroke among the elderly. The aging process in the elderly leads to a decline in physiological body functions, resulting in the emergence of non-communicable diseases in old age. The purpose of this community service activity is to enhance the knowledge of the elderly about chronic diseases (hypertension and type II diabetes) through a psycho-educational approach. The educational methods employed include lectures, counseling, and discussions. This activity took place on Friday, September 8, 2023, and was attended by 32 elderly individuals at the Tamalanrea Community Health Center who participated voluntarily. Based on observations, the majority of the elderly demonstrated good knowledge about chronic diseases after the question-and-answer sessions and discussions between the speakers and participants. It is hoped that through this activity, the community, especially the elderly, will gain a better understanding of chronic diseases (hypertension and type II diabetes), leading to behavioral changes and improved capabilities in identifying and preventing chronic illnesses in the future.

Potential of Collagen as an Active Ingredient in Cosmetics

Skin is the part of the outer body that is most often exposed to external factors, especially ultraviolet radiation. The skin has an important role in supporting the appearance so that it can affect human social life. Skin aging is a process of decreasing the body's physiological functions that cannot be avoided. The aging process of the skin can be caused by a decrease in collagen density and replacement of essential structural proteins so that the skin loses its integrity and elasticity. Collagen is the most abundant protein in humans which can be found in bones, muscles, skin and tendons. Several studies have shown that damaged collagen fibers can be replaced by new fibers when collagen production is stimulated, which is why many cosmetic industries are competing to develop the use of collagen. Collagen has shown potential as an antioxidant, skin moisturizer, and anti-aging. Therefore, this article examines the benefits of collagen, especially in the cosmetic field. This article also discusses the sources of collagen with the best properties as active ingredients for skin care products

The biological role of clove oil in the diet of mature male rabbits on the physiological body functions, oxidative stress and physical semen properties

In an eight-week experiment conducted throughout the months of January and February, 2023, the goal of this study was to determine how changing the diet of mature male rabbits to include clove oil affected their body's physiological processes and the quality of their sperm. In this study, 24 mature rabbit bucks that were 8 months old and weighed an average of 2.650 g in the first production year were used. In a final randomized plan, the bucks were randomly assigned to two experimental groups, each with twelve rabbits. Bucks served as the control group in the first group and were fed a commercial pelleted food without any supplements. Each buck in the second group received one milliliter of clove along with the daily diet requirement from commercial pellets. Every two weeks, values for weight gain, feed consumption, testosterone levels, blood constituents, libido, and semen quality were assessed. The findings demonstrated that including clove oil in the diet of bucks rabbits resulted in a significant (P<0.01) improvement in each of daily feed intake, daily weight gain, testosterone hormone, and γ-globulin and a significantly (P<0.01) reduced glucose, cholesterol fraction levels in comparison to the control group. Additionally, adding clove oil increased (P<0.01) the rabbit bucks' physical semen attributes values. It was determined that including clove oil in the diet of male rabbits improved physiological body processes, produced hypercholesterolemia, and raised the quality of the rabbits' sperm without having a negative impact on liver or kidney function.

Differences in Facial Skin Acidity Levels of Nurses in Sebelas Maret University Hospital, Before and After Surgical Mask Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Indonesia has reported more than 4 million confirmed COVID-19 cases as of November 2021. This has led to an increase in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), for example, surgical masks in hospitals, especially referral hospitals for COVID-19 patients. The Potential Hydrogen (pH) or level of acidity plays an important role in the body's physiological functions and regulates the formation of an epidermal barrier (stratum corneum). Thus, the use of surgical masks is able to influence the pH of human skin. This study aimed to determine the difference in facial skin acidity (pH) levels of nurses at Sebelas Maret University Hospital before and after surgical mask use.
 Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional observational method and was conducted at the Sebelas Maret University Hospital, Surakarta. A total of 55 subjects were involved in this study, and each subject’s facial skin Potential Hydrogen (pH) was measured before and after surgical mask use. Subsequently, all data were analyzed with a T-test using SPSS 21.00, and a p-value <0.05 indicated statistical significance.
 Results: The results showed facial skin pH increased after surgical mask use for nurses at the Sebelas Maret University Hospital (p = 0.000).
 Conclusion: An increase in the physiological value of skin pH was observed in the nurses of Sebelas Maret University Hospital after surgical mask use.

Reducing Stress and Anxiety in First-Year Undergraduates Through Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation Training.

Background:College students face many stressors daily, often resulting in psychological challenges such as heightened anxiety and depression. Biofeedback is becoming aware of and learning to modify the body's physiological functions. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biofeedback relaxation training in mitigating stress and anxiety levels among medical undergraduates. Methods:This pretest-posttest control group design study was conducted following the ethics committee's approval. The study selected first-year MBBS students based on their elevated stress and anxiety scores and divided them into intervention and control groups. The study involved subjecting the intervention group to 10 sessions of biofeedback relaxation training, while the control group was not given any treatment. Stress and anxiety levels were assessed before and after the intervention of 10 to 12 weeks using the Perceived Stress Scale-14 and Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale. Results:The study involved 93 students, with 47 of them in the intervention group and the remaining 46 in the control group. After biofeedback, the intervention group showed significantly lower stress and anxiety scores than the control group. Conclusion:Biofeedback training effectively reduced stress and anxiety levels among undergraduate medical students. Biofeedback techniques can be implemented in college settings to support student mental wellness.

An overview of Srotas w.s.r. to therapeutics in Ayurveda

In Ayurveda, Ayu is defined as conjunction of body, soul, mind and senses. Each has been given due importance in the maintenance of health and prevention and cure of disease. Ayurveda mention various aspects related to the normal physiological functioning of body, diseases and their management. Ayurveda elaborated one such concept of Srotas which means microchannels of body that performs functions of transportation and circulation. The Srotas not only perform important functions of body but also restore normal health status of body. Vitiation and depletion in Srotas can lead many pathological events inside the body. Present article described clinical perspective of Srotas as per Ayurveda considerations. When the vitiation of Srotas occurs, the treatment of Moolasthan can cure the whole deformity because Moolasthan is the control system of the whole Srotas.

Knee Extension Exercise Effects on Physiological and Psychophysical Performance: Normal Weight Versus Obese Office Workers.

Knee extension exercise is useful and practical for obese and overweight people as this form of exercise is effective in minimizing body weight loading on joints and improving the body's physiological function. This study aimed to compare the physiological and psychophysical parameters of office workers while computer-based working in an active workstation equipped with an active footrest (AFR) prototype with a mechanism for performing knee extension exercises in a sitting position, and also to compare the physiological and psychophysical parameters among normal-weight and obese office workers. In this quasi-experimental study, the physiological parameters of heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) (measured with the Fitbit Charge HR smartwatch) were measured in two cross-over random sessions for 32 office workers (16 normal-weight and 16 obese) aged 28 to 50 years (M = 42.72, standard deviation [SD] = 4.37) while performing office tasks in sitting and active workstations (equipped with AFR). Perceived physical exertion, comfort, fatigue, and liking were also measured by rating the participants. Short-term activity of the participants with AFR performing computer tasks significantly improved physiological and psychophysical parameters compared with the participants in sitting workstations. However, there was no significant difference in the effect of AFR on physiological and psychophysical parameters between normal-weight and obese participants. Given the significant increase in EE and HR resulting from exercise with AFR compared with the conventional workstation, the use of AFR can help office workers achieve the minimum standard of physical activity at their workplace.

FEEDING PATTERN WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN CHILDREN AGED 11-12 YEARS AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 04 SEPANJANG JAYA BEKASI CITY IN 2023

Beckground : The body's physiological function needs, as well as social and emotional needs, everyone needs to eat (consume food) with the right diet. Fulfillment of the amount of food and nutrients that are good for the body will lead to a better quality of one's health and this will have a positive impact on one's education. Adequate nutrition plays an important role during school age to ensure these children achieve their full or optimal growth, development and health potential. Weight is often a problem, triggering an increase in the prevalence of obesity and the emergence of eating disorders (malnutrition). Research Objectives : Knowing the Relationship Between Feeding Patterns and Nutritional Status in Children Aged 11-12 Years at SDN 04 Sepanjang Jaya Bekasi City in 2023 Research Methods : The research method used is quantitative with cross-sectional analytic research. The population in this study were children aged 11-12 years in grades 5 and 6 at SDN 04 Sepanjang Jaya, Bekasi City, consisting of 66 people. Research results : From the results of statistical analysis, it was obtained that the value of α was 5% (0.05) the results of the Chi-Square Test obtained a p-value (0.000) < the value of α (0.05) so that it could be concluded from these results that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Conclusion : There is a Relationship between Feeding Patterns and Nutritional Status in Children Aged 11-12 Years at SDN 04 Sepanjang Jaya, Bekasi City.

Advancements in precision nutrition: Steady‐state targeted delivery of food functional factors for nutrition intervention of chronic diseases

AbstractNutritional intervention plays a significant role in controlling the progression of chronic diseases and improving therapeutic outcomes. Food functional factors are bioactive compounds found in foods that can regulate body's physiological functions and support health by regulating enzyme activity and metabolic pathways. However, many food functional factors face significant challenges in terms of their bioavailability, stability, and solubility. Furthermore, individual differences in genetics, metabolism, lifestyle, and environmental factors can significantly influence nutrient requirements and intake. Therefore, personalized nutritional intervention and precise delivery based on individual characteristics are necessary to achieve precision nutrition. Steady‐state targeted delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach to improving the precise nutritional interventions for chronic diseases. In this review, we explore the latest progress in the steady‐state targeted delivery of food functional components for precision nutrition. We discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with these systems as well as their potential applications in managing chronic diseases and improving health outcomes. The review highlights the significant role that steady‐state targeted delivery systems can play in advancing precision nutrition and thus promoting better health for individuals.

Low energy availability reduces myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis in trained females.

Low energy availability (LEA) describes a state where the energy intake is insufficient to cover the energy costs of both exercise energy expenditure and basal physiological body functions. LEA has been associated with various physiological consequences, such as reproductive dysfunction. However, the effect of LEA on skeletal muscle protein synthesis in females performing exercise training is still poorly understood. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of LEA on daily integrated myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis in trained females. Thirty eumenorrheic females were matched based on training history and randomized to undergo 10days of LEA (25kcal·kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1 ·day-1 ) or optimal energy availability (OEA, 50kcal·kg FFM-1 ·day-1 ). Before the intervention, both groups underwent a 5-day 'run-in' period with OEA. All foods were provided throughout the experimental period with a protein content of 2.2gkg lean mass-1 ·day-1 . A standardized, supervised combined resistance and cardiovascular exercise training programme was performed over the experimental period. Daily integrated muscle protein synthesis was measured by deuterium oxide (D2 O) consumption along with changes in body composition, resting metabolic rate, blood biomarkers and 24h nitrogen balance. We found that LEA reduced daily integrated myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis compared with OEA. Concomitant reductions were observed in lean mass, urinary nitrogen balance, free androgen index, thyroid hormone concentrations and resting metabolic rate following LEA. These results highlight that LEA may negatively affect skeletal muscle adaptations in females performing exercise training. KEY POINTS: Low energy availability (LEA) with potential health and performance impairments is widespread among female athletes. We investigated the impact of 10days of LEA on daily integrated myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis in young, trained females. We show that LEA impairs myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis in trained females performing exercise training. These findings suggest that LEA may have negative consequences for skeletal muscle adaptations and highlight the importance of ensuring adequate energy availability in female athletes.

The Hunt and Hess Scale: Review

Sudden bleeding into the subarachnoid space is known as subarachnoid hemorrhage. The majorities of aneurysms are asymptomatic, and do not burst, but when they gradually grow unpredictably increase the risk of rupture and starts bleeding internally into subarachnoid space which is dangerous. Aneurysms can happen to anyone at any age. Proper diagnosis at right time can prevent rupture and serious complication due to SAH which may alter level of consciousness and other physiological functions in body. The assessment, Monitoring, Treatment and their outcome prediction is complex and challenging for nurses. The Hunt and Hess scale is useful for identifying severity of SAH and predictor of patient outcome.

The debated neuroanatomy of the fourth ventricle.

The fourth ventricle is a small, fluid-filled cavity located within the brain that plays a vital role in the body's physiological functions. Therefore, the anatomical elements forming it bear significant clinical relevance. However, the exact relations between the elements that form its roof are still debated in the neuroanatomical literature; the inferior medullary velum, and the ventricle's median aperture in particular. In some atlases, the inferior medullary velum is placed in the midline, while in others, it is placed in the transverse plane. The median aperture is also displayed in different ways in midsagittal drawings: as a round perforation of a midline velum, as a foramen in an uncharacterized part of the ventricle, and as a gap between the nodule and the brainstem. This work aims to provide a comprehensive review of the different descriptions of the fourth ventricle, in order to gain a clearer understanding of the ventricular system's structure.

Sport Fatigue Monitoring and Analyzing Through Multi-Source Sensors

During the process of daily training or competition, athletes may suffer the situation that the load exceeds the body's bearing capacity, which makes the body's physiological function temporarily decline. It is one of the characteristics of sports fatigue. Continuous sports fatigue may incur permanent damage to the athletes if they cannot timely get enough rest to recover. In order to solve this issue and improve the quality of athlete's daily training, this paper establish a fatigue monitoring system by using multi-source sensors. First, the sEMG signals of athlete are collected by multi-source sensors which are installed in a wearable device. Second, the collected sEMG signals are segmented by using fixed window to be converted as Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). Third, the MFCC features are used learn a Gaussian processing model which is used to monitor future muscle fatigue status. The experiments show that the proposed system can recognize more than 90% muscle fatigue states.

The circadian control of tryptophan metabolism regulates the host response to pulmonary fungal infections.

The environmental light/dark cycle has left its mark on the body's physiological functions to condition not only our inner biology, but also the interaction with external cues. In this scenario, the circadian regulation of the immune response has emerged as a critical factor in defining the host-pathogen interaction and the identification of the underlying circuitry represents a prerequisite for the development of circadian-based therapeutic strategies. The possibility to track down the circadian regulation of the immune response to a metabolic pathway would represent a unique opportunity in this direction. Herein, we show that the metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan, involved in the regulation of fundamental processes in mammals, is regulated in a circadian manner in both murine and human cells and in mouse tissues. By resorting to a murine model of pulmonary infection with the opportunistic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, we showed that the circadian oscillation in the lung of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)1, generating the immunoregulatory kynurenine, resulted in diurnal changes in the immune response and the outcome of fungal infection. In addition, the circadian regulation of IDO1 drives such diurnal changes in a pre-clinical model of cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive lung function decline and recurrent infections, thus acquiring considerable clinical relevance. Our results demonstrate that the circadian rhythm at the intersection between metabolism and immune response underlies the diurnal changes in host-fungal interaction, thus paving the way for a circadian-based antimicrobial therapy.

Wenn der Sterbeprozess nicht zum Tod führt

For some patients death no longer occurs as an event but comes at the end of a prolonged dying process. Particularly in patients with primary or secondary brain injury, physiological body functions can be maintained for weeks and months thanks to modern medical technology but these patients will never have a chance to regain consciousness. How long this dying process lasts depends on the intensity and duration of the medical and technical measures. It is known that the attitude of the population in Germany is divided with respect to the question of intensive medical measures to preserve life. According to a survey carried out by the Social Scientific Institute of The Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD), 57% of the participants feared being kept alive only by “machines”, whereas 30% were worried that the medical measures will not be exhausted and death prematurely occurs [1]. As far as an advance directive (living will) is present or a clearly expressed will can be identified, the legal and medical situations are unambiguous. The physician must respect and follow the self-determined will of the patient, the patient’s will is binding; however, there is a much more difficult problem if this will is not known or not clearly expressed. This problem area results in highly complex ethical, legal and social crossroads issues: is the limitation of medical and technical measures permitted under certain circumstances? Which criteria should be used as a basis for such a decision? Who has the authority to make the decision? Do we need a consensus procedure that leads to the decision? This article addresses these questions and aims to intensify the discussion on a problem that will become significantly more important in the future due to the rapid progress in medicine.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; What is Behind the Invisible Wounds??!!!

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the mental disorder that is encountered in sufferers who experienced or witnessed any kind of distressing events involving life threatening situations or extreme physical harm. Unfortunately, such a disorder significantly hurts the spirit, soul, mind, emotions, memories, and physiological body functions. It is a complicated condition that can be under-reported, missed, or undiagnosed, accordingly, raising public awareness about its etiology, manifestations, and prompt ways to deal with is crucial for its early diagnosis and proper intervention that will improve the quality of life of its sufferers dramatically. As not all wounds are visible and those invisible wounds are very difficult to treat and unlikely to disappear, it is important to collaborate efforts to understand and respect the suffering of PTSD victims and support them to bypass such a drastic disorder.

Aquaporins in Immune System.

Recent studies have shown that at least six aquaporins (AQPs), including AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP7, and AQP9, are expressed in immune system. These AQPs distribute in lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, and mediate water and glycerol transportation in these cells, which play important roles in innate and adaptive immune functions. Immune system plays important roles in body physiological functions and health. Therefore, understanding the association between AQPs and immune system may provide approaches to prevent and treat related diseases. Here we will discuss the expression and physiological functions of AQPs in immune system and summarize recent researches on AQPs in immune diseases.

The Application of Opera Art in Music Therapy for the Aged

This paper takes the aged in “Freda” Nursing Center in Jinan, Shandong as the research objects to carry out the individual music therapy and group music therapy. This paper adopts the experimental investigation method, observation method and comparison method. The study found that all the aged group showed different degrees of psychological problems in a certain extent. The aged in nursing homes are more likely to be lonely. With music therapy, the improvement is remarkable. Different operas have different effects on the aged in different regions and at different ages. Opera art is very beneficial to the physical and mental health of the aged. Through the training of opera singing for the aged, the body physiological functions and physical and mental health have been greatly improved.