Body Of Material Research Articles

A simple method for the preparation of cordierite ceramics with high strength and low thermal expansion coefficient

AbstractCordierite ceramics have great application prospects due to their very low coefficient of thermal expansion. However, the low purity of ceramics leads to their unsatisfactory fracture strength, which has always been a research focus. Herein, by applying external pressure to the green body of mixed raw materials and optimizing the synthesis temperature, high‐purity cordierite powder was prepared, and then it was used as the starting material for the fabrication of high‐strength cordierite ceramics. The optimal sample exhibited a flexural strength of 146 MPa, which is about 1.4 times that of the cordierite ceramics reported in the literature. This is attributed to applied external pressure increasing the contact area of raw materials, leading to a more thorough reaction, and the content of the α‐cordierite phase is 98.4 wt% in the sample synthesized at 1275°C. Concurrently, the samples possessed a thermal expansion coefficient of only 1.9 × 10−6°C−1 (room temperature to 800°C). In addition, the increase in columnar crystal volume fraction is also one of the reasons for the high strength and low thermal expansion coefficient of cordierite ceramics.

Entropy and Thermodynamic Temperature in Nonequilibrium Classical Thermodynamics as Immediate Consequences of the Hahn–Banach Theorem: I. Existence

The Kelvin–Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics is a stricture on the nature of heat receipt by any body suffering a cyclic process. It makes no mention of temperature or of entropy. Beginning with a Kelvin–Planck statement of the Second Law, we show that entropy and temperature—in particular, existence of functions that relate the local specific entropy and thermodynamic temperature to the local state in a material body—emerge immediately and simultaneously as consequences of the Hahn–Banach theorem. The existence of such functions of state requires no stipulation that their domains be restricted to equilibrium states. Further properties, including uniqueness, are addressed in a companion paper.

How inter-ethnic relations are reproduced through everyday social practices: A perspective from the Javanese nasi pecel vendors in Mataraman cities

There is growing scholarship on how ethnic groups with historical tensions recover and manage to build harmonious relationships. However, detailed accounts of the lived experiences of such relations are limited. We seek to address this gap by exploring everyday inter-ethnic relations between Javanese and Chinese Indonesians in Indonesia as exemplified in the practice of selling nasi pecel, the traditional food of Mataraman cities in East Java. Our eight-week fieldwork involved 30 nasi pecel sellers in the four cities of Madiun, Nganjuk, Kediri, and Jombang through go-alongs and subsequent photo-elicitation interviews. Our engagements with the sellers have enabled us to generate a large body of empirical materials comprising 35 interviews and over 200 photographs. In the roles of bricoleurs, we then worked abductively to make sense of the empirical materials generated to build case studies of six sellers which resonated with the stories of the other 24 nasi pecel sellers in the study. We focused on the centrality of the seemingly mundane everyday practices of selling nasi pecel in (re)producing inter-ethnic interactions between the Javanese nasi pecel sellers and the Chinese Indonesian landowners. The everyday interactions for purposes such as accessing electricity and water and serving the customers which have been enacted every day for decades build spaces for inter-ethnic friendship and solidarity. We discuss how such inter-ethnic relations are vital in Indonesian society by emplacing such phenomenon within the broader socio-historical context of Chinese Indonesian and Javanese inter-ethnic relations, which are often framed as adversarial.

TO THE EXPEDIENCY OF STUDENTS' TRAINING IN ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION PROTECTION

Problem statement. Electromagnetic radiation is a combination of electric and magnetic radiation, the energy of which, when it affects a given material body, does not cause an ionisation process in it. Natural electromagnetic radiation not only guarantees the proper development of every living organism, but also affects the change of seasons and weather. Humans have disturbed the Earth's natural electromagnetic environment by including devices that emit electromagnetic energy in a wide range of frequencies. Artificial electromagnetic fields accompany us everywhere: at home, at work, on the road, and during leisure. The sanitary and hygienic state of the environment, including the electromagnetic situation in populated cities, is of great hygienic importance for ensuring proper living conditions for the population. The electromagnetic situation in cities and other settlements is created by a large number of radio and electrical equipment for economic, defence and other purposes. The purpose of the article. To conduct a systematic analysis of the impact of electromagnetic radiation from various types of electrical equipment on the environment. It is shown that electromagnetic radiation is dangerous both for the population as a whole, especially for children, and for personnel who operate powerful equipment - sources of electromagnetic radiation. Conclusion. Studies of electromagnetic radiation in the environment show that prolonged exposure to powerful electromagnetic fields can cause illness and even death. Therefore, rules for using artificial sources of electromagnetic radiation should be followed to minimise the damage to both human health and the environment. These rules are not so difficult to follow, but they are quite effective. And for labour protection and civil safety specialists, this knowledge will enable them to create safe working conditions in the workplace.

Selfhood, persistence, and immortality in Jaina philosophy

AbstractThis article explores the notion of immortality in Jaina philosophy by focusing on the problem of the persistence of the self. It considers the concept of persistence within the broader context of Jaina metaphysics and its specific application to living beings. The article analyses the relationship between the immaterial self and its material body to determine which aspects of living beings can be deemed immortal or persisting beyond death. It also investigates the state of liberation as an immortal condition. Drawing from the Tattvârtha-sūtra and four of its commentaries, the article demonstrates the complexity of the Jaina treatment of the issue of the self's persistence over time and its commitment to the doctrine of non-one-sidedness. It also shows that Jaina philosophers deal with this critical philosophical problem in a way that reflects their engagement with the intellectual debates of their time.

Dis‐playing gender: From ludic reconfiguration to utopic outcomes in gender‐swap apps

AbstractAn increasing number of AI‐based gender‐swap applications have become a popular trend in our social media platforms and communities, rising controversial issues beyond their apparently playful intent. The primary ludic function informing the use/consumption of such apps opens to further signification and valorization of the produced images. In many cases, the portrait pictures, modified through a system of filters, assume an existential and utopic value for (transgender and nonbinary) users who have the possibility to reimagining and reperforming their gender identity. At the same time, the social availability and disposability of such images risk to trivialize the subjective and highly complex process of sexual and gender transition undergone by many people on their own material body in real life. The aim of this paper is to point out the ambivalences and the possibilities opened by gender‐swap apps for what concerns the issue of gender identity. Through the analysis of a corpus of promotional messages and users' responses to the gender‐swap apps, it is argued that these trans‐faces, far from operating a flawless passing from a gender to the other, constantly dis‐play the social construction and deconstruction of sexual and gender binary identities.

Electromagnetic Fields (Including Microwaves) Can Lower the Immune Response and Even Change The DNA

This article was written to draw attention to the experimentally found facts that external electromagnetic fields (like microwaves) can not only lower the immune response; it can even change the type of species. This is possible because beside the material body, we have biofield - weak electromagnetic field seen as aura. My lifelong studies of the biofield (aura) found that it is weak Nonlinear Electromagnetic Field (NEMF), which we can expect to be sensitive to external electromagnetic fields with wide range of frequencies, including microwaves. The Chinese scientist Dr. Kanchen found experimentally in 1961 in China that microwaves with frequency 11 GHz change the type of species. This article is a serious warning that the new microwave technologies (used in our fast internet, cellular phones and TV) when shifting to higher and higher frequencies for faster and faster internet will reach the frequency 11 GHz, which will change our DNA, turning us to a different type of species. Unfortunately, in the US we developed these technologies without studding their effect on humans. For that reason, in the US we don’t have any regulations about what should be the maximally allowed safe intensity and frequency of the fields used in these technologies (we have regulations only for ionization radiation). We need to correct this as soon as possible.

Attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium to Fish Surfaces from a Suspension in Seawater and the Effect of Subsequent Washing

The article is about cooling (with cold water) of the lower abdomen (which is most sensitive to cold) for: relief of abdominal pain, boosting the immune system, handling hot flashes during menopause and better sleep. The article also explains how it works – it is done through the biofield seen as aura, which rules and regulates everything in the body. I found it to be Nonlinear Electromagnetic Field (NEMF), which being nonlinear is not dissipating and can imprint information. The waves of the biofield (aura) scan the new environment and bring the information to the material body telling it how to change to adapt to the new environment. If the environment is drastically new, it handles the evolution to new species. In the process of adaptation, first the biofield (aura) NEMF is changed and if the drastically new environment stays the same for a long time, it evolves into DNA changes and evolution to new species. A proof that the evolution to new species is done through the biofield is the fact that the evolution to new species is done through a quantum jump – there are no intermediate forms.

Charles Plumier’s descriptions and drawings of Antillean birds (1687–1697)

French Minim friar Charles Plumier (1646−1704), well known for his work as a botanist and for his observations made during three expeditions to the West Indies between 1687 and 1697, produced an enormous body of iconographic material held by the Bibliothèque centrale du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris. Among Plumier’s nearly 6,000 separate images of plants and animals made in the Antilles, birds are represented by 215 drawings, including whole specimens but also numerous detailed views of anatomy, osteological as well as internal soft parts. The bird drawings are here identified, described, and fully catalogued for the first time, and selected drawings are reproduced. Evidence is presented to emphasis the originality and scientific accuracy of Plumier’s accounts.

Tradisi Pembakaran Mayat atau Ngaben (Studi Fenomenologi Anggota Keluarga Etnik Bali)

The aim of this research is to find out and analyze the experiences of family members who are prevented from carrying out the Ngaben tradition of their family members in Mataram Udik Village through motifs. This research uses a type of qualitative research using the phenomenological method. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of field observation, interviews with informants and documentation of research results. This research aims to find out more in-depth awareness and analyze the experience of one family member who is hampered by carrying out the Ngaben tradition of his family members. The research results showed that the Balinese ethnic experience regarding the Ngaben tradition in Mataram Udik Village resulted in positive perceptions, because informants were able to carry out mass Ngaben processions after being hampered by economic factors. Informants who were hampered from carrying out the Ngaben carried out the Mekingsan Ring Geni procession, which is a form of cremation ceremony where the spirits are entrusted temporarily to the God of Brahma or the God of Fire before undergoing the next ceremony, namely the Mass Ngaben, so that they can unite with Ida Sang Hyang Widi Wasa/God Almighty. In conclusion, the meaning obtained by the Balinese ethnic group is that the material body or body is nothing but a combination of 5 material elements or Panca Mahabhuta (earth, water, fire, air and ether). Fire has a special status among the Panca Mahabhuta as the purest among the pure, so Fire is used to free the mortal body back to its origin to become the Panca Mahabhuta. Keywords: Balinese Ethnicity, Phenomenology, Ngaben, Experience

Embodied collaborative writing in graduate dance education.

This paper explores how embodied writing can inform teaching, learning, and research presentation in graduate-level dance education in a kinesiology faculty. The focus is on a graduate dance course "The Dancing Body in Motion", which combines the anatomical analysis of the physical body, social theory, and lived dance experiences to promote more embodied and holistic teaching and learning. The authors, an instructor and a student of the course, share their experiences and reflections on the course through an embodied presentation of a dialogue that combines the instructor's lecture notes, the student's learning journal entries, and their reflections both separately and in conversation with each other. Their reflections offer insights into how the body and mind, material and social body, and practice and theory can all be brought together using embodied writing practices, such as a learning journal and performance ethnography, in a dance performance.

Exploring the influence of commercial determinants on public health: An overview in the context of social sciences

Despite the increasing attention that is devoted to the social-economic determinants of public health (SDoH) factors that influence people's health, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is at an all-time high worldwide. Commercial determinants of public health (CDoPH), or the associated corporate and business environments, have garnered much interest. This study attempts to articulate the CDoPH to summarize key results, as stated in the literature and to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the body of available material. Review formal sources (Scopus, Global Health and Google Scholar). The search technique employed the terms commercial determination of public health, among others. Some major factors contributing to CDoPH dynamics are trade, social and economic power expression, corporate structures, regulatory frameworks, neoliberal and capitalist through. Corporate activities, including advertising, mutual social responsibility, corporate politics, vast supply chains, hazardous product development and accessibility problems are additional factors. These worsen the status of the results for global health. The use of CDoPH nomenclature in work examines how business operations and macro conditions affect health that can be beneficial. It would be helpful to facilitate an updated, operationalized definition of CDoPH. To enhance global health, systematic methods for recognizing, defining and avoiding these are needed.

The Body of the Artist, in the Body of Christ: Toward a Theology of the Embodied Arts

One insight at the heart of embodiment research is that the particular, material human body is the nexus of two loci: as an integration of sensory apparatuses, the body is the receptive locus of the world; at the same time, the body is the locus of responsive engagement with the world. Working from the framework of embodiment, this essay is a theological exploration of the arts, with particular attention given to the artist. The first half details two controlling ideas about the nature of embodiment and the arts: (i) the arts are necessarily embodied, and (ii) the Christian artist is in Christ’s body. Here I examine how the artwork and the artist are necessarily embodied—the body is the horizon on which the arts are possible. With these two controlling ideas in hand, the second half of the essay considers three implications: (i) the artist works in and for the church; (ii) the arts are a gift of the Holy Spirit; and (iii) the arts are a place where the church experiences the Spirit’s working. These implications yield, among other insights, the finding that Christ’s body is the horizon on which the Christian arts are possible.

Cooling the Lower Abdomen for Pain Relief, Boosting the Immune System, Stopping the Hot Fleshes During Menopause and Better Sleep

The article is about cooling (with cold water) of the lower abdomen (which is most sensitive to cold) for: relief of abdominal pain, boosting the immune system, handling hot flashes during menopause and better sleep. The article also explains how it works – it is done through the biofield seen as aura, which rules and regulates everything in the body. I found it to be Nonlinear Electromagnetic Field (NEMF), which being nonlinear is not dissipating and can imprint information. The waves of the biofield (aura) scan the new environment and bring the information to the material body telling it how to change to adapt to the new environment. If the environment is drastically new, it handles the evolution to new species. In the process of adaptation, first the biofield (aura) NEMF is changed and if the drastically new environment stays the same for a long time, it evolves into DNA changes and evolution to new species. A proof that the evolution to new species is done through the biofield is the fact that the evolution to new species is done through a quantum jump – there are no intermediate forms.

The Esquinzo Ultra-Alkaline Rock Suite of Fuerteventura Basal Complex (Canary Islands): Evidence for Origin of Carbonatites by Fractional Crystallization

The origin of the carbonatites that appear on Earth is one of the most controversial current topics in the petrogenesis of igneous rocks. Situated in the northern sector of the Basal Complex of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), the Miocene Esquinzo ultra-alkaline plutonic rock complex is composed of pyroxenites, melteigites-ijolites-urtites, malignites-nepheline syenites, carbonatites, silicocarbonatites, nephelinites and nepheline phonolites. This work tries to establish the genesis of this massif of ultra-alkaline rocks with associated carbonatites from Fuerteventura (which are very rare in the oceans). The geochemical characteristics of these rocks and the minerals that are included in them have allowed us to establish their origin. This complex was generated by three successive magmatic events associated with differentiation of melanephelinite magmas emplaced in the oceanic crust. Silicocarbonatite and calciocarbonatite (sövites) dykes are related to the first magmatic event and were formed by fractional crystallization of H2O- and CO2-rich ijolite magmas. The melanephelinite magmas that formed these plutonic ultra-alkaline rocks were apparently generated as partial melts of asthenospheric mantle, which assimilated enriched lithospheric mantle material as they ascended. The upwelling of this large body of anomalous asthenospheric Miocene material exceeded the deformation associated with plate motions and led to an oceanic rifting event in Fuerteventura.

Dulong-Petit’s law and Boltzmann’s theoretical proof from the Kinetic Theory of Gases

The main aspect that we will address in this work is the introductory presentation of the empirical law of the specific heats of material bodies, published by Dulong and Petit on April 12, 1819, in the magazine Comptes Rendus. The analytical demonstration of this law appeared for the first time in 1866 in the Doctoral Thesis of the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, according to the research carried out by Cássio C. Laranjeiras and presented in his Doctoral Thesis in 2002. In the introduction we discussed how Dulong’s law and Petit played a key role in the subsequent development of a new physics (Quantum Mechanics), when Max Planck changed his research program from electrodynamics to thermodynamics, evidenced in the book: Black Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912, published by Thomas Khun in 1978. Between 1900 and 1912, we observed that fundamental works published by Albert Einstein, Henri Poincaré and Peter Debye explained the mathematical relationship of this empirical law based on Planck’s hypothesis of the quantum of action of blackbody radiation. Despite the controversy over the authorship of the law, whether it would have been formulated in advance by Arago, we agree with Robert Fox that it was the results of Dulong and Petit’s experiments that led to the formulation of the law.

Recent progress in the application of biodegradable metal implants

With the accumulation of data, magnesium-based degradable metal, iron-based degradable metal and zinc-based degradable metal implantable interventional devices have entered the clinic or carried out human experimental studies, and the future prospects are promising. In this paper, the definition, biodegradability and biocompatibility criteria and their classification are reviewed, and the research status and unsolved scientific problems of magnesium-based degradable metals, iron-based degradable metals and zinc-based degradable metals are introduced, and the future development opportunities and challenges of degradable metals are prospected. With a deeper understanding of scientific issues such as mechanical adaptation, degradation adaptation and tissue adaptation of degradable metal implants, more new materials, new technologies and new methods of degradable metals will be developed in the future, so as to effectively realize the precise adaptation of the two events of degradable metal material degradation and body tissue repair in time and geometric space.

After a Century of Revolution in the Status of Space and Time: Einstein’s Train Revisited

After a Century of Revolution in the Status of Space and Time: Einstein’s Train Revisited

Finite element solution of crack-tip fields for an elastic porous solid with density-dependent material moduli and preferential stiffness

In this paper, the finite element solutions of crack-tip fields for an elastic porous solid with density-dependent material moduli are presented. Unlike the classical linearized case in which material parameters are globally constant under a small strain regime, the stiffness of the model presented in this paper can depend upon the density with a modeling parameter. The proposed constitutive relationship appears linear in the Cauchy stress and linearized strain independently. From a subclass of the implicit constitutive relation, the governing equation is bestowed via the balance of linear momentum, resulting in a quasi-linear partial differential equation (PDE) system. Using the classical damped Newton’s method, the sequence of linear problems is then obtained, and the linear PDEs are discretized through a bilinear continuous Galerkin-type finite element method. We perform a series of numerical simulations for material bodies with a single edge-crack subject to a variety of loading types (i.e. the pure mode-I, II, and mixed-mode). Numerical solutions demonstrate that the modeling parameter in our proposed model can control preferential mechanical stiffness with its sign and magnitude along with the change of volumetric strain. This study can provide a mathematical and computational foundation to further model the quasi-static and dynamic evolution of cracks, utilizing the density-dependent moduli model and its modeling framework.

Beyond body and mind: psychology and the unity of the human person in Aquinas

Abstract Human persons are at once simple and complex: simple, because they possess a unified and indivisible essence in the form of the soul; and, complex, since this immaterial soul is conjoined to a material body, accounting for the human whole. This paper highlights the nature of this union and explores the psychology of the human person based on Thomistic philosophical tradition. Our thesis is that Aquinas’s hylomorphism, which counters in advance the claims of Descartes on human identity, offers a comprehensive understanding of the human person and provides a robust foundation that understands the human person as transcending the limitations of body and mind, and this has implications for philosophical, psychological and scientific enquiries.