Body Of Uterus Research Articles

Study of hemodynamics of the uterine body by the method of three-dimensional energy dopplerography of patients with leiomyoma in different age periods

To date, there is not enough papers to establish the reproducibility of the calculation of three-dimensional indices of blood flow and their threshold values for the diagnosis of a particular pathology. In this regard, the technique of three-dimensional Doppler sonography requires further study.The aim of research is studying the hemodynamics of the uterine body of patients with leiomyoma by three-dimensional energy Doppler ultrasonography to determine the possible patterns of changes in the indicators of three-dimensional vascularization indices depending on the phases of the menstrual cycle of women of reproductive age, in perimenopause and at different periods of menopause.Materials and methods. 326 women between the ages of 18 and 75 were surveyed (Me = 46.5). The comparison group consisted of 157 (48.15 %) healthy women, the main group was 169 women (51.84 %) with uterine leiomyoma. All patients in both groups were divided into women of reproductive age, women in peri - and menopause.In 3D reconstruction of the uterus using the energy mapping function and the VOCAL (Virtual Organ Computer - aided Analysis) option, an objective assessment of the hemodynamics of the uterine body was performed by calculating the vascularization index (VI), which characterizes the percentage of colour voxels in uterus body volume, flow intensity index (FI), showing the median luminance of colour voxels, which depends on the blood flow velocity in a given three-dimensional volume and vascularization-flow index (VFI), which is a product of multiplying the vascularization index and the flow index, divided by 100.Result. As a result, the main group identified the patterns of dynamics of three-dimensional indices of blood flow, depending on the survey at different ages, similar to the comparison group. In the reproductive period in patients with uterine leiomyoma, regardless of the size and degree of vascularization, the minimum values of the indexes VI, FI and VFI of the body of the uterus were registered in the early proliferative phase, significantly increasing to the middle secretion phase, coinciding with the fertility period of corpus luteum, secretion (p <0.05, CCU). In peri - and menopause, patients with leiomyomas have a statistically significant dynamics, similar to the nomograms of the comparison group, in reducing the values of the three-dimensional index of perfusion of the VI of the uterus as the period of absence of menstruation increases (CCU, p = 0.0472), with the highest values being characteristic of the perimenopause period. In the analysis of the dynamics of the FI and VFI indices of the body of the uterus of women with perio- and menopausal leiomyomas, the distribution of the studied indices was not confirmed by statistical significance. However, their pattern quite accurately reproduces the dynamics of a gradual decrease in these three-dimensional indices of blood flow in women with uterine body leiomyoma as the duration of absence of menstruation increases: the highest values were characteristic of the perimenopause period and the lowest - for the menopause period of more than 10 years.Conclusions. Taking into account the revealed patterns of dynamics of indicators of three-dimensional indices of blood flow depending on the age periods of women with leiomyoma will in the future increase the sensitivity and specificity of the method of three-dimensional energy Doppler sonography in the differential diagnosis of proliferative activity of uterine leiomyoma

Sonographic Study of Normal Uterine Size in Reproductive and Postmenopausal Age in Iraqi Women and related with Parity

Aim: The study included sonographic assessment of normal uterine size in non-gravid adult females at reproductive and postmenopausal women and its relation with parity. The anatomical variations of uterus particularly those concerning the body of uterus are well Known in medical literature. Data on uterine dimensions in parous (prim parous or multiparous) and nulliparous women are vital for public health consideration as the presence of uterine pathology effectively reflects the status of fertility and other gynecological condition in general. The last few decades, sonography has become the most important imaging modality for the study of the uterine pathology The estimation of uterine size has been widely reported by several authors from different parts of the world. Material and methods: this study included 150 non gravid female subjects were distributed into five age groups A(20-29), B(30-39),C (40-49), D(50-59), E(60-69), each group was divided into nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous women were examined sonographically because of abdominal or pelvic problem unrelated to uterus. All groups were subjected to transabdominal technique of uterine examination with a 3.5MHZ transducer. The length, width and anteroposterior diameter of uterus were calculated. The uterine volume was calculated using ellipsoid algorithm. These dimensions correlated with age and parity status of each study groups. Results: The length means increased at 20-49 age and decrease in 49-69 age. Increase the total means of the length of each group was related to parity, nulliparous (5.68±1.24), primiparous (6.15±1.72) and multiparous (7.28±1.33). Depth and width showed mild significant differences between study age groups. Width and depth were recorded increase related to party in all study groups. Uterus volume of uterus decreased with age groups, while total uterus volume increased in multiparous than the primiparous and nulliparous women. Means endometrial thickness was decreased with age groups and total means correlated with parity, in nulliparous (5.46±2.59), primiparous (5.51±3.13) and multiparous (6.35±3.07) Conclusion: Present study the uterine length and total volume showed clear increase with age and correlated with parity, while the width and depth show little changes with age but clear changes related to parity. The endometrial thickness was decreased with age and increased significantly with parity.

Фактори ризику розвитку кіст та доброякісних пухлин яєчників у жінок репродуктивного віку

The objective: to increase forecasting effectiveness of cysts and benign tumors of ovaries at women of genesial age on the basis of establishment of major factors of risk. Materials and methods. Was carried out the retrospective analysis of 500 operational protocols and the histological conclusions regarding compliance of the clinical and pathomorphologic diagnosis to the volume of expeditious treatment. All women were divided into the corresponding subgroups – cysts of ovaries – 284 women and benign tumors of ovaries – 216 patients. All-clinical methods researches were conducted according to the offered card of WHO (2015), including data on the genesial anamnesis, existence of the gynecologic and extragenital diseases, carried-out therapy, the general objective inspection, special gynecologic inspection and laboratory methods of research. Results. In group of high risk on case rate cysts and benign tumors of ovaries treat patients with high frequency benign diseases of uterus cervix(OR=7.32) and body of the womb (OR=6.23), sterility (OR=2.77), inflammatory diseases of organs of small basin (OR=2.39), with disturbances of menstrual cycle (OR=2.3), with high frequency anginas and virus infections (OR=6.55), diseases of thyroid gland (OR=6.4), liver (OR=4.59) and the top respiratory tracts (OR=4.32), not using rational contraception (OR=2.09). Conclusion. The received results needs to be considered when forecasting cysts and benign tumors of ovaries at women of genesial age. Key words: cysts and benign tumors of ovaries, genesial age, risk factors.

RATIONAL DELIVERY FOR WOMEN WITH UTERAL FIBROID AND BREECH PRESENTATION AND DECREASING THE INDEXES OF MATERNAL MORBIDIY

Introduction. Breech presentation and uterine fibroids in women are clinical cases which occur more and more frequently in modern obstetric practice. Regarding this issue, scientists’ attention is drawn to the aspect of surgical delivery for such patients, which unavoidably requires taking into account both unplanned necessity of expanding the volume of caesarian section (myomectomy, uterine removal) and increased intraoperative blood loss. Aim. Decreasing the indexes of maternal morbidity in women with uterine fibroid and breech presentation by developing the optimal approach to their delivery.Materials and methods. An analysis of primiparae and secundiparae with uterine fibroid and with single full-term pregnancy with breech presentation has taken place and constituted the main group (MG) (n=40). The control group (CG) (n=40) consisted of primiparae and secundiparae with single full-term pregnancy with breech presentation without uterine fibroid. All the women had their deliveries at Odesa Regional Perinatal Centre. The data has been processed with Microsoft Office Excel 2017. Research results. The analysis of the data received has shown that gynecological anamnesis of women from the CG was reliably more frequently complicated by: late menarche 12 (30%), abnormal uterine bleeding 9 (22.5%) and dysmenorrhea 18 (45%) (p<0,05). It has been determined that the women from the CG had deliveries through natural birth canal almost twice as frequently 32 (80 %). In the MG 17 (42,5 %) conservative deliveries occurred under the condition of patients having subserous or intramural myoma nodules with the size not larger than 5 cm localized in the uterus body (p<0,05). It has been determined that pregnancies of the CG women ended with surgical delivery three times as frequently 23 (57,5 %) as in the MG 8 (20 %) (p<0,05). All cases of the cesarean section in the MG were planned in advance with regard to such variations of fibrosis as: multiple nodules, single nodules with centripetal growth, localization in the lower uterine segment or large size (5 - 16 см). It has been shown that advanced planning of the surgical deliveries with uterine fibroid and breech presentation in the MG 23 (57,5 %) does not prevent from urgent situations н 7 (30,4 %), which is complicated by the necessity of extending the volume of the surgery 3 (13 %). Issues of elective cesarean section among women from the MG did not require volume extension in any case. В свою чергу, advanced planning of conservative delivery with breech presentation in the CG 40 (100%) also does not prevent from cases of urgent surgical deliveries 8 (20 %), where the leading indication for it was deviation of labour activity 4 (50 %). Conclusions. Balanced obstetrical approach to the issue of uterine fibroid with breech presentation considering the variation of fibroids in each particular case favours preliminary determination of the optimal method of delivery for each woman, which might be effective in the cases of decreasing the indexes of maternal morbidity among such patients due to decreasing both the number of surgical deliveries and the cases of volume extension for cesarian sections.

Total segmental aplasia of uterus body in bitch

Congenital anomalies of the female tubular genital tract are rare and known as segmental aplasia, resulting from incomplete development of paramesonephric ducts during embryonic stage, which originate from the cranial portion of vagina, cervix, uterus and oviducts. In the literature consulted, several reports of uterine horn aplasia are described in bitches, however there is only one report described in the world literature on total aplasia of the body of the uterus. This study aimed to describe the case of a two years old bitch, no breed defined, with 12 kg of weight, with segmental aplasia of uterus body diagnosed during ovariohysterectomy. During surgery it was noted that the bitch had the ovaries and uterine horns in their anatomical position, however an aplasia was noted in the body of the uterus. It was also found that the uterine horns had liquid inside, suggesting hydrometra. It was concluded in this case that although segmental aplasia of the body of the uterus is rare and difficult to diagnose by maintaining normal cyclicity of the female, it should be considered in dogs that do not have bloody vaginal discharge in proestrus and can not become pregnant after natural coverage or artificial insemination.

A case report on an unusual degeneration of uterine leiomyoma: Myxoid degeneration

Background: Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle neoplasm that typically occurs from the myometrium. Most of the women with uterine leiomyoma remain asymptomatic. Various degeneration including hyaline, cystic, myxoid and red degeneration and dystrophic calcification occur in leiomyoma, among them myxoid degeneration occurs rarely. Here is a case report of 40 years with one living child and two abortions who came with complaints of feeling of heaviness and pain at lower abdomen for six months, palpable lower abdominal mass for four months and difficulty in passing urine since 15 days. Multiple fibroids with cystic degeneration were suspected in Computed Tomography scan report. The patient underwent Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salphingectomy. On cut section there was a cystic area on the body of uterus containing 1. 1 liter of straw coloured fluid. Final histopathological findings concluded multiple leiomyoma with myxoid degeneration.

Gross and ultrasonographic morphometry of female reproductive tract in small ruminants

Understanding the anatomy of female reproductive organs is very much important to identify any variation in disease condition. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the gross and ultrasonographic morphometric of female reproductive tract in small ruminants. The reproductive tracts of 21 does and 20 ewes were collected from slaughter house and both gross and ultrasonographic image measurements were performed to study morphometric of cervix, body of uterus, horn of uterus and ovary. Water bath ultrasonography technique was used with trans-abdominal linear probe for image measurement. Results revealed significant (P&lt;0.001) variation between gross and image measurements of cervix, body of uterus and ovaries in does. In ewes, the significant (P&lt;0.001) variation was observed between gross and image measurements in diameter of ovaries. Gross measurements were proportionately higher than image measurements in both species. The mean length, width and diameters of right ovaries were found higher than those of left ovaries. Pearson’s correlation revealed a positive relation between two measurements. Moreover, it was found that echogenicity varied with reproductive organs. This is a model study, which may help to identify female reproductive structures in small ruminants when trans-abdominal probe is used.

Ultrasonographic and vaginal cytological diagnostics of the Queen

Ultrasonography is a diagnostic method to image the conditions of reproductive organs and it could be supported by vaginal cytology to identify the activities of the ovaries by the types of vaginal exfoliate cells. The aims of this study was to observe reproduction organ through ultrasonography with supportive diagnostic with vaginal cytological assessment. A total of 10 individual queens were used in this study and then grouped into intact group (n=5) and spayed (ovariohysterectomy) group (n=5) based on the anamneses or their medical history. The vagina, cervix, uterus body and horns, and ovaries were imaged and measured by ultrasound. Vagina, uterine body and horn seem as pipe-like structures with hyperechoic outer lines. The lumen in uterine body and horn seem as a hyperechoic structure. The ovaries seem as round- or oval-shaped structures with anechoic follicles. The corpus luteal has thick wall and seen as anechoic in its centre part. The corpus albicans seems as a hyperechoic structure. The vagina of spayed queens seemed more corrugated than those intact queens. The cervix is seen as a hyperechoic structure linking the vagina and uterine body. Exfoliate vaginal epithelial cell types were then also be identified and counted on each queens. The results of vaginal cytology showed that proestrus occured in 3 intact queens, late metestrus in 1 intact and 3 spayed queens, anestrus in 1 spayed queen, and unidentifiable estrus stage in 1 intact and 1 spayed queens. Moreover, the morphology of cervix and uterine was affected by the activity of ovary.

Assessment of underlying causes in patients with implantation fails in ivf cycles

The article presents an analysis of literature data and the results of own retrospective studies of the incidence of cases of lag in the development of the endometrium in women with unsuccessful attempts to treat infertility of tubal peritoneal genesis using auxiliary reproductive technologies (ART). Clinico-anamnestic factors that negatively affect the state of the endometrium and are associated with the risk of an unsuccessful attempt at treatment have been revealed.The objective: to retrospectively analyze the cases of unsuccessful attempts to treat tubal peritoneal infertility in order to elucidate the frequency and extent of the development of the endometrium in the proliferative phase of the cycle in ART programs, as well as clinical and anamnestic factors negatively affecting the endometrium.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 838 attempts to treat infertility of tubal-peritoneal genesis by ART methods was carried out. The criteria for selecting patients in the study were: 1) the reproductive age from 20 to 40 years; 2) normogonadotropicity; 3) absence or complete obstruction of the existing fallopian tubes; 4) absence of endometriosis, hyperprolactinemia, diabetes mellitus and other endocrine disorders; 5) absence of pathology of the uterus body; 6) normospermia in men. The embryological protocol indicates that embryos are of satisfactory quality, the number of embryos is two or more.Results. In cycles of infertility treatment of tubal peritoneal genesis by ART methods, the lag in the development of the endometrium (of varying severity) is 1/3 of the total number of cycles performed. Hypoplasia of the endometrium, found on the 7th day of the stimulation cycle, persists throughout the proliferative phase before the administration of hCG in 100% of patients. In patients with a marked lag in the development of the endometrium compared with women with normal and moderate retardation, intrauterine manipulation and their complications from anamnesis are significantly more frequent.Conclusion. The results of the study clearly demonstrate the need to analyze the effectiveness of the use of conventional methods for correcting deviations in the development of pregravid endometrium in cycles of treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and the impact of various degrees of lag in the development of pregravid endometrium on the clinical consequences of ART-infertility programs of tubal peritoneal genesis and their optimization.

Case of unilateral hypoplasia and atresia of the right uterine horn of a gilt

A case of unilateral hypoplasia and atresia of the uterus horn was described in 19 months old gilt. After repeated returns and 9, in total, unsuccessful artificial inseminations, during and after the third oestrus, the gilt was slaughtered and the right horn of the uterus was found to be "blind" at the level of its borders with the uterus body. It contained 150ml of fluid and was about half the length of the left horn (110cm vs. 190cm). Diffused and welloutlined cysts were observed in both horns of the uterus. Histological examination revealed in the endometrium, edema with abundant loose cellular stroma that surrounded numerous hypoplastic glands and hyperaemic blood vessels with thick walls. It is suggested that the production of PGF2a by the hypoplastic and "blind" horn of the uterus interrupted the pregnancy in the left horn.

Primary replication and invasion of the bovine gammaherpesvirus BoHV-4 in the genital mucosae

Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a gammaherpesvirus that is widespread in cattle. Ex vivo models with bovine genital tract mucosa explants were set up to study molecular/cellular BoHV-4-host interactions. Bovine posterior vagina, cervix and uterus body were collected from cows at two stages of the reproductive cycle for making mucosa explants. The BoHV-4 replication kinetics and characteristics within the three different mucosae of animals in the follicular and luteal phase were assessed by virus titration. The number of plaques, plaque latitude and number of infected cells were determined by immunofluorescence. BoHV-4 replicated in a productive way in all genital mucosal tissues. It infected single individual cells in both epithelium and lamina propria of the genital mucosae at 24 hours post-inoculation (hpi). Later, small BoHV-4 epithelial plaques were formed that did not spread through the basement membrane. 50% of the number of BoHV-4 infected cells were identified as cytokeratin+ and CD172a+ cells in the three parts of the genital tract at 24 hpi. Upon a direct injection of genital explants with BoHV-4, fibrocytes became infected, indicating that the unidentified 50% of the infected cells are most probably fibrocytes. In this study, in vivo-related in vitro genital tract models were successfully established and the early stage of the pathogenesis of a genital infection was clarified: BoHV-4 starts with a productive infection of epithelial cells in the reproductive tract, forming small foci followed by a non-productive infection of surveilling monocytic cells which help BoHV-4 to invade into deeper tissues.

Тreatment of uterine cervical dysplasia on the background of hyper proliferative disease of the corpus uteri in women of reproductive age

The work is devoted to increasing the effectiveness of treatment the dysplastic lesions of the cervical epithelium (DLCE) on the background of hyper proliferative diseases of the uterine body (HDUB) in women of reproductive age by developing a complex of diagnostic and therapeutic measures based on the study of clinical, cytological, colposcopy, microbiological, virological, morphological and immune histochemical features of the cervical epithelium.The results of treatment of 90 women of reproductive age with DLCE on the background of HDUB were analyzed. Criteria for inclusion of patients in the study: CIN I, CIN II, CIN III, uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis of the uterus, papillomaviruses. Women of the main group (45 patients) received the developed diagnostic and treatment complex. The comparison group consisted of 45 patients, whose treatment was performed in accordance with regulatory documents.Subject to confirmation of the inflammatory process of the pelvic organs, the participants of the study performed complex anti-inflammatory therapy (antibacterial, antiviral) taking into account the antibioticogram on the background of the immunomodulator, as well as antifungal, desensitizing, hepatoprotective and enzyme therapy. In particular, the immunomodulator tilorone and local anti-inflammatory treatment were used. Four weeks after the end of the conservative treatment, the elimination of pathogens and normalization of the microbiocenosis in 77.8% of the patients of the main group and in 64.4% of the women of the comparison group was confirmed.In 33.3% of the women of the main group and 31.1% patients of the comparison group radio wave conization of the cervix was performed. For the prevention and treatment of intra- and postoperative bleedings during the surgical treatment of DLCE an anti-fibrinolytic drug was used. To improve the regenerative properties and prevent recurrence of DLCE in the postoperative period rehabilitative treatment with vaginal suppositories containing 100 mg of dexpanthenol and 16 mg of chlorhexidine bigluconate was used.As the authors of the study noted, the use of complex of diagnostic and therapeutic measures in women of reproductive age with DLCE on the background of HDUB contributed to increase of the effectiveness of DLCE surgical treatment in 1.2 times, which allowed to safely use hormonal treatment of hyper proliferative pathology of the uterus body.

Нові можливості у лікуванні міом тіла матки – HIFU-технологія

The technology of HIFU-ablation has a number of advantages in comparison with other methods of treatment of patients with uterine myoma, since it is non-invasive, organ-preserving, has no clinically significant general effect on the body, is not accompanied by a long period of rehabilitation and temporary disability. The objective: was to increase the effectiveness of treatment of women with uterine myoma by optimizing the protocols of ultrasound ablation. Patients and methods. The clinical material consisted of 90 remote ultrasound ablations for women diagnosed with «symptomatic myoma of the uterus body», which were performed at KMECC, the Center for Nuclear Medicine. The procedure was carried out on a JC apparatus (manufactured by: Chongqing Haifu (HIFU) Technology Co., Ltd., China). Results. The power during treatment was 350±70 W, the total energy was 282 487±47 650 J, the average time of insonation was 765±137 s. With dynamic observation, the regression of the volume of myoma nodes on average averaged 25±14.6% after 1 month, 33±12.9% after 3 months, and 61±17.8% after 6 months. But 4 (9,7%) patients had an unsatisfactory effect after the procedure, and the treatment was continued. All patients recorded a decrease in clinical symptoms already in the first month after the procedure. When the procedure was performed, 5 (12.2%) patients had a first-degree skin burn, 14 (34.1%) women had a short-term increase in body temperature to 37.6°C on the day of the procedure, which stabilized independently in for 3 days, in 1 (2.4%) – cystitis. The conclusion. The method is selective, does not damage surrounding tissues, thereby being safe for the endometrium, which is important for maintaining fertility. The area of fibrosis, which is formed after treatment and the regression process of the myoma node, is safe for further gestation. For the clinical evaluation of this method, its impact on the quality of life, immediate and long-term results, further accumulation and analysis of the clinical material is necessary. Key words: uterine myoma, local adenomyosis, ultrasonic ablation, HIFU-technology, treatment.

Sustainable Postoperative Care After Cesarean Section

Rationale: puerperal endometritis is the major cause of formation of incompetent uterine scar and spread of infection. By contrast, reparative processes concerning uterine walls are the basis for formation of a competent uterine scar. In the past decades, there have been observed significant changes in the clinical course of puerperal endometritis. Apart from other factors, they are caused by improper antibiotics prophylaxis and antibiotic treatment. The key factors responsible for uterine scar incompetence also include improper surgery methods, namely: application of uninterrupted, continuous suture of uterus, reactogenic material, inappropriate hemostasis, pathological blood loss, surgery duration over two hours, using technique of manual fetal exteriorization.&#x0D; The aim of the present research is to identify a group of maternity patients that could avoid being administered perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and the further antibiotic therapy on condition that their lower uterus segments are processed with interrupted sutures. It also involves the assessment of the early postoperative care period as well as eliminating possible complications. Materials and methods: The article analyses a group of 63 maternity obstetrics patients in early postoperative care period. They had their lower uterus segments processed with interrupted sutures. In all cases we used peritonization with help of plica vesicouterina. Antibiotic prophylaxis was avoided in both perioperative and early postoperative care periods. The article also presents the lab test values, data on thermometry and ultrasound diagnostic. The latter analyzed the following: length, width, thickness and the size of uterus, thickness of the front part of the uterus in the scar area, echoicity and echo structure of the mentioned area. Ultrasound examination allows us to estimate the uterus size, the scar condition, possible pathologic elements in the uterus body. The article also presents data on physical examination and bacteria culturing of the content of the uteri cavity during three days.&#x0D; The results: the complications were not presented by such nosological forms as endometritis or postoperative peritonitis, as well as inflammatory urinary conditions. No cases of any partial suture line disruption have been observed on the anterior abdominal wall or hyperthermia over 37,5 within the first three days of the postoperative period.&#x0D; Conclusions: during the rehabilitation period for the lower uterus segments by using synthetic suture material for the low-risk group of obstetrics patients it is not necessary to provide antibiotics prophylaxis and antibiotic treatment in the case of a planned or postponed caesarian section&#x0D; &#x0D;

Анатомо-гістологічна структура внутрішніх статевих органів кіз зааненської породи

The purpose. To investigate anatomical constitution and histological structure of inner sexual organs of goats of Zaanenskaya breed. Methods. Probes of constitution of sexual organs of goats in the age of 7 years was carried out by their dissections after slaughter, measurement of linear dimensions, weighting, sample drawing, preparation of specimens for histological probes, their scanning and documentating. Results. It is fixed that sizes of sexual organs of the examined goats on the average were the following: direct length of left ovary – 2,0 cm, direct length of right ovary – 2,4 cm, average mass of the left ovary – 0,6 g, average mass of the right ovary – 1,1 g. Oviducts had the length: left – 14,2 cm, right – 14,4 cm. Length of horns of uterus, measured on the big curvature, has made: left – 13,7 cm, right – 12,2 cm. Diameter of horns in the middle of their length made for left and right – 2,3 and 2,8 cm accordingly. Body of uterus had the length of 1,8 cm, uteral cervix had the length of 5,9 cm at diameter of 1,8 cm. Its mucosa organized on the average 4,7 cross folds which had a little bit spiral structure. Their tops were directed caudally. The length of vestibule of vagina was in average 4,7 cm. Conclusions. The gained results specify that sexual organs of adult Zaanenskaya goats have constitution and sizes inherent in small-sized cattle. Anatomical features of the port of uteral cervix need to be considered at artificial fertilization of goats which in the future becomes the basic method of reproduction of these animals.

ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF INTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS ZAANEN BREE

Goal. Goat breeding is a promising branch of animal husbandry, which is rapidly developing. The scientific literature has little information about the essential features and differences in the structure of the genital apparatus of goats. With the increase in the number of livestock and selection work in goat breeding, knowledge of the characteristics of the reproductive system is of great importance. Due to lack of knowledge of the structure of the reproductive organs of small cattle, the effectiveness of artificial insemination decreases and inefficient sperm of producers is used, since the complex structure of the cervix of the goat is an obstacle in the artificial introduction of sperm. Therefore, considering the need for further introduction of the method of artificial insemination into practice of goat breeding, the study of the peculiarities of the structure of the internal genital organs of goats is timely and necessary.&#x0D; Materials and methods.The study of anatomical features of the structure of the internal genital organs of goats was carried out on animals of the Zaanen breed, imported into the village. Galaiki Tarashchansky district of the Kiev region from Latvia. The material for study was the genitals obtained from goats aged 6-7 years. After the slaughter and bleeding, the genitals were separated into goats. They were then placed in an enameled cuvette and measured with a measuring tape, ruler and caliper. The linear dimensions of the ovaries, the diameter and length of the uterine horns according to the large curvature, the length of the uterine body, the length and diameter of the cervix, the number and structural features of the folds of its mucous membrane, the amount of caruncle, their height and diameter were measured.&#x0D; As mentioned earlier, the development of anatomical and physiological basis for artificial insemination of small ruminant animals was carried out mainly on sheep. Therefore, we compared the size of the ovaries, oviducts and uterus in goats of the Zaanen breed of Latvian selection and, according to the literature, the results of studies of similar sheep organs were analyzed.&#x0D; As a result of the studies of the morphological parameters of the genitalia of the goats, the following data were obtained: the mass of the left ovary – 0,6 ± 0,06 g, the right – 1,1 ± 0,04 g: the length of the left ovary – 2,0 ± 0,06 Cm, the length of the right – 2,3 ± 0,04 cm. The length of the left oviduct was – 14,2 ± 0,16 cm, and the right – 14,4 ± 0,15 cm. Accordingly, the length of the left horn of the uterus was – 13,7 ± 0,63 cm, the right – 12.2 ± 0,75 cm. The diameter of the left horn of the uterus is – 2.3 ± 0,07 cm, the right horn of the uterus is – 2,8 ± 0,08 cm.&#x0D; The morphological parameters of the unpaired genitals of goats were as follows:&#x0D; The length of the uterus body was – 1,8 ± 0,15 cm, the cervix was – 5,9 ± 0,29 cm, the cervix diameter was – 1,8 ± 0,08 cm; the number of folds in the cervix is – 4,7 ± 0,50. The height of the caruncle is – 0,5 ± 0,06 cm, their diameter is – 0,7 ± 0,10 cm, the amount of caruncle is – 96,5 ± 1,70, the area of the caruncle is on average – 0,4 ± 0,10 cm2.&#x0D; Conclusions. As a result of the carried out researches the anatomical and morphometric characteristics of internal sexual organs of goats are given. These data make it possible to expand and supplement knowledge on the morphology of the reproductive system of farm animals, which must be taken into account in artificial insemination of goats. The data obtained by us are somewhat different from the results of the studies of other authors, but do not contradict them.

Morphological characteristics of uterine fibroids among women of reproductive age

The article deals with modern views on etiopathogenesis of uterine fibroids. Increased knowledge of the markers of proliferation and their study will help to predict the course of the disease and thus to develop the optimum tactics of the further treatment of the early stages. Much attention is paid to the study of markers that characterize apoptosis. By immunohistochemistry in tissue fibroids 15 patients studied protein expression Ki-67 and Bcl-2. Analyzed values of the correlation expression of the proteins according to the clinical and morphological features of the tumor. It showed a reduction in the proliferation marker Ki-67, and increased expression of apoptotic Bcl-2 inhibitor.Background. Presented by changes in the nature of proliferation and apoptotic activity in myoma nodes among women of reproductive age who underwent conservative myomectomy.The aim of the research was to study the performance of protein antibody Ki-67 proliferation and apoptosis inhibitor of Bcl-2 in women with uterine myoma.Material and methods. Surveyed 15 women with uterine fibroids who underwent conservative myomectomy. Inclusion criteria were: the reproductive age, uterine fibroids the size of which does not exceed the 12-week pregnancy. Exclusion criteria were the size of fibroids greater than 12 weeks of pregnancy, acute inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, severe somatic diseases, cancer of the reproductive organs. It was carried out histological and immunohistochemical study of remote myoma node. We examined by immunohistochemistry proliferation protein monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (Clone MIB-1, 1 : 150, Dako), inhibitor of apoptosis Bcl-2 (NCL-bcl-2-486). (Novocastra). Evaluation of the expression of markers studied conducted qualitative and quantitative methods in computer image analysis system “Morphology 5.0” (Video Test, Russia). Statistical processing of the results was performed using statistical analysis packages (STATGRAPHICS v. 6.0).Results. Age of women surveyed averaged 33,4 ± 4,1 years. Histological study of benign tumors of the uterus body showed the presence of degenerative changes, necrosis and inflammatory infiltration in every fourth case of the material.Conclusions. Immunogistohimichesoe study of uterine leiomyomas body revealed a significant increase in the expression of apoptosis inhibitor of Bcl-2 and reducing the proliferation marker Ki-receptor expression in all 67 tested samples, which is consistent with a histological study of the absence of mitotic activity in leiomyomas.

К вопросу о возможности аллогенной плацентарной терапии постовариоэктомических проявлений у больных, отягощенных гинекологическим раком, после противоопухолевого лечения

The results of a clinical-psychological prospective examination of 131 patients with cervical cancer, the uterus body and ovaries of stage I-III according to FIGO, reproductive age in total hysterovectomy and radiation suppression of ovaries isolated in three clinical groups are presented: group I - patients after combined and complex special treatment; Group II - patients after combined radiation treatment and group III - patients after combined and complex treatment, therapy of postovariochemical manifestations of which was carried out by traditional therapy. Identification of personal resources of stress-resistance was carried out using the copy-test of R.Lazarus. The intensity of oxidative processes in blood plasma was judged by the content of their carbonyl derivatives, revealed in the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Results and discussion. For patients in the state of total hysterovarioectomy (groups I and III), the hyperactivity of the strategy Confrontation (76.8% and 76.4%, respectively) and Positive revaluation (67.8% and 72.6%) are a common phenomenon. Constructive strategies; Distant (73.8%) and Acceptance of responsibility (82.5%) are typical for patients of the II group who are in drug and radiation suppression. In the blood of all patients, increased oxidative potential was determined. Significant changes were demonstrated in the analysis of the intensity of induced (metal-catalyzed) OMB: at λ 370 nm and λ 530 nm in group I and group III (p<0.01): the level of oxidation products was significantly lower in the group II patients after SLT. Changes were demonstrated in the analysis of the intensity of induced (metal-catalyzed) OMB. The level of carbonyl groups was significantly lower in the group of patients II after SLT (p<0.01). After the therapy with allogeneic hydrolyzate of the placenta (AHP) with Melsmon of the APEC for 14 weeks, an objective orientation toward a decrease in the oxidative potential in the blood of patients was manifested. The serum level of the end products of OMB had an active decrease in comparison with the similar values in group I at λ 370 nm (1.3 times) and λ 430 nm (1.5 times); p<0.01. At λ 530 nm - groups I decrease by 1.4 times and II decrease by 1.6 times, p<0.01. The level of OMB in induced oxidation demonstrated a pronounced active decrease, especially at λ 530 (p<0.01). The study of induced AMB in the serum of Group III patients with gynecological cancer, the treatment of which was carried out by traditional methods in the PES did not show any statistical differences. In group I patients, the activity of non-constructive strategies is significantly reduced: confrontation (from 76.8% to 54.2%); flight/avoidance (from 64.2% to 38.6%). More actively, patients began to apply resources to constructive distancing strategies (activity increased from 42.4% to 68.3%); planning of problem solving (from 42.8% to 72.4%). The active decrease in the level of the carbonyl products of protein oxidation correlated with the improvement and stabilization of the psychological status in the form of non-constructive coping strategies Confrontation, Escape-avoidance in patients of group I (r=0.379, r=0.437, p<0.001) and group II (r=0.439, r=0.376, p<0.001). Conclusions. 1. In gynecological cancer cases examined in the PES state , there is an intensification of the processes of free radical oxidation of biomolecules. However, in patients with preserved ovaries, the oxidative processes are somewhat reduced. 2. Decrease in the levels of carbonyl oxidation products against the background of Melsmon therapy in patients with gynecological cancer in the state of PES testifies to the possibility of participation of the drug components in antiradical protection. 3. Evaluation of the results of sonographic monitoring of the abdominal and pelvic organs in patients included in the study did not reveal a worsening of the prognosis of the underlying disease against the background of allogeneic placental therapy. 4. Allogeneic placental therapy with Melsmon helps to improve the psychological status of gynecological cancer patients in the form of stress-overcoming.

14 ENHANCEMENT OF THE EARLY RECOVERY OF OVARY AND UTERUS FUNCTIONS BY TREATMENT OF eCG AND POVIDONE-IODINE IN POSTPARTUM JAPANESE BLACK CATTLE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of eCG and intrauterine infusion of povidone-iodine to promote the early recovery of ovary and uterus functions in early stage after delivery on postpartum beef cows. Thirty-three postpartum Japanese Black cows without retention of placenta were used for this investigation. After delivery, cows nursed colostrums to calves for several hours in a pen, and then were separated from calves and returned into a barn managed in a group. In experimental group (n = 14), on Day 10 (Day 0 = day of parturition), an intramuscular administration of 500 IU of eCG and infusion of 30 mL of 2% povidone-iodine into the uterus body were conducted. The untreated cows delivered in the same period were compared as a control group (n = 19). Cows were inseminated artificially using commercial Japanese Black frozen–thawed semen when standing oestrus was detected until Day 90. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 days after insemination by ultrasonography. For all of the experimental group and 8 cows in the control group, the diameter of follicles &gt;8 mm and the diameter of cross-section between endometrium in uterus of the implanted side at the point of ~2 cm from bifurcation of the uterus were measured using an ultrasound scanning machine connected to a 7.5-MHz convex probe. This monitoring was carried out every 10 days from Day 10 until the day of first oestrus (= insemination) or until Day 80 for non-returned oestrus cows. Data were analysed using Fisher’s exact test and ANOVA. The ratio of returned oestrus by Day 90 was 100% (14/14) in experimental group and 89.5% (17/19) in control group. The first oestrus day postpartum in the experimental group and the control group was the almost same: 52.9 ± 12.1 (24–88) days and 57.2 ± 19.9 (29–78) days, respectively. The conception rate until Day 90 tended to be higher (P = 0.07) in the experimental group (78.6%, 11/14) than in the control group (47.4%, 9/19). The days inseminated to cows that were conceived, was almost same between the experimental group (57.5 ± 18.6, 24–87 d) and the control group (55.4 ± 12.9, 36–78 d). The ratio of cows observed follicles more than 8 mm, was higher in the experimental group than control group on Day 50 (90.9% v. 50.0%; P = 0.09) and Day 60 (66.7% v. 0%; P &lt; 0.05), respectively. The diameter of uterus tended to be lesser in the experimental group than in the control group on Day 30 (16.9 ± 2.8 mm v. 19.2 ± 2.8 mm; P = 0.09), and that regressed linearly to Day 30 in the experimental group however that was prolonged until Day 40 (16.4 ± 1.7 mm) in the control group. These results indicate that administration of eCG and uterus infusion of povidone-iodine at an early stage postpartum may promote the early recovery of ovary and uterus functions in beef cows. This research was supported by a grant from the Research Program of MAFF, (REP1004) Development of Innovative Technology for Animal Reproduction.

Cancer risk in patients receiving renal replacement therapy: A meta-analysis of cohort studies.

It has been reported that patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT), including dialysis and kidney transplantation, tend to have an increased risk of cancer; however, studies on the degree of this risk have remained inconclusive. The present meta-analysis was therefore performed to quantify the cancer risk in patients with RRT. Cohort studies assessing overall cancer risk in RRT patients published before May 29, 2015 were included following systematic searches with of PubMed, EMBASE and the reference lists of the studies retrieved. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool standardized incidence rates (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses and publication bias assessment were performed. A total of 18 studies including 22 cohort studies were eventually identified, which comprised a total of 1,528,719 patients. In comparison with the general population, the pooled SIR for patients with dialysis including non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), dialysis excluding NMSC, transplantation including NMSC, transplantation excluding NMSC and RRT were 1.40 (95% CI, 1.36-1.45), 1.35 (95% CI, 1.23-1.50), 3.26 (95% CI, 2.29-4.63), 2.08 (95% CI, 1.73-2.50) and 2.01 (95% CI, 1.70-2.38), respectively. The cancer risk was particularly high in subgroups of large sample size trials, female patients, younger patients (age at first dialysis, 0-34 years; age at transplantation, 0-20 years), the first year of RRT and non-Asian transplant patients. A significant association was also found between RRT and the majority of organ-specific cancers. However, neither dialysis nor transplantation was associated with breast, body of uterus, colorectal or prostate cancer. Significant heterogeneity was found regarding the association between RRT and overall cancer as well as the majority of site-specific cancer types. However, this heterogeneity had no substantial influence on the pooled SIR for overall cancer in RRT according to the sensitivity analysis. Compared with the general population, RRT patients have a significantly increased risk of overall cancer and the majority of specific cancer types, particularly Kaposi sarcoma (KS), lip cancer and NMSC in patients subjected to kidney transplantation and cancer of the thyroid gland and kidney as well as myeloma in dialysis patients. Considering the high heterogeneity encountered, further high-quality studies are required.