Body Image Issues Research Articles

Attachment style to body dissatisfaction, restrained eating, and disordered eating in adolescent girls: Differential weight communication mediators

Body dissatisfaction and eating behaviors are disproportionately elevated amongst adolescent girls. Family relationships represent a context in which adolescent girls’ body image issues emerge. Thus, we integrated attachment and confirmation theories to examine whether weight related supportive messages (i.e., acceptance and challenge) mediated the relationship between attachment style (i.e., anxiety and avoidance) and body image outcomes (i.e., body dissatisfaction (BD), restrained eating (RE), and disordered eating (DE)). Acceptance refers to weight related support that is characterized by warmth and accepting messages; challenge refers to weight related support that is characterized by instrumental assistance and problem-solving messages. A sample of 106 adolescent girls, ages 11 to 21, completed self-report measures on attachment (Relationship Structures Questionnaire), acceptance and challenge (weight related Parental Behavior Questionnaire), body dissatisfaction (Eating Disorders Inventory), and eating behaviors (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire; Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale). Attachment anxiety directly related to all body image outcomes, whereas attachment avoidance only directly related to RE. Attachment avoidance only related to BD and DE indirectly through perceived acceptance. Those with high anxiety endorsed lower perceived challenge, whereas avoidant individuals endorsed lower perceived acceptance and challenge. We concluded that attachment dimension characteristics to be either hyperactivated regarding relationships (i.e., anxiety), or deactivated and distant (i.e., avoidance), are associated with how individuals perceive support, and in turn, are related to body image and eating behavior outcomes. Further, we clarify the differential roles of acceptance and challenge. Although both supportive, acceptance encompasses a layer of warmth that is more meaningful in body image, particularly for avoidantly attached individuals. By integrating qualities of attachment and supportive weight communication, we reveal that potential pathways of attachment to body image and eating behaviors.

Palliative Care for Pediatric Urology

Palliative care in the field of urology has largely been limited to adult oncologic conditions. Although there is a plethora of established literature suggesting the advantageous impact of palliative care, there is limited integration of palliative care in adult urology. This underutilization is further exacerbated in pediatric urology, and palliative care in pediatric urology remains an underexplored area despite the prevalence of several life-limiting conditions in this patient population. This paper highlights the potential need for palliative care intervention in a variety of urologic conditions in the pediatric population, including congenital lower urinary tract obstruction, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, exstrophy-epispadias complex, and congenital bilateral renal agenesis. Each condition poses unique challenges that can be addressed with the inclusion of a palliative care team, including decision-making spanning prenatal-neonatal-pediatric periods, acute and chronic symptom management, family relations, body image issues, risk of recurrent hospitalizations and surgeries, and potentially fatal complications. Alongside standard urologic interventions, palliative care can serve as an additional means of addressing physical and psychosocial symptoms experienced by pediatric urology patients to enhance the quality of life of patients and their families.

The Metal in My Body: Patients' Perception and Attitude Toward Orthopedic Implants.

Metal implants are broadly used in orthopedics and traumatology to stabilize bone fragments. This study aimed to explore patients' awareness, body image, and overall experience of living with a metal implant after a fracture. A mixed methods convergent design (QUAN+QUAL) was adopted. A self-reported 30-item questionnaire was used to investigate patients' perception and apprehension of the implantation of orthopedic materials. To enlighten the quantitative findings, semi-structured interviews followed till data saturation. Quantitative and qualitative data were compared during the analysis phase. Results showed that women's and elders' acceptance of the implants was greater than that of men and younger patients even in acute cases. The sense of superiority provided by the implant was mainly reported by the elderly (adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for increasing age: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02-1.1; p<0.01), and the sense of inferiority was mainly reported by young men (ORadj: 6.19; 95% CI: 2.36-16.22; p<0.01). Similarly, women and elderly mostly tended to answer that the injured limb felt stronger after the implant placement, while young men tended to answer a sense of weakness with the implant (ORadj for increasing age: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.09; ORadj for male gender: 4.67; 95% CI: 1.87-11.7; p<0.01 for both regressions). Most participants (56.6%) and mainly young participants, regardless of gender, expressed the desire to get the metal implants removed (ORadj for increasing age: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.89-0.95; p<0.01). Misinformation and misconception were also found in a high percentage of the questioned patients (48.1%). Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that none of the participants directly attributed any change in their life, self, or body image to the implants. An altered body image was not reported. The most reported experience was the restriction of movement due to the accident or the subsequent physical weakness. Despite the acceptance of the implant being great, the level of patient knowledge was fairly low. The present study highlights the importance of providing patients with information throughout their management to avoid misunderstandings. Age and gender did influence patients' perception of the implants. Personalized assessment is further needed to address body image issues after an implant placement procedure.

Women with disabilities, body image, and wellbeing: Assessing the effectiveness of dance sessions

IntroductionThere is growing research evidence on bodily discourses and body image issues of women with disabilities. Within the art-based intervention repertoire for persons with disabilities, dance and movement-based therapies and interventions are gaining prominence. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of dance sessions (delivered online) on body image, body satisfaction/dissatisfaction, and wellbeing of women with disabilities. MethodA quasi-experimental waitlist control design study was conducted with data collected at two time points: baseline or pre-test and five-months later or post-test. Outcomes were measured using the Body Image Scale and the WHO-5-Wellbeing Index. ResultsThe dance sessions were effective (Hedges’ g = −0.56 –0.88; p < 0.01) and post-test body dissatisfaction scores were lower and wellbeing scores were higher for participants with a college degree or postgraduate degree, self-employed or students, and whose intervention compliance was above threshold (>50% dance sessions attended and corresponding homework sessions completed). Tobit regression models indicated that it was possible to estimate post-test outcomes due to dance sessions alone, controlling for significant socio-demographics. DiscussionThe domain knowledge of non-pharmacological art-based interventions for persons with disabilities, particularly women, is supported. ConclusionsFindings commend dance sessions as effective psychotherapeutic mechanisms to mitigate body dissatisfaction, improve body image and wellbeing of women with disabilities. Future research may focus on large-scale cross-sectional trials, variations in the repertoire for women with different disability types and histories, and qualitative narratives.

A cross sectional comparative study to assess body image dissatisfaction in men and women in rural central India

Background In recent decades, the topic of body image has frequently been discussed. Some people view their bodies favorably, whereas others think negatively of them (1). An unhealthy body image can lead to terrible outcomes and is unpleasant (2). This is a significant public health problem that calls for effective intervention. So far, studies on body image issues in the past have tended to concentrate more on women. Therefore, there is a great demand for research on young people’s body image dissatisfaction as well as for comparative studies. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of body image issues in men and women aged 18 to 35 in rural central India and to determine the gender differences in body dissatisfaction. Methods This is a cross sectional study based on young adults aged 18 to 35 in rural central India. It is a convenience-based sampling and the formula used is Krejcie-Morgan Formula, using this the sample size came out to be 190. The ethics committee’s approval will be secured and the students will be asked for their informed consent before providing socio-demographic information and completing the following questionnaires: 1. Body image dissatisfaction scale. 2. Body image questionnaire. Results Once we get the answers to the aforementioned questionnaires, we will be able to evaluate the prevalence of body image problems among adults in rural central India and also compare the gender disparities in body dissatisfaction.

Health-related quality of life, psychological issues and concerns among sarcoma survivors: a mixed method study.

We aimed to explore the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological issues and concerns among sarcoma survivors in India and assess their satisfaction with nursing care. This study employed a sequential mixed-methods design, enrolling 100 sarcoma survivors from July to December 2021, with data collected using standardised questionnaires for HRQoL, depression, anxiety, stress, cognitive impairment and self-structured satisfaction with nursing care. Qualitative data were gathered through focused group discussions. The mean global health score among sarcoma survivors was 79.48 ± 16.26. A significant number of survivors had symptoms of mild-to-moderate depression (30%), severe anxiety (12%), stress (16%) and mild cognitive impairment (5%). Significant mean rank differences were observed between anxiety and financial difficulty (p < 0.05), emotional functioning (p < 0.001), cognitive functioning (p < 0.001), pain (<0.05), insomnia (p < 0.001), fatigue (p < 0.001), anorexia (p < 0.05) and nausea/vomiting (p < 0.001). Educational qualification had a significant association with depression and anxiety while family history of cancer emerged as a significant factor associated with anxiety and stress among survivors. Qualitative analysis revealed themes related to body image, societal discrimination, socio-economic impact, marriage concerns and fertility issues. Survivor satisfaction with nursing care was good. A substantial number of sarcoma survivors had an average HRQoL and experienced depression, anxiety and stress. Our study emphasizes the importance of holistic survivorship care, involving nurses in post-treatment support, and addressing societal discrimination and psychosocial concerns to enhance their quality of life. Our study calls for a holistic approach to sarcoma survivor care and emphasizes the importance of personalised survivorship care plans led by nurses to address the diverse needs of sarcoma survivors in India. Such plans should encompass strategies for managing depression, anxiety and stress, along with addressing body image concerns and social support.

Breaking the Silence: Understanding and Addressing Psychological Trauma in Adolescents and Young Adults with Breast Cancer

Abstract Among women, breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer, which is on the rise annually. While it mainly affects women over 50 years of age, 4% of cases occur in those aged 15–39 years. BC in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is a global concern, ranking the highest in both incidence and mortality, with 246,036 new cases reported in 2022. AYAs often face lower survival rates and poorer prognosis compared to older women. BC diagnosis has emotional impacts, including anxiety, despair, and fear, with AYAs experiencing higher distress levels than older patients. Unique challenges for young women include fertility concerns, career disruptions, financial difficulties, and body image issues. Risk factors for distress include lower social support, unmet needs, and lack of psychological support. AYAs with BC face increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder, exacerbated by the significant psychosocial distress of their illness. Addressing psychological distress in patients with BC involves social support groups, spirituality-based coping, meditation activities, resilience approaches, and multidisciplinary care. This holistic approach can enhance patient outcomes and well-being.

The Influence of Social Media on Womens Body Image

The purpose of this article is to discuss how social media has changed womens body image. Firstly, the researcher provides an introduction to the definition and significance of body image, along with an overview. Subsequently, researcher will then delve into the characteristics of social media in shaping womens physical appearance ideals, and examine its impact on womens perceptions of their bodies. The impact of traditional media and social media on body image is compared by the researcher. Furthermore, the researcher analyzes various factors contributing to body image issues on social media, including the thin ideal and beauty standards, filtered reality and Photoshop culture, comparison and envy on social media, and the influence of influencers and celebrities on body image. The researcher discusses the negative consequences of unattainable body image ideals, such as the development of dieting or binge eating, and the psychological impact on womens mental health. Additionally, the researcher proposes positive strategies and interventions, such as media literacy programs and education, positive body image campaigns, self-acceptance, and self-care practices. Finally, the researcher outlines future research directions, including identifying gaps in existing literature, investigating the influence of social media on male body image, and examining potential policy and health intervention implications.

Costuming the queer body: How body image impacts aesthetic and identity expression within queer creative communities

Queer costuming and costumed performances offer extraordinary transformations while expediting ludic socialization and temporal reinvention, thereby developing community-specific cultural capital. This article outlines how body image impacted participants’ experiences during a series of costume-making workshops that took place in Brisbane in 2021 as part of Brisbane’s queer party scene. The participants’ creative journeys are examined using Merleau-Ponty’s corporeal subjectivity, focusing on social environments’ impact on body image. The workshops’ facilitation framework supported individual design development within a shared creative process, centring queered socialization, peer support and community building. Body-image issues impact queer individuals who experience mainstream cultural value systems alongside queer-specific cultural norms. During the workshops, participants negotiated their body-image issues through creative design and participation in queer events. These negotiations were carried out within a queered social world, where the other participants impacted the participants’ decision-making processes. The findings demonstrate that when situated within an empathetic communal experience, individuals’ body-image negotiation and self-expression can be positively challenged, empowering confidence and creative risk.

Sex difference in body image, exercise motivation and social comparison among Instagram users: a cross sectional study

In the 21st century, impact of social media, particularly Social Networking Sites (SNSs) has been linked to a wide range of human beliefs and expectations. Growing body of research has indicated that body image concerns along with exercise motivation and social comparison are on the rise among young adults. The present study aimed to examine the sex difference in body image, exercise motivation and social comparison among people who use Instagram in the age group 20-30. A total of 212 participants (men=106, women=106) aged 20-30 years, who are users of Instagram completed Body Self Image Questionnaire Short Form as a measure of Body image, Exercise Motivation Inventory – 2 as a measure of Exercise Motivation and Instagram as a Tool for Social Comparison as a measure of Social Comparison. Results showed that a significant difference in body image exist across gender with body image issues higher among females and significant difference in exercise motivation across gender with exercise motivation higher among males. No sex differences were seen in social comparison. It was concluded that body image concerns are higher among females and the drive for exercise is higher among males who used Instagram. It was found that body image concerns were higher among people who exercised regularly as well as among those who followed fitness related pages on Instagram as compared to those who did not. These results provide an insight into the sex differences between the variables and future directions can be aimed at conducting an in-depth analysis using body image, exercise motivation and social comparison.

Exploring Quality of Life Experiences and Concerns of Black Breast Cancer Survivors: a Narrative Approach.

Black breast cancer survivors (BCS) in comparison with White BCS are more likely to experience suboptimal quality of life (QoL). QoL is a multi-dimensional concept that focuses on different aspects of well-being (e.g., emotional well-being). There is limited evidence on the perspectives and experiences of QoL (e.g., theinfluence of breast cancer on QoL) and the QoL concerns (e.g., negative perceptions of body appearance) among Black BCS. The purpose of this study was to explore the QoL experiences and QoL concerns ofBlack BCS. Primary data was collected in semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a thematic analysis. A narrative approach (detailed stories or life experiences of a small group of people) was used to better understand the research topic among the target group. Ferrell's Conceptual Framework on QoL in Breast Cancer was used to guide the development of the interview questions, codes, and themes. There were 10 Black BCS, averaging 58years of age. Two coders achieved a moderate level of agreement (i.e., Kappa) of 0.77. Five major themes were identified: defining QoL (what QoL means to them), behavioral changes (e.g., altering behaviors due to cancer), phases of cancer (e.g., breast cancer diagnosis), QoL experiences and factors affecting QoL, and impactful statements from cancer survivors (other meaningful information shared by the participants). The survivors reported multiple QoL concerns and body image issues. The study findings warrant cancer education interventions or programs to address the relevant survivorship issues of Black BCS.

Research on the Influence of Mass Media on the Development of Fashion Trend from the Perspective of New Media

This study aims to explore the intricate relationship between mass media and the fashion industry. With the rise of a plethora of media platforms, mass media has permeated every aspect of daily life, including the fashion industry. While mass media has played a significant role in shaping fashion trends, it has also led to a culture of fast fashion, compromising environmental sustainability and worker welfare. Moreover, the focus on unrealistic beauty standards in the media has resulted in body image issues among consumers. To better understand the impact of mass media on fashion, this study is divided into three main sections. The first section provides a brief history of mass media and its influence on fashion. The second section examines the role of mass media in shaping consumer behavior and the rise of fast fashion. Finally, the third section explores the challenges and opportunities for creating a more sustainable and inclusive fashion industry in the age of mass media. By examining the complex dynamics between mass media and fashion, this study contributes to ongoing discussions around the need for a more responsible and equitable fashion industry. It is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the role of mass media in shaping cultural values, social norms, and environmental practices for creating a sustainable and inclusive fashion industry.

Prevalence and correlates of anxiety and stress in school going adolescents in Delhi national capital region: a cross sectional study

Background: Anxiety and stress are notable health problems plaguing adolescents. Moreover, issues such as poor sleep quality and body image issues, common in adolescence, have also been linked to anxiety and stress previously. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted across 392 school going adolescents in Delhi NCR, India. Sociodemographic and lifestyle data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. DASS-21 was used to screen the participants for anxiety and stress, Pittsburgh sleep quality index for sleep quality, and Stunkard figure rating silhouette for body image issues. Data was entered into MS Excel spreadsheets and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version-25 was used for analysis. Results: 47.5% participants suffered from anxiety and 22.2% from stress. Anxiety was significantly associated with father’s education and occupation, stressful occurrences in the family, poor sleep quality and inadequate exercise. Stress was significantly higher in females and those with poor sleep quality. Conclusions: Anxiety and stress in adolescents show significant associations with familial and lifestyle factors. Identifying these risk factors can enable timely diagnosis and intervention.

How False Social Media Beauty Standards Lead To Body Dysmorphia

Social media apps, owing to their technological advancements and applications of photo editing tools, have digitalized the female body and in doing so have led to the creation of unrealistic beauty ideals. Social media along with cultural factors created a socio-digital construct in which an attractive and successful woman embodies European features. Repeated exposure to this kind of imagery has made women feel uncomfortable in their bodies. Objectification of young women to such an extent has created an environment where an increasing number of women are suffering from body image issues, such as body dysmorphic disorder. A mental health condition, whereby people utilize most of their time worrying about perceived flaws in their appearance. The excess of this disorder can lead to poor self-esteem, self-harm, depression, and even suicide. It is most common in teens and young adults. This study investigates the patterns of toxic social media trends, how they are being integrated into society and why young women are falling prey to them. The research methodology comprised of a mixed-method approach. It was conducted in two stages: the first half consisted of a Google survey which was shared online with Facebook Female-centric groups besides Instagram and WhatsApp.In the second stage, in-depth interviews of eight women, belonging to different backgrounds offitness trainer, psychologist, feminist writer, model, nutritionist, and three students from the age groups of 18, 21, and 24 were sampled. The reason for opting mixed method was to strengthen the study and enhance its authenticity through in-depth interview analysis.

Life experiences leading to the choice of surgery-A qualitative study exploring reasons behind the choice of undergoing gender affirmative surgery.

Gender dysphoria is frequently accompanied by physical dissatisfaction and body image issues. The primary objective of this study is to explore subjective experiences and perceptions among those who has undergone gender reassignment surgery, as well as their retrospective path to that decision. Sixteen qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 9 participants. The participants were accepted for gender affirming surgery and interviewed before and after surgery. Cultural norms, and values in relation to time and context were highlighted as significant in reference to the opportunity one had to display a gender identity that corresponded to prevailing expectations. Participants gradually began to recognize their differences and divergence from others in social interactions and experiencing "wrong" bodily changes during puberty created even greater discrepancy. Several impression control measures, such as avoiding certain situations and using concealing techniques, were employed to prevent what was described as both felt and enacted stigma. The significance of having genital organs that accurately reflect one's gender identity was emphasized to prevent emotional distress and dysphoria caused by this discrepancy. Socio-cultural expectations, combined with enacted stigma, seem to cause, or re-enforce self-stigma as people internalize these attitudes and suffer from physical and mental consequences as a result. Thus, societal, and cultural trends seem to have a strong influence and feed the idea of being born in the wrong body. However, even though several participants underwent socially inspired alterations, they all experienced dysphoria in the extent that they continued to see reassignment surgery as a solution.

Intolerable feelings of uncertainty within the body: Associations between interoceptive awareness, intolerance of uncertainty, and body dissatisfaction.

Adolescence is a period marked by important physical and social changes, which often leads to an increase of body dissatisfaction. Recent studies have shown an association between interoception and body dissatisfaction in female adolescents. One variable that may contribute to the association between interoceptive awareness and body dissatisfaction is intolerance of uncertainty (IU). This study aims to investigate multiple facets of interoceptive awareness, IU, and their relations with body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. In a cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 307 adolescent girls (mean age = 17.73; SD = 1.02) was recruited in the Netherlands in 2022. Three questionnaires were completed measuring interoceptive awareness, IU, and body dissatisfaction. A moderation analyses using a multiple hierarchical regression was used to investigate associations between variables. Correlation analyses indicated that several facets of lower interoceptive awareness (Not distracting, Not worrying and Trusting) were related to higher levels of body dissatisfaction. IU only marginally moderated the relationship between several domains of interoceptive awareness (Notice, Attention regulation and Emotional awareness) and body dissatisfaction. Findings suggest that experiencing bodily signals as ambiguous and uncertain may result in more complex body image issues. Within certain domains of interoceptive awareness, IU may affect the process of appraising bodily signals. Furthermore, adolescent girls who do not feel safe in their body and who find it difficult to distract their thoughts when experiencing pain or discomfort in their body may be particularly at risk for developing more complex body image disturbances and may benefit from interventions improving both interoceptive awareness and IU. Moreover, future research should focus on interoceptive awareness and IU as potential underlying mechanisms for body image issues.

The effectiveness of an instagram intervention targeted at men to reduce body dissatisfaction

Instagram is a hugely popular social media website; however, research has suggested that continued use of the site may lead to increased body dissatisfaction and lower body esteem. Materials intended to reduce these effects are available, but these often focus more on thinness and are intended for use by females. Male users tend to focus more on muscularity and leanness, and so these materials may not fully address male body image issues. In this paper, we created and tested materials intended to address this gap. These materials used two principles; media literacy, which educates users about the veracity of the images they see, and cognitive restructuring, which trains user to recognise unfavourable social comparisons they may make about themselves. Across two experimental studies (study 1 N = 192; study 2 N = 301), we found these materials were effective. Participants reported greater body image esteem, and lower body dissatisfaction after viewing materials. Moreover, they seemed to operate on increasing scepticism regarding the realism of images on social media. Narcissism as an individual difference moderated these effects, showing that high narcissism precluded the need for intervention because such individuals were unaffected by Instagram exposure. Ideas for future studies, including a forthcoming longitudinal examination of these effects are then discussed.

Depression, sleep, body image, and lifestyle: Prevalence and associated factors of depression among school-going adolescents in Delhi National Capital Region.

Adolescents are known to be vulnerable to depression, which worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also exhibit poor sleep quality and body image issues (BIIs) which are considered risk factors for depression. There is a paucity of Indian studies regarding adolescent depression and its correlation with lifestyle. To detect the prevalence of depression in adolescents, and understand its association with sociodemographic variables, sleep quality, BIIs, and lifestyle factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 adolescents attending classes 8th-12th in two schools in Delhi National Capital Region. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and lifestyle data. Depression anxiety stress scale-21 was used to detect depression. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Stunkard Figure Rating Scale were used to evaluate sleep quality and BIIs. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version-25. Depression was present in 40.3% of students. It was more common in girls, older students, students in higher classes, who lacked siblings and whose mothers were engaged in professions as well as those with BIIs. However, after multivariate analysis, the association of depression with poor sleep quality, meal skipping, lack of exercise, family history of mental illness, and inverse association with open discussion of one's thoughts and worries with family remained significant. Depression is common among adolescents and shows associations with poor sleep quality and lifestyle choices. Awareness of these associations may enable better screening and early intervention for vulnerable adolescents.

THE EFFECT OF BODY DISSATISFACTION ON DISORDERED EATING ATTITUDES: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF NEGATIVE AFFECTS IN ADOLESCENTS

Body dissatisfaction is considered as the most primitive risk factor for developing eating disturbances. Despite the fact that body dissatisfaction is also found in normative population as well, making sense out of it this study aimed to determined the interacting variables which possibly influence the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. The study aimed to explored the following mediators: social anxiety and depression and the effects they had on disturbed eating attitudes among individuals with body dissatisfaction. A total of 300 students were approached aged 15-20 years (mean age = 17.23 years, SD = 1.42 years) who completed the Body Area Satisfaction Subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scales, Social Anxiety subscale of self consciousness scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Eating, Attitudes Test-26. Based on the research findings, the serial-multiple mediation of social anxiety and depression in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and disturbed eating attitudes was found to be statistically significant. Study findings highlights how body dissatisfaction and eating pathology are linked and what the fundamental mediators are in the chain. Adolescents with disturbed eating, along with the body image issues fear of negative evaluation and negative affects should also acknowledged by the mental health practitioner in order to design effective treatment plans.

Social media, body image issues and dentistry

Social media trends have had devastating effects on many people's mental and dental health with increasing incidence of social anxiety, eating disorders and demands for dubious dentistry.