Body Gut Research Articles

Parasites and Bacterial Interaction in the Digestive Tract

In our intestine, there is an interface between immunity and intestinal pathogens, which is important for maintaining homeostasis and influencing the other. Maintaining health seems to depend on the human body's gut microbiota being balanced. Protozoans and helminths are two types of intestinal parasites that interfere with the microbial atmosphere altering the host stability. However, the microbiota of the gut is a special constituent that could seriously impede the infection pathophysiology. Probiotics can be supportive in lowering the many parasite pathogenicity, in addition commensal microbiota of the gut play a significant role in helping many parasite occurance, such as the synthesis of nutritious particles. For these reasons, there is a rising interest in elucidating the logic behind potential relationships between: intestinal parasites, inflammation immune response, and microbiota.

Probiotics: Multiple Roles of Microbes from Fresh and Fermented Sources

An important factor in improving human health is the human body's gut flora. As everyone is aware, the human body has a variety of healthy living microorganisms that aids in the defence against any unwelcome foreign organisms that might invade in our bodies. The most recent development demonstrates how people are turning more and more aware toward probiotics and treating intestinal discomfort instead of using medications. Numerous genera and species, including Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lueconostoc, Pediococcus, Propionibacter, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida pintolopesii, Aspergillus niger, etc., are present in probiotics. Amongst them, Lactobacillus is most prominent and in-demand genera as it has important component of the global food and feed sectors. Not just dairy products, unusual sources can also be rich in probiotic organisms. Fresh and fermented fruits, vegetables, fruit juices, and cereals extracts contain the most frequent lactic Acid Bacillus strains. Probiotics not only help to avoid diarrhoea but also help to lower the risk of coronary heart disease, obesity, and work as an immune booster. Probiotics will undoubtedly become more popular in the near future as more people discover their capacity to address a variety of health problems. Therefore, developing fresh concepts to create better strains would aid in improving the subsequent care for various accurately and conveniently treat gastro disorders using probiotics.

The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review.

As a complex endocrine and metabolic condition, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects women's reproductive health. These common symptoms include hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, irregular menstruation, and infertility. No one knows what causes it or how to stop it yet. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and disruptions in secondary bile acid production appear to play a causative role in developing PCOS. PCOS pathophysiology and phenotypes are tightly related to both enteric and vaginal bacteria. Patients with PCOS exhibit changed microbiome compositions and decreased microbial diversity. Intestinal microorganisms also alter PCOS patient phenotypes by upregulating or downregulating hormone release, gut-brain mediators, and metabolite synthesis. The human body's gut microbiota, also known as the "second genome," can interact with the environment to improve metabolic and immunological function. Inflammation is connected to PCOS and may be caused by dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. This review sheds light on the recently discovered connections between gut microbiota and insulin resistance (IR) and the potential mechanisms of PCOS. This study also describes metabolomic studies to obtain a clear view of PCOS and ways to tackle it.

Research progress on adaptive modifications of the gut microflora and regulation of host glucose and lipid metabolism by cold stimulation

Abstract The gut microflora is a combination of all microbes in intestine and their microenvironment, and its change can sensitively reflect the relevant response of the body to external environment and remarkably affect body's metabolism as well. Recent studies have found that cold exposure affects the body's gut microflora, which can lead to changes in the body's metabolism of glucose and lipid. This review summarizes recent research on the effects of cold exposure on gut microbes and metabolism of glucose and lipid, aiming to provide some new ideas on the approaches and measures for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity.

New Insights into Stroke Prevention and Treatment: Gut Microbiome.

Stroke, a lethal neurological disease, accounts for a grave economic burden on society. Despite extensive basic and clinical studies on stroke prevention, a precise effective treatment approach for stroke at this stage remains unavailable. The majority of our body's gut microbiota plays a vital role in food digestion, immune regulation, and nervous system development, which is highly associated with the development of some diseases. Multipleclinical studies have documented variation in the composition of gut microbiota between stroke patients and healthy counterparts. Moreover, the intervention of intestinal symbiotic microorganisms via several mechanisms plays an active role in stroke prognosis. In the prevention and treatment of stroke, the gut microbiota gives off a seductive glow, this is a promising therapeutic target. This paper summarizes the current knowledge of stroke and gut microbiota, and systematically describes the possible mechanisms of interaction between stroke and gut microbiota, the relationship between stroke-related risk factors and gut microbiota, and the treatment of gut flora using microorganisms. Thus, it could valuably elucidate the correlation of gut microbiota with stroke incidence, providing stroke researchers with a new strategy for stroke prevention and treatment by regulating gut microbiota.

Dietary uptake of Cd, Cr, and Zn by the barnacle Balanus trigonus: influence of diet composition

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 204:159-168 (2000) - doi:10.3354/meps204159 Dietary uptake of Cd, Cr, and Zn by the barnacle Balanus trigonus: influence of diet composition Wen-Xiong Wang1,*, Philip S. Rainbow2 *E-mail: wwang@ust.hk ABSTRACT: Concentrations of several metals (e.g., Cu and Zn) in barnacles are probably the highest recorded among any marine animals. Physiological processes responsible for such high metal concentrations remain less well quantified. In this study we measured the assimilation efficiency (AE) of Cd, Cr, and Zn in a subtidal barnacle Balanus trigonus, an important fouling organism in the Indo-Pacific region. The bioavailabilities of metals from different phytoplankton diets and zooplankton diet (the copepod Paracalanus aculeatus) were compared. The AEs in B. trigonus feeding on different phytoplankton (diatoms, a dinoflagellate, and a prasinophyte) were in the range 41 to 62% for Cd, 3 to 10% for Cr, and 54 to 85% for Zn. The AEs of Cd and Zn were relatively higher in barnacles feeding on zooplankton diets, ranging from 77 to 78% for Cd and 86 to 88% for Zn. For different phytoplankton diets, we showed that the AEs of Cd and Zn were related to metal distribution in the phytoplankton cytoplasm and the metal gut-passage time. For Cr, no relationship between its AE and its distribution in algal cytoplasm was found, but its AE was significantly dependent on the time of Cr passage through the barnacle¹s gut. The distribution of metals in the copepod¹s soft tissue did not affect the assimilation of metals in the barnacles. Barnacles appeared to assimilate a significant fraction of metals associated with the cell wall/membrane of phytoplankton cells or the exoskeleton of copepods. A significant relationship was also found between the AEs of Cd and Zn, suggesting that their digestion and transport were coupled in the gut. Consistently, comparable fractions of Cd and Zn were distributed in the body gut after 2 d depuration. The high AE of metals found in this study may contribute substantially to the significance of trophic transfer in accounting for the high concentrations of Cd and Zn in barnacles. KEY WORDS: Barnacles · Dietary uptake · Assimilation · Cadmium · Chromium · Zinc Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 204. Online publication date: October 05, 2000 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2000 Inter-Research.

Monoisoamyl ester of DMSA reduces203Hg(NO3)2 retention in rats: 1. Chelation therapy during pregnancy

In this study, efficacy of monoisoamyl meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinate (Mi-ADMS) was tested to mobilize mercury in the period of gestation in rats. Its action was compared to meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Pregnant dams (in second third of gestation) received a single intravenous injection of 203Hg(NO3)2 and oral chelating therapy with DMSA or Mi-ADMS 0.5, 24, and 48 hours after that. Each chelator was administered in three single doses of 0.5 mmol/kg body weight on three consecutive days. The fifth day after 203Hg exposure, retentions were measured in whole body, organs, and fetuses. Results (expressed as the percentage of 203Hg dose) showed that all retention values among treated animals were lower than in the control group. Significantly higher reduction of whole body gut, liver, kidney, and brain retentions in Mi-ADMS (to 2–5% of control values) than in DMSA-treated groups (to 37–80% of control values) was found. 203Hg retention in uterus, fetuses, and placentae were reduced to 7–8% in Mi-ADMS and to 41–56% of control value in DMSA group. The major routes of 203Hg excretion after DMSA treatment was urine, whereas fecal excretion was the same as that of controls. After Mi-ADMS treatment, both urinary and fecal 203Hg excretions were ∼2–3 times higher than the control values resulting in the lowest body retention. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 10:173–181, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Monoisoamyl ester of DMSA reduces 203Hg(NO3)2 retention in rats: 1. Chelation therapy during pregnancy

In this study, efficacy of monoisoamyl meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinate (Mi-ADMS) was tested to mobilize mercury in the period of gestation in rats. Its action was compared to meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Pregnant dams (in second third of gestation) received a single intravenous injection of 203Hg(NO3)2 and oral chelating therapy with DMSA or Mi-ADMS 0.5, 24, and 48 hours after that. Each chelator was administered in three single doses of 0.5 mmol/kg body weight on three consecutive days. The fifth day after 203Hg exposure, retentions were measured in whole body, organs, and fetuses. Results (expressed as the percentage of 203Hg dose) showed that all retention values among treated animals were lower than in the control group. Significantly higher reduction of whole body gut, liver, kidney, and brain retentions in Mi-ADMS (to 2–5% of control values) than in DMSA-treated groups (to 37–80% of control values) was found. 203Hg retention in uterus, fetuses, and placentae were reduced to 7–8% in Mi-ADMS and to 41–56% of control value in DMSA group. The major routes of 203Hg excretion after DMSA treatment was urine, whereas fecal excretion was the same as that of controls. After Mi-ADMS treatment, both urinary and fecal 203Hg excretions were ∼2–3 times higher than the control values resulting in the lowest body retention. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 10:173–181, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.