Fat Ratio Research Articles

Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide in Weight Loss of Non-diabetic People.

The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in weight loss in non-diabetic people. In this study, 84 non-diabetic people who used semaglutide to lose weight in the outpatient department of our hospital from January 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022, were enrolled and compared for changes in body weight, waist circumference, Body Mass Index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, pulse, and body composition (body fat ratio, visceral fat area, and skeletal muscle) before treatment and 12 weeks after the treatment to analyze the weight loss efficacy and safety. After administering semaglutide 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, or 1 mg subcutaneously once a week for 12 weeks, 84 participants in this study obtained an average weight loss of 5.91 ± 3.37 kg, equivalent to 6.15 ± 4.28% of baseline body weight, and there was also a significant reduction in visceral fat area and a slight reduction in blood pressure. The most common adverse reactions included gastrointestinal reactions (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), which were mild and subsided within 1-2 days. No severe adverse reaction, such as hypoglycemia and hypotension, was observed. Low-dose semaglutide has been found to be effective and safe for short-term weight loss in non-diabetic people.

Development of Oleogel-Based Fat Replacer and Its Application in Pan Bread Making.

In recent years, the bakery industry has been exploring alternative fats to replace traditional solid fats. Shortening, a common baking ingredient, is produced through the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, resulting in high levels of saturated and trans fatty acids, despite its vegetable oil origin. The excessive consumption of these fats has been associated with negative health effects, including dyslipidemia and cardiovascular issues. Oleogels, incorporating hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum (XG), and olive oil, were utilized to replace shortening in the production of white pan bread. The substitution of shortening with oleogel in the white pan bread preparation demonstrated potential reductions in saturated fat, trans fat, and the ratio of saturated fat to unsaturated fatty acids. Specifically, with the complete substitution of shortening with oleogel, saturated fatty acids decreased by 52.46% and trans fatty acids by 75.72%, with unsaturated fatty acids increasing by 57.18%. Our findings revealed no significant difference in volume between bread made with shortening and bread with up to 50% shortening substitution. Moreover, when compared to bread made with shortening and 50% oleogel substitution, no adverse effects on the quality characteristics of volume and expansion properties were observed, and the retrogradation rate was delayed. This study suggests that incorporating oleogels, formed with hydrocolloids such as HPMC and XG, to replace shortening in bread, in conjunction with traditional solid fats, provides positive effects on the quality and nutritional aspects of the bread compared to using oleogel alone. Through this study, we demonstrate the use of oleogels as a healthier alternative to shortening, without reducing the bread's quality, thus offering a practical solution to reduce unhealthy fats in bakery products.

Slaughter and meat qualities of purebred and crossbred bulls of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed

Predicting the composition of cattle carcasses is crucial for both producers and processors. The commercial value of carcasses is related to the composition of their tissues (the ratio of muscle, fat and bone). Ukraine, with a signifcant portion of beef from dairy breeds, must align national carcass evaluation standards with international norms due to its accession to the European Community. The article presents the results of studies of the qualitative characteristics of carcasses of 21-month-old bulls of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and its crossbreds with Holstein. The animals were slaughtered in a slaughterhouse in the village of Kalynivka, Brovary district, Kyiv region. The diference between the groups of bulls by age was up to 5 %. After slaughtering the animals, the conformation of the carcasses was determined in accordance with the EUROP (2008) methodology. According to the JMGA classifcation (2000), the colour of muscle and adipose tissue was assessed using a colour scale from 1 to 7, and the marbling of the m. longissimus dorsi between the 12th and 13th rib was assessed on a scale from 1 to 12. Purebred bulls of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed tended to be superior to crossbreds in terms of live and slaughter weight. According to the morphological composition of carcasses, purebred animals also tended to be superior to their mixed peers in terms of muscle tissue content, including the highest and frst grades. Evaluation of the quality of carcasses of experimental animals according to world standards showed that 21-month-old bulls of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed received a slightly higher score (by 6.7 %) for carcass conformation (meatiness) and marbling (by 12.9 %). However, they tended to have a smaller (by 14.2 %) thickness of fat on the carcass and a lower (by 12.0 %) development of fat. The practical signifcance of the data is to obtain knowledge about the signs of slaughter, morphological composition and quality characteristics of carcasses of dairy animals of Ukraine, which are fed by farms for slaughter, which are used in world practices to determine the value of carcasses. Key words: conformation, marbling, technological properties of beef, meat productivity.

Association between A/G ratio and arterial stiffness among Chinese type 2 diabetics: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe android-to-gynoid fat ratio (A/G ratio), an emerging indicator of obesity independent of body mass index (BMI), has yet to be conclusively associated with arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to construct a nomogram to estimate arterial stiffness risk in diabetics and explore the interaction effect between A/G ratio and traditional obesity indicators on arterial stiffness. Methods1313 diabetics were divided into 2 groups based on arterial stiffness identified by brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and demographic and clinical features were measured. The LASSO and multivariate logistics regression were used to develop the nomogram. Calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were applied to assess calibration and clinical usefulness. Interaction effect analysis was performed to quantify the interactive relationship of A/G ratio and obesity indicators on arterial stiffness. Results6 independent predictors (age, gender, A/G ratio, SBP, LDL-C and HbA1C) were screened to construct a nomogram prediction model. The calibration curve demonstrated satisfactory agreement between predicted and actual probability, and the nomogram exhibited clinical beneficial at the threshold between 8 % and 95 % indicated by DCA. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.918 and 0.833 for training and external set, respectively. Further investigation revealed A/G ratio and BMI acted positively synergistically towards arterial stiffness, and in BMI-based subgroup analysis, elevated A/G ratio was a significant risk factor for arterial stiffness, especially in normal BMI. ConclusionsA/G ratio showed a substantial association with arterial stiffness, and the nomogram, incorporating age, gender, A/G ratio, SBP, LDL-C, and HbA1c, exhibited high predictive value. A/G ratio measurement in BMI-normal individuals assisted in identifying cardiovascular diseases early.

Quantification of Visceral Fat at the L5 Vertebral Body Level in Patients with Crohn's Disease Using T2-Weighted MRI.

The umbilical or L3 vertebral body level is often used for body fat quantification using computed tomography. To explore the feasibility of using clinically acquired pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for visceral fat measurement, we examined the correlation of visceral fat parameters at the umbilical and L5 vertebral body levels. We retrospectively analyzed T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) MR axial images from Crohn's disease patients who underwent MRI enterography of the abdomen and pelvis over a three-year period. We determined the area/volume of subcutaneous and visceral fat from the umbilical and L5 levels and calculated the visceral fat ratio (VFR = visceral fat/subcutaneous fat) and visceral fat index (VFI = visceral fat/total fat). Statistical analyses involved correlation analysis between both levels, inter-rater analysis between two investigators, and inter-platform analysis between two image-analysis platforms. Correlational analysis of 32 patients yielded significant associations for VFI (r = 0.85; p < 0.0001) and VFR (r = 0.74; p < 0.0001). Intraclass coefficients for VFI and VFR were 0.846 and 0.875 (good agreement) between investigators and 0.831 and 0.728 (good and moderate agreement) between platforms. Our study suggests that the L5 level on clinically acquired pelvic MRIs may serve as a reference point for visceral fat quantification.

Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in meat and dairy goat kids fed a concentrate-based diet or allotted to an intensive rotational grazing system

Forty meat or dairy kids were blocked within breed according to body weight. Kids within each block were then randomly allotted to a concentrate-based diet or an intensive rotational grazing system. Kids fed the concentrate-based diet were offered hay ad libitum and fixed amounts of whole corn and soybean meal to meet the requirements for maintenance and daily gain. Grazing kids from each breed were stocked in groups and offered a new paddock every day. Dry matter intake was not different between breeds. Meat kids had a greater average daily gain than dairy kids but feeding treatments did not affect the growth rate. Dairy kids had greater anterior cuts (neck, shoulder), whereas meat kids tended to have greater posterior cuts (loin, leg). Meat kids accumulated more fat when they were fed concentrate in comparison with pasture, whereas this variable tended to be less influenced by dietary treatments in dairy kids. Meat of pasture-fed kids had greater Warner-Bratzler shear force and glycolytic potential, and lower ultimate pH than meat of concentrate-fed kids. The n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of intramuscular fat was almost 4-fold greater in concentrate- then pasture-fed kids; this ratio was 1.4-fold greater in dairy than meat kids.

DETERMINATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS IN KETOSIS USING PROBIOTICS

High-yielding cows are prone to negative energy balance due to high lactation and insufficient dry matter intake after calving. This leads to the mobilization of fat and protein in the body to meet the nutrient needs of the lactating cow. High levels of nonesterified fatty acids are maintained by fat and protein mobilization, leading to ketosis due to incomplete oxidation of ketone bodies. The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of probiotics on the productivity of cows and the quality of milk in ketosis. Research was conducted in the period from October to November 2021 on Holstein cows in the limited liability company "Lan" Agricultural Company of the North-Eastern region of Ukraine. It was found that in cows in the post-calving group, seven days after calving, the level of ketone bodies in the blood of the cows ranged from 1.0 to 2.1 mmol/l, which is higher than in the control by 71.42–185.71%. Two weeks after probiotic administration, ketone levels were between 0.5 and 1.2 mmol/L, 16.65–100% higher than controls. On the 28th day of the study, the content of ketone bodies in cows was within the physiological norm. In cows suffering from ketosis, productivity was reduced on the seventh day of research by 22.42–336.4%, on the 14th day by 11.6–29.35%. During the study of productivity, its restoration to the indicators of healthy animals on the 28th day after calving was established at the level of 28-29 kg/day. At the same time, the content of microorganisms and somatic cells had a direct correlation with productivity, and on the 28th day, the milk of all experimental cows was suitable for consumption and corresponded to the "extra" variety. In the first week after calving, the ratio of milk fat and protein in the milk of cows with ketosis was slightly imbalanced, which is a sign of ketosis. On the seventh day of the study, the milk fat level exceeded the protein content in cow 6905 by 32%, in cow 6852 by 39.25%, in cow 6916 by 30.34%, in cow 7642 by 41.17%, in cow 6187 – by 33.62%, in cow 2563 – by 36.40%, in cow 3891 – by 41.63%. At the end of the study on the 28th day, the fat/protein ratio approached the reference level of 1:1 in all experimental animals.

Body composition analysis using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in an Egyptian pediatric sickle cell disease cohort.

Growth failure is commonly encountered in sickle cell disease (SCD). Tissue compartment growth and development are subsequently likely to be altered in such patients. We aimed to analyze body composition in an Egyptian pediatric SCD cohort using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), one of the most comprehensive and noninvasive assessment methods available. Forty children with SCD ≤18years and 40 healthy youngsters age- and gender-matched were enrolled. Patients' demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were obtained from their archived files. All patients and controls were subjected to body composition assessment using a MedixDR-Whole Body DEXA System. In SCD patients; weight and height relative to age Z scores were significantly lower (p<.001), total body lean was significantly higher (p=.006), and total body fat percentage was lower, yet the difference was not statistically significant (p=.09). There were no statistically significant variations in bone mineral density or content, basal metabolic rate, subcutaneous adipose tissue, android/gynoid fat ratio, and visceral adipose tissue. There were no significant gender disparities between SCD patients and controls. Faltering growth in children with SCD should be addressed with a multidisciplinary approach including nutritional support, correction of anemia, and proper medical care. Body composition parameters assessed using DEXA were comparable between cases and controls apart from total body lean. Further clinical studies are needed with multicenter cooperation and a larger sample size to assess the usefulness of DEXA as an assessment tool for body composition in children with SCD.

Phytosterol supplementation enhances the growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant status and glucose metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed a high-starch diet

IntroductionPrevious studies found that phytosterols could influence growth performance, feed utilization and lipid metabolism as well as improve the antioxidant capacity of animals.MethodsTo investigate the effects of dietary phytosterol supplementation on juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed a high-starch diet, a 56- day feedingtrial was conducted with four dietary feeds for juvenile largemouth bass: extruded floating feed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain 10% and 15% α-starch; on the basis of a 15% α-starch diet, two other diets were formulated with supplementation of 0.1% and 0.5% phytosterol, respectively. After the feeding trials, the survival rate, weight gain and specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, intraperitoneal fat ratio, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and activities of three digestive enzymes, as well as the concentrations of nine plasma biochemical indices, hepatic enzyme activities and glycogen contents, were measured and calculated, and the data were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe results of the present study showed that the survival rate, weight gain and specificgrowthrates were significantly greater in plants fed high-starch diets supplemented with phytosterols. As the supplemental phytosterol concentration increased, the feed conversion ratio and intraperitoneal fat ratio significantly decreased; the protease and lipase levels in the pyloric zone markedly increased; the plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, malondialdehyde, aspartate transaminase and alanin transaminase levels significantly decreased; the glucokinase and pyruvate kinase levelsmarkedly increased; and the hepatic glycogen content significantly decreased.DiscussionIn summary, dietary phytosterol supplementation promoted the growth performance, feed utilization and antioxidant status of juvenile largemouth bass fed a highstarch diet; enhanced glucose utilization and metabolism; and alleviated the negative stimulation of glycemia stress in M. salmoide fed a high-starch diet.

Increased adiposity-to-muscle ratio and severity of sinusitis affect quality of life in asthma: Computed tomographic analysis

BackgroundDeteriorated sinusitis and increased adiposity relative to muscle mass may affect the quality of life(QoL) in patients with asthma. However, whether these effects are observed regardless of intra-pulmonary pathology is unknown. ObjectivesTo evaluate the correlation of the cross-sectional ratio of abdominal visceral fat (VF) to erector spinae muscle (ESM) and sinus findings based on Lund-Mackey scoring system (LMS) on computed tomography (CT) with the impaired score of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), regardless of airway and parenchymal disease, in patients with asthma. MethodsParticipants from the Hokkaido-based severe asthma cohort who had completed AQLQ and CT examination at the entry. The participants were divided into high (highest) and low (other quartiles) groups based on the extra-pulmonary indices. The multivariate analysis examined the association of VF/ESM for the adiposity-to-muscle ratio, LMS with AQLQ, after adjusting for the airway fractal dimension for airway index, %low attenuation volume for parenchymal index. ResultsNo significant differences were observed in VF/ESM and LMS in terms of sex. The AQLQ score in the high VF/ESM group and high LMS group was lower than those in low VF/ESM group and low LMS group (N:Male/Female, 63/100). High VF/ESM (estimate [95% confidence interval], (-0.43[-0.61,-0.25]) and high LMS scores (-0.22(-0.41, -0.03)) were associated with low AQLQ scores, adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, blood eosinophil counts, and intra pulmonary CT indices. ConclusionsIncreased VF relative to ESM mass and high LMS may deteriorate asthma related QoL, regardless of intra-pulmonary disease.

Association between dietary fat intake and risk of polycystic ovary syndrome

To analyze the association between dietary fat intake and the risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS). PCOS patients treated in a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province from October 2021 to October 2022 were selected as the case group, and non-PCOS patients treated in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. A total of 262 subjects were included in the study, 131 were included in the case group and 131 in the control group. A semi-quantitative dietary frequency questionnaire was used to investigate the dietary intake in the past year, and the daily intake of various fatty acids and the ratio of fatty acid energy supply were calculated according to the food intake. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between dietary fat intake and the risk of PCOS. The dietary intakes of total fat, fatty acid, saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid in PCOS patients were higher than those in control group(P&gt;0.05), and there was statistical significance in daily intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid between two groups(P&lt;0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors such as long-term residence, occupation, family per capita monthly income, menstrual cycle regularity, menstrual volume, and weight loss experience, Logistic regression analysis showed that the ratio of fat supply to energy was positively correlated with the risk of PCOS(OR=1.622, 95%CI 1.237-2.127). The energy supply ratio of monosaturated fatty acids(OR=0.597, 95%CI 0.373-0.955) and polyunsaturated fatty acids(OR=0.585, 95%CI 0.372-0.921) were negatively correlated with the risk of PCOS(P&lt;0.05). The energy supply ratio of fat was positively correlated with the risk of PCOS, while the energy supply ratio of monosaturated fatty acids and the energy supply ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids were negatively correlated with the risk of PCOS.

Daily glucose pattern and physical activity levels in cancer survivors: preliminary results from remote monitoring

Background: Cancer survivors have elevated risk for type 2 diabetes. Increasing physical activity improves glucose control. However, this evidence is majorly based on blood glucose metrics (e.g., glucose or hemoglobin A1c) at a single point in time. Little is known about the effect of physical activity on blood glucose changes throughout a day in cancer survivors. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that higher physical activity levels is associated with a more favorable daily glucose pattern in cancer survivors in free-living settings. Methods: This is a preliminary analysis of an ongoing randomized controlled trial (Project KNOWN) to examine the effect of physical activity on daily glucose pattern via continuous remote monitoring. A total of 11 cancer survivors were included in this analysis (90% female, 90% white, average age 62.5 years [range 44-76 yr], 67% obese, and 75% hypertension). Participants wore a wrist-worn accelerometer (for daily steps) and a blinded continuous glucose monitor (CGM; for daily glucose averages [interstitial glucose was measured at every 15 minutes] and daily frequency of glucose spikes [defined as glucose level &gt;140 mg/dL]) for two weeks. Multilevel regression model was used to account for multiple observations within each individual and to separate the within-person (WP) and between-person (BP) effects. The WP effect represents deviation from one’s own mean on any given day, and the BP effect represents the individual mean deviation from the study sample mean. To explore moderating effect on the relationship between physical activity and daily glucose, inflammatory biomarkers, blood lipids, blood pressure and body fatness (DEXA scan) were measured. Results: At the WP level, participants with elevated (&gt;4 mg/L) systemic C-reactive protein (marker of inflammatory status), on the day when they had higher-than-usual step count, their glucose average was also lower than their usual level ( p=0.04). At the BP level, daily steps were negatively associated with daily frequency of glucose spikes in participants with less severe hypertension, lower % gynoid fat, and higher android/gynoid ratio than others in the study sample (all p&lt;0.05). Further, daily steps were negatively associated with daily glucose average in participants with higher trunk-to-total fat ratio than others (p&lt;0.05). Discussion: This preliminary study demonstrated the use of data from wearable sensors to analyze intra- and inter-person variability in daily glucose patterns in cancer survivors. Results suggested the impact of physical activity on daily glucose patterns might differ by a person’s physiological status. Future research can further characterize meaningful daily glucose dynamics from CGM data in cancer survivors to better understand how physical activity may have downstream effect on their health outcomes. American Institute for Cancer Research. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Blood Glucose Fluctuation Is Indicative of Adiposity

Introduction: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system is an effective tool for assessing a person’s glycemic control in real-time, in a “free living condition”. Poor glycemic control is strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, obesity, and the pernicious deposition of fat in the abdominal region. Emerging data show that surges in glucose levels after a meal (postprandial glucose excursions) are more tightly linked to cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and diabetic complications than the traditional clinical measure of glycemic control using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine if daily glycemic variability as measured by CGM is an indicator of total and regional body fat distribution and how CGM compares with HbA1c measurements. Methods: Twenty-seven volunteers participated in the study (Male: 11, Female: 16, Age: 32.15 ± 14.55 years, BMI: 28.43 ± 7.30 kg/m2). Total body and regional fat distribution (android, gynoid, android/gynoid) were determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured from collected blood samples. Glycemic variability was measured by CGM attached to the abdomen. Results: CGM glycemic variability was positively correlated with total body fat% (r= 0.4278; p= 0.0329), android fat% (r= 0.5313; p= 0.0063), and android/gynoid ratio (r= 0.5981; p= 0.0016). HbA1c was only positively correlated with android/ gynoid ratio (r= 0.5534; p= 0.0041). Conclusion: Higher blood glucose variability/fluctuation measured by CGM was associated with greater body fat, android fat, android/gynoid fat ratio, which are indicators of cardiovascular disease risks. Blood glucose fluctuation monitoring should be considered in blood glucose management. This study was funded by The University of Texas, El Paso Dodson Fund and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) - R01DK132430. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Effects of Partial Knockout of Skeletal Muscle Dynamin-Related Protein 1 on Skeletal Muscle Characteristics in Lean and Obese Mice

Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a key regulator of mitochondrial fission and plays an essential role in maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis. Recent studies reported muscle atrophy in mice when skeletal muscle Drp1 content was reduced. However, whether such atrophic phenotype also exists in diet-induced obese mice remains unknown. We recently reported that reducing skeletal muscle Drp1 resulted in improved whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice, but not lean healthy mice, suggesting Drp1 may exert divergent effects on physiological phenotypes under different conditions. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of partial knockout of skeletal muscle-specific heterozygous Drp1 (mDrp1+/−) on body composition, energy expenditure and skeletal muscle physiology in lean and obese mice. HYPOTHESIS: mDrp1+/− exhibits divergent alterations in physiological characteristics between lean healthy and obese mice. Methods: Tamoxifen-inducible mDrp1+/− mouse model was generated. Nine-week-old male and female mDrp1+/− and wildtype (WT) mice (n=6-8/group) were fed with either a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) for four weeks, received tamoxifen injections, and remained on their respective diet for another four to six weeks. A DXA scan was conducted to measure body composition. Mice were housed in Promethion metabolic cages for 48 hours to measure energy expenditure. Isolated soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were used for assessing muscle cross sectional area (CSA) and contractility. Results: HFD-fed mice had significantly higher percentage of body fat ( p = 0.045) and lower respiratory exchange ratio ( p &lt;0.0001) than LFD-fed mice, regardless of genotype. Regarding skeletal muscle characteristics, SOL from mDrp1+/− mice exhibited larger CSA ( p = 0.052) than WT mice, regardless of diet. However, there were no differences in muscle force or fatigue resistance in SOL between groups. In contrast, EDL muscle isolated from mDrp1+/− mice fed with HFD had greater muscle force than WT mice, but interestingly the force was lower in mDrp1+/−/LFD mice than WT/LFD mice (genotype x diet interaction effect, p = 0.001). Consistently, a significant interaction was found in both twitch and tetanic rate of force development and relaxation rates (genotype x diet interaction effect, p = 0.022, p = 0.033, p = 0.040, and p = 0.020, respectively). There was no difference in EDL muscle CSA between groups. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that partial knockout of Drp1 in skeletal muscle induced divergent effects on CSA, force production and fatigability between diet induced obese and lean healthy mice. This study was supported by the National Institute of Health (R15DK131512). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

The association between multiple trajectories of macronutrient intake and the risk of new-onset diabetes in Chinese adults.

The association between macronutrient intake and diabetes is unclear. We used data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey to explore the association between macronutrient intake trajectories and diabetes risk in this study. We included 6755 participants who did not have diabetes at baseline and participated in at least three surveys. The energy supply ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat was further calculated from dietary data; different macronutrient trajectories were determined using multitrajectory models; and multiple Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between these trajectories and diabetes. We found three multitrajectories: decreased low carbohydrate-increased moderate protein-increased high fat (DLC-IMP-IHF), decreased high carbohydrate-moderate protein-increased low fat (DHC-MP-ILF), and balanced-macronutrients (BM). Compared to the BM trajectory, DHC-MP-ILF trajectories were significantly associated with increased risk of diabetes (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.228, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.571-6.632), whereas no association between DLC-IMP-IHF trajectories and diabetes was found in our study (HR: 0.699, 95% CI: 0.351-1.392). The downward trend of high carbohydrate and the increasing trend of low fat increased the risk of diabetes in Chinese adults.

Is the Bioimpedance Method Sufficient in Evaluating the Nutritional Status of Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment?

Aim: The purpose of this study was to test validity of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analysis in the nutritional assessment among patients with receiving hemodialysis. Method: This study which was cross-sectional was conducted with 166 patients with hemodialysis at the hemodialysis units in two state hospital and a private hospital. The data were collected by means of patient information form, Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) and Body Composition Analyzer. Descriptive, t test, Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, Wilcoxon, ROC analysis and logistic regresyon analysis were used in statistical analysis. Results: The average ages of patients were 51.57±13.01 (21-66) years. Of the patients, 53.6% were male. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.4±4.98 kg/m2 of whom (%54.8) were well-nourished. Male patients had higher albumin, muscule mass, and BMI than female patients and these values were statistical difference in according to gender. A significant difference was found to hemoglobin, albümin, iron binding, tanita fat ratio, fat mass, and BMI between the well-nourished and malnourished patients. The findings of logistic regretion analysis among MIS and BIA parameters shown that performance of BIA was statistical significantly. Conclusion: The results of study indicated that bioelectrical impedance analysis was shown to identify the most suitable BIA parameters for predicting presence of malnutrition. It could be suggested that BIA method may use for assess to nutritional status among patients receiving hemodialysis.

Ginseng polysaccharide components attenuate obesity and liver lipid accumulation by regulating fecal microbiota and hepatic lysine degradation

The increasing incidence of obesity has led to widespread attention in the exploration of natural ingredients. Ginseng polysaccharides (PGP), the main components from Panax ginseng, have been reported potential effect to attenuate obesity and regulate lipid metabolism. In this study, we found that PGP inhibited the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain, fat ratio and fat tissue weight after 8-week administration. Serum and liver lipid analysis showed that PGP decreased the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol, which was mediated by the inhibition of key genes for fatty acid and cholesterol metabolisms. Metabolomics studies showed that the inhibitory effect of PGP on liver lipid accumulation was significantly correlated with its regulation of citric acid cycle and lysine degradation. PGP regulated the expression of genes related to lysine degradation in both liver tissue and hepatocytes. In addition, PGP reshaped the composition of fecal microbiota at the genus and species levels in obese mice. Spearman's correlation analysis demonstrated that Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus lentus, and Pseudoflavonifractor sp. An85 may be the potential targets that PGP maintains the abundance of l-lysine against obesity. It concluded that PGP can attenuate obesity and liver lipid accumulation by regulating fecal microbiota and hepatic lysine degradation.

Gastro-educational intervention proposal in the classroom with family recipes: Prevention of cardiovascular risk in adolescent students

Nutritional education is key for disease prevention. This project is based in recovery of traditional family recipes and characterization of ingredients. Therefore, the objective of the study was to elaborate a family recipe, discuss their nutritional value and modify with new ingredients in the context of a healthy diet. The intervention has been carried out in two High School Centers in Elche (Spain). A total of 120 adolescent volunteers (16–19 years of age) participated. Then, students freely prepared recipes at home with their family, indicating ingredients, cooking protocol and taking a picture at the end of the elaboration. Finaly, 54 recipes were selected and analysed according their cholesterol/saturated fat ratio. The hypercholesterolaemic and atherogenic potential was calculated to classify the recipes into three ranges according to cholesterol/saturated fat ratio as high (range: 50–122), medium (18–46) and low (5–12). The intervention proposal intends to inquire about the knowledge that students have about food, gastronomy and health, particularly to their usual diet. The evaluation of knowledge adquisition is made by using a questionnaire available in Kahoot platform and passed at the beginning and at the end of intervention. Through this activity, we intend that students become aware that an unbalanced diet is a bad habit and it can be modified from adolescence, in order to obtain health benefits in the future. The aim is to give information to prevent possible health problems such as cardiovascular disease as working topic of this educational project. In this context, high schools are appropriate environments and teachers are key actors to work on all these aspects.

Foaming Properties and Foam Structure of Milk Determined by Its Protein Content and Protein to Fat Ratio

AbstractMilk proteins, integral to stable foam production, exhibit seasonal and type-dependent variations. Understanding the impact of protein levels with and without fat on foaming properties is essential for selecting suitable milk types and controlling the foaming process. In this study, we employed steam injection and mechanical mixing to assess foamability, foam stability, and foam structure of (1) reconstituted skim milk powder dispersions (1.5–15% solids concentration, corresponding to 0.5–5.0% protein), (2) reconstituted whole milk powder and commercial whole milk dispersions (0.5% protein), and (3) whole milk with added skim milk powder and milk protein concentrate (3.5 and 4% protein) and butter milk powder (0.5 and 1% total solid content). Results reveal that increasing solids concentration from 1.5 to 15% significantly increased lactose content, viscosity, and surface tension. However, these changes did not impact foamability or foam stability, while slightly decreasing air bubble size. At 0.5% protein, skim milk powder dispersions demonstrated higher foam volume (16 times greater) and more stable foam compared to reconstituted whole milk powder and whole milk dispersions, despite similar foam structure and appearance. These findings emphasize the substantial influence of the protein/fat ratio on milk’s foaming properties. Additionally, the addition of skim milk powder, milk protein concentrate, or butter milk powder at the investigated content did not affect the foaming properties of whole milk.

Effects of Exercise Intervention on Aerobic Capacity and Metabolic Indexes of Obese Adolescents from the Perspective of Computer Application

The effects of 4-week aerobic training prescription intervention on aerobic capacity, body composition, blood lipid and C-reactive protein (CRP) in obese adolescents were analyzed by digital technology and computer software. The subjects were obese patients, aged 13-18 years old, 40 adolescents with body fat ratio &gt;30%, including 20 males and 20 females. Body shape, fasting blood glucose, blood lipid, blood insulin and serum hs-CRP were measured before and after the intervention, and the data were divided by statistical analysis. Conclusion: Abdominal fat accumulation in obese adolescents is excessive, serum hs-CRP level is increased, waist circumference is significantly correlated with hs-CRP level, lipid metabolism disorders (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C) and insulin resistance are closely related to the increase of hs-CRP level, which may be a comprehensive risk factor for cardiovascular and other pathological changes in obese patients. 4 weeks of aerobic exercise can effectively reduce the body fat percentage of obese adolescents, improve waist circumference and hip circumference, improve lipid metabolism, significantly reduce the fasting insulin and hs-CRP levels of obese adolescents, and will play a positive role in preventing and reducing the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases in obese adolescents.