Body Fat Rate Research Articles

A study on the effects of health behavior and sports participation on female college students' body mass index and healthy promoting lifestyle.

Life form and body composition may affect the health of college students. This study will explore the relationship between the demographic variables of female college students and their body composition and health promoting lifestyle, so as to provide useful reference for the future design and planning of college students' physical and mental health courses and improving their physical activity level. Using the method of questionnaire and bioelectrical resistance measurement, a questionnaire on healthy lifestyle of college students was constructed on the basis of consulting a large number of relevant research literature. Relevant survey samples were obtained through random sampling, and their body composition was measured; use SPSS21.0 statistical analysis software to conduct statistical analysis on relevant indicators. (1) at present, female college students generally lack leisure activities and sleep, the proportion of regular fitness habits is low, and the number of snacks and average daily online time are generally too high; The overweight rate and body fat rate of female college students are generally too high, while the standard rate of muscle weight is generally too low. (2) Female college students' health promoting lifestyle has the highest score of self-realization, followed by interpersonal support and the worst behavior of sports participation; The older the college students, the worse their sports participation and overall health promotion behavior; The better the Conscious health status, the better the self-realization, exercise participation and nutritional behavior; The more exercise time per day, the higher their participation in sports and the stronger their health responsibility; The more time spent on the Internet every day, the worse the health responsibility and sports participation. (3) The more time female college students spend on the Internet every day, the higher the probability of overweight. Those with regular exercise habits have a lower proportion of overweight and high body fat rate, while the better their sleep and night snack behavior, the lower their body fat rate. The older college students are, the larger their visceral fat area is, the better their exercise habits and sleep behavior are, the smaller their visceral fat area is, and the lower their visceral fat level is.

RESULTADOS DO EXERCÍCIO CONTÍNUO COM INTENSIDADE MODERADA SOBRE A TAXA DE GORDURA E SOBRE O CONSUMO MÁXIMO DE OXIGÊNIO EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Declining physical quality, health status, and being overweight cause many college students to have physical problems. Continuous moderate-intensity exercise has become a widely used exercise method for many healthy people. Objective: Explore the outcome of continuous moderate-intensity exercise on college students' body fat rate and maximal oxygen uptake. Methods: The experiment will last for eight weeks. The control group did not practice other systematized exercises except daily physical activity and extracurricular sports. In addition to daily activities, the experimental group also performed moderate-intensity training in physical education classes. Results: In the training group, the average body fat rate decreased by 1.66%, the body fat content reduced by 1.21kg, and the skeletal muscle content increased by 1.44 compared to that before training. Vital capacity and maximal ventilatory capacity showed significant changes (P<0.05), of which maximal ventilatory capacity changed most significantly (P<0.01), from 79.63 ± 19.97L/min before the test to 98.65 ± 26.06L/min, with an average gain of 19.02L/min. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity continuous sports can effectively improve the cardiorespiratory function of current college students, increase body oxygen uptake, reduce body fat rate, and improve physical fitness, aiming to achieve a healthier physique. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

VARIAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE CORPORAL EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS SOB TREINAMENTO DE RESISTÊNCIA

ABSTRACT Introduction: Recent research on the probability of increasing physical injuries during physical activities revealed that resistance training can improve physical performance of college students, prevent sports injuries and reduce the body fat rate of its practitioners. Objective: Analyze the effects of resistance training on the body index of university students. Methods: One hundred female college students were selected as experimenters to ensure normal activities for 16 weeks. The experimenter performed resistance training for 16 weeks, three times a week on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, with three cycles each time. Results: After 16 weeks of experimental intervention, the average chest circumference, average waist circumference, average hip circumference, and average leg circumference of the experimental group were 83.27cm, 63.1cm, 89.95cm, 54.6cm, and 24.02%, respectively. After the experiment, the average back muscle strength of the experimental group increased by 5.11kg, and the average basal metabolism increased from 1204.4 kcal to 1260.59 kcal. Conclusion: Resistance training and aerobic exercise have the most significant effect on body fat rate. Resistance training can control the decline of body fat rate in college students to improve their physical quality. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

EFEITOS DO EXERCÍCIO AERÓBICO NA MORFOLOGIA CORPORAL DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS OBESOS

ABSTRACT Introduction The problem of obesity is relevant to the current social development model. In addition to the eminent physical health risks, obese university students also experience greater resistance to social development. Obese students participating in the national weight loss fitness program can perceive the benefits of aerobic exercise. Objective Explore the effect of aerobic exercise on body morphology in obese university students. Methods 60 obese university students were selected as study subjects and divided equally into a control and experimental group. The control group received no intervention, while the experimental group performed a battery of aerobic exercises of 60 minutes daily, four times a week for six weeks. Data before and after the experiment were compared. BMI, body fat rate, blood lipid monitoring, and blood glucose were also taken as body component monitoring indexes, and circumference measurements and proportions were taken as external body monitoring indexes. Results Aerobic exercise can effectively reduce the body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat rate, and body circumference of college students, decrease body weight, make the body shape more symmetrical, and also improve lipid and glycemic components, thus reducing the complications caused by obesity. Conclusion University professors should perform aerobic training for university students to improve their physical fitness, regulate their physical function, and improve their physical appearance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Modeling of the Rating of Perceived Exertion Based on Heart Rate Using Machine Learning Methods.

Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) can serve as a more convenient and economical alternative to heart rate (HR) for exercise intensity control. This study aims to explore the influence of factors, such as indicators of demographic, anthropometric, body composition, cardiovascular function and basic exercise ability on the relationship between HR and RPE, and to develop the model predicting RPE from HR. 48 healthy participants were recruited to perform an incrementally 6-stage pedaling test. HR and RPE were collected during each stage. The influencing factors were identified with the forward selection method to train Gaussian Process regression (GPR), support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression models. Metrics of R2, adjusted R2 and RMSE were calculated to evaluate the performance of the models. The GPR model outperformed the SVM and linear regression models, and achieved an R2 of 0.95, adjusted R2 of 0.89 and RMSE of 0.52. Indicators of age, resting heart rate (RHR), Central arterial pressure (CAP), body fat rate (BFR) and body mass index (BMI) were identified as factors that best predicted the relationship between RPE and HR. It is possible to use GPR model to estimate RPE from HR accurately, after adjusting for age, RHR, CAP, BFR and BMI.

ANÁLISE NA RECUPERAÇÃO DA FADIGA MUSCULAR EM ESQUIADORES: INTERVENÇÃO NUTRICIONAL

ABSTRACT Introduction: Skiing is a sport that demands the high performance of motor coordination with high energy consumption, factors that strongly influence muscle fatigue. Athletes who experience this phenomenon tend to present a decline in performance, generating psychological irritability and impairment in concentration. Diet is closely related to athletic performance, but the proper prescription for skiing athletes still lacks studies. Objective: To explore the methods of recovery from sports fatigue in skiers by providing up-to-date perspectives for effective nutritional intervention during the recovery stage. Methods: Seven young male skiers were selected as research subjects, and caloric intake, among other conditions, was recorded in detail. After three weeks, indices of body weight, body fat rate, serum metabolism, cardiopulmonary capacity, and energy metabolism, among other relevant information, were duly recorded and compared. Results: The intervention did not significantly impact lean body mass indices (p>0.05). The athletes’ body weight decreased significantly, and the body fat rate decreased significantly after the nutritional intervention; The analyzed biomarkers were positively impacted, except the urea nitrogen concentration that showed a tendency to increase after the nutritional intervention, an effect that may be linked to the proportional increase of protein intake. Conclusion: The proposed nutritional intervention positively impacted the skiers’ energy metabolism, directly impacting the athletes’ recovery from sports fatigue. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

EFEITO DA PRESCRIÇÃO DE EXERCÍCIOS DE EMAGRECIMENTO NA SAÚDE FÍSICA DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIAS OBESAS

ABSTRACT Introduction The discussion about the impact on the physical and mental health of obese college students is a current issue. The implementation of “weight loss exercise prescription” seeks to discuss weight loss techniques and their effects, problems most faced by obese girls. Objective Explore the effect of sports intervention on the physical and mental health of obese female students. Methods 20 female college students with simple obesity were selected for an 18-week intervention experiment of fitness exercise associated with long-distance running. The physical and mental health of the volunteers was measured before and after the experiment for statistical analysis. Results After 18 weeks of exercise, it was observed that interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and SCL-90 scores decreased significantly, indicating that the implementation of the exercise prescription had a positive impact on the mental health of obese girls. Across the study, compared to a single exercise method, associated aerobic exercise had a significant effect on improving BMI indicators, body weight, and body fat rate in obese adolescent girls. Conclusion By prescribing exercise for weight loss, one can significantly improve the cardiopulmonary function of obese college students and promote physical health, manifesting in the indices of vital capacity and cardiopulmonary function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

EFEITOS DO TREINAMENTO DE FUTEBOL ESCOLAR SOBRE A SAÚDE E A APTIDÃO FÍSICA DE CRIANÇAS OBESAS

ABSTRACT Introduction Based on the representative data reflecting the level of physical development and athletic quality, such as the “National Physical Health Test for Students”, it is shown that the physical health status of adolescents and children in China is decreasing annually, and the trend of obesity is gradually increasing. Objective Analyze and study the effect of training on the physical fitness of obese children aged 12 to 14 through school soccer training. Methods The effect of school soccer training on the health and physical fitness of obese children aged 12-14 years was studied, and conclusions were drawn by the literature method, experimental method, mathematical statistical method, and logical analysis method. Forty-eight screened obese children were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups, 24 in each group. The experimental group underwent 12 weeks of soccer training, and the control group underwent 12 weeks of no training control. The subjects’ body composition and flexibility quality indices were measured post-intervention. Results The visceral fat index, body fat rate, and muscle rate of boys and girls progressed expressively, with a significant difference (P <0.05). Muscle weight is also known as lean body weight, with an expressive increase in muscle tone. In comparison, the increase in fat weight and muscle ratio in boys was expressively higher than in girls. Conclusion Regular long-term school soccer training can increase mobility in obese children, increase physical flexibility, and help promote physical health and prevent injury. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Adolescent male soccer players have higher growth rates and risk of injury is associated with biological maturity.

The objective of this study was to ascertain disparities in growth and maturation between male adolescents engaged in soccer and their non-athletic counterparts, as well as to examine the injury features specific to young soccer players. A total of 206 soccer players between the ages of 11-16 years, and 208 non-athletic peers were enrolled. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), annual growth rate, and skeletal age evaluated using a left handwrist x-ray were determined. Biological and sexual maturation were evaluated using skinfold thickness, body composition, and Tanner stages. The game positions, initial age for playing soccer, the number of games per/ week, the number of sports injuries, date of injury, duration for return to activity, the site, nature, mechanism, and rate of injury were recorded for soccer players. Using an injury card, the characteristics of soccer player injuries were recorded. The mean age of the participants was 13.6 ± 1.5 years. There was no difference in the growth rates between the groups at the ages of 11.0, 12.0, and 15.0 but at the ages of 13.0 and 14.0 years growth rates were higher in the soccer group. The soccer players were taller than the controls. For all Tanner stages, soccer players had a lower BMI and total body fat percentage, as well as a faster growth rate. Injuries occurred at a rate of 39.3% per year among soccer players. The most common being toe injuries, and playing soccer increased the risk of multiple injuries. Additionally, injuries occurred more frequently in soccer players who were taller, heavier, with higher total body fat and/or higher growth rate, and most commonly occurred during Tanner stage 4. Futhermore, Tanner stage 4 had a higher incidence of two or more injuries than the other stages. Adolescent male soccer players have higher growth rates than their non-athletic peers, and their biological maturity status is associated with an increased risk of injury.

ESTUDO EXPERIMENTAL SOBRE OS EFEITOS DA IOGA NA APTIDÃO FÍSICA EM ADOLESCENTES

ABSTRACT Introduction Yoga originated in the Indus River basin, is an ancient technique involving physical skills or static aerobic exercise. Objective Test and analyze the changes in physical fitness of adolescents submitted to yoga experiment. Methods Experimental method, literature review, mathematical statistics and other research methods were used in making this paper. 30 freshmen in primary education at Yancheng Normal University were selected for a 12-week yoga teaching training to explore the impact of yoga on health and physical fitness of ordinary college students. Results Body fat rate and fat mass index decreased, lung volume increased significantly, and physical fitness increased significantly. Conclusion After 12 weeks of yoga exercises, the body composition of the tested college students improved significantly, increasing both flexibility and physical fitness. Notable changes were also seen in balance and responsiveness, revealing an intrinsic improvement in the students’ skeletal muscles. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

AS DIFERENÇAS ENTRE OS MODOS MODERNOS DE TREINAMENTO DE BIATLO NOS JOGOS OLÍMPICOS DE INVERNO

ABSTRACT Introduction The biathlon is a snow sport that combines cross-country skiing and shooting, originating in Scandinavia. It requires athletes to not only have the ability to glide quickly over long distances but also to have the ability to shoot quickly and accurately. There is little research on biathlon characteristics and analysis of influencing factors and training strategies in China. Objective This study analyzes modern biathlon athletes’ specific explosive power, endurance and training effects at the Winter Olympics. Methods Twenty biathlon athletes were selected as research volunteers. Physiological and biochemical indicators of the athletes were experimentally tested after training. Results There was a correlation between maximum speed and the height of the athletes’ double stand test (SD) (p < 0.05). The heavier athletes skied relatively faster. However, the excessive body fat rate is not conducive to maintaining high-intensity skiing in the long term. The athletes’ VO2max was closely related to their skiing performance and shot hit percentage (p < 0.05). Conclusion Maintaining gun ski training can positively improve the competitive level of world-class biathletes. The athlete's muscles have a solid ability to generate high mechanical power in a short time. It is beneficial to take advantage of a favorable position after the start of the competition. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

IMPACTOS DO TREINAMENTO DE COORDENAÇÃO FÍSICA SOBRE A VELOCIDADE NA PATINAÇÃO DE VELOCIDADE EM PISTA CURTA

ABSTRACT Introduction Although the development time of short-track speed skating in China is relatively short, with the joint efforts of many athletes and coaches, the special technical level can be comparable with that of European and American countries. Objective Verify the impacts of physical coordination training on speed in short track speed skating. Methods Athletes from the provincial skating team were randomly selected and distributed into control and experimental groups to apply the training method on physical coordination in short track speed skating. Results The average body fat rate of the skaters in the control group was 15.24%, the average body fat rate in the control group was 15.20%, and the T value of the experimental group and control group was 1.00, P = 0.374 < 0.05. Conclusion Because they are special equipment, the turn resistance training device and the air resistance parachute played an important role in improving the special fitness of Chinese short track speed skaters. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

EFEITOS DA PRÁTICA DE CROSSFIT SOBRE O DESEMPENHO DE ATLETAS DE BASQUETEBOL

ABSTRACT Introduction: The strength training and conditioning program known as CrossFit has demonstrated a great capacity for optimization in cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance, strength, flexibility, power, speed, coordination, agility, balance, and precision. It is believed that basketball athletes may derive benefits from their practice. Objective: Explore the effects of CrossFit practice on the sport performance of basketball athletes. Methods: Sixteen athletes were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group performed adapted CrossFit-based training, while the control group remained with traditional training. The indices relevant to the study were captured before and after the intervention, statistically analyzed, and discussed considering the current literature. Results: The average body fat rate of the experimental group was reduced from 22.33% to 17.68%, the average vital capacity increased from 6210.08 ml to 6270.44 ml; the average time of the 3000 m run was accelerated from 14.00 min to 12.50 min, and the average horizontal pull force value was increased from 63.02 kg to 79.84 kg; and the average ball hit rate in one minute increased from 31.06% to 40.17%. Conclusion: The application of CrossFit-based training was shown to effectively improve the physical level, fitness, and sports performance of basketball players, and can be applied to everyday training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Effects of Aerobic-Anaerobic Exercise on Social Avoidance, Positive and Negative Affects, and Self-Consciousness of Obese Women.

We aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic-anaerobic exercise on social avoidance, positive and negative emotions, and self-awareness in obese women as well as provide some basis for guiding them to increase their physical exercise and promote physical and mental health. Sixty obese women (body mass index≥23 kg/m2) who volunteered to participate in the experiment were selected in Tianjin, China in 2022, and divided into control group and observation group with 30 people in each group. The control group received normal physical training, whereas the observation group received a uniform diet and an aerobic-anaerobic exercise intervention based on normal physical training that lasted for 12 weeks. The changes in the two groups before and after the intervention were compared. After intervention, the body fat rate and fat weight of obese women in the observation group were significantly decreased, the lean body weight and muscle weight were significantly increased, and the improvement of body composition index was better than those in the control group was (P<0.05). The obese women in the observation group showed lower scores in negative affect and higher scores in positive affect (P<0.05). The obese women in the observation group showed higher scores in comfort, health assessment, satisfaction of body parts, overweight, gregariousness, anxiety, physical appearance and properties, intelligence, school situation, and behavior, while the observation group received lower scores in social avoidance and social distress. Aerobic-anaerobic exercise has a better role in strengthening the physical exercise and physical and mental development of obese women.

Effects of a 12-Week Pilates Program on Functional Physical Fitness and Basal Metabolic Rate in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: The aging society worldwide carries public and inevitable issues. Aging is accompanied by multiple diseases, and the health impacts challenge healthcare and social systems. In addition to medical treatment, exercise has been recognized as an effective strategy not only for disease prevention and alleviation, but also for multiple health benefits on health promotion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a suitable Pilates exercise intervention program on health maintenance and benefits in community-dwelling middle-aged women with a quasi-experimental design. Methods: We recruited healthy middle-aged community-dwelling women who had not regularly exercised in the previous three months. The participants were assigned to the experimental (n = 22) and control (n = 23) groups based on a quasi-experimental design. The experimental group participated in a mat-based Pilates exercise class twice a week (1 h/session) throughout the 12-week intervention, whereas there was no intervention for the control group. Body composition, basal metabolic rate, and functional physical fitness—comprising cardiovascular capacity, flexibility, muscular strength of upper limbs, muscular strength of lower limbs, core strength, agility, static balance, and dynamic balance—were assessed as primary outcomes in both groups before and after the intervention. Results: There were no significant differences in any of the dependent variables between the two groups before the exercise intervention. After the 12-week intervention, body composition, including body mass index, body fat (−1.5 to 3%), and basal metabolic rate (+10.6%), and functional fitness, including flexibility (+3.5%), core strength (+31.5%), lower-limb strength (+13.5%), agility (+7.3%), and balance (+4.2%), improved significantly in the experimental group relative to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the improvement in physical fitness in lower-limb strength, agility, and balance for fall prevention also demonstrated higher clinical significance than the control. Conclusions: This 12-week mat-based Pilates exercise program significantly improved body composition, basal metabolic rate, and functional physical fitness in community-dwelling middle-aged women. The beneficial effects of Pilates exercise programs may thus promote improved health in the middle-aged female population, with practical implications for communities.

Clinical observation on acupuncture for 80 patients with abdominal obesity in Germany: based on the theory of unblocking and regulating the Belt Vessel

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of unblocking and regulating the Belt Vessel acupuncture method for patients with abdominal obesity in Germany and its influence on the body fat parameters and glycolipids metabolism.MethodsA total of 82 cases of abdominal obesity in Germany were selected. There were two dropout cases in the treatment process. All of the patients received acupuncture at Daimai (GB26), Daheng (SP15), Tianshu (ST25), Zhongwan (CV12), Shuidao (ST28), Waiguan (TE5), and Zulinqi (GB41). The patients received acupuncture therapy once every 2–3 d, 3 times a week. The treatment duration lasted 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the body mass (BM), waist circumference (WC), abdominal circumference (AC), hip circumference (HC), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting blood glucose (GLU) were measured respectively, and the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body fat rate (BFR) were calculated.ResultsAfter treatment, the total effective rate was 72.5%; the levels of BM, WC, AC, HC, BMI, WHR, WHtR, BFR, TC, LDL-C, and GLU declined significantly compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), while the TG and HDL-C slightly declined, but the differences were statistically insignificant (P>0.05).ConclusionThe unblocking and regulating the Belt Vessel acupuncture method can significantly reduce body fat parameters such as BM, AC, and BFR, and correct the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with abdominal obesity in Germany.

생활체육센터 프로그램이 참가자의 신체조성 및 혈중 코티졸 농도에 미치는 영향

This study has been undertaken regarding the influence of the living sports center program on the body build up and blood cortisol density of participants. For data processing, Subjects for the study were residents in B city P center members with a total of 12 persons (6 persons for exercise group and 7 persons for control group). SPSS 21.0 statistics was used to calculate the mean (M) and standard deviation (SD), and the analysis is made for each group and period, verification of difference for group and period. The noticeable level (α) on all statistics figures is set for .05. The frequency and period of exercise was implemented 4 times a week with 50 minutes (10 minutes of preparatory exercise, 40 minutes of main exercise and 10 minutes of wrap-up exercise) per session for a total of 8 weeks and the exercise intensity was 40~50% HRR in 1~4 weeks and 51~60% HRR in 5~8 weeks. Under this study outcome, the body fat rate showed noticeable difference in period and group, and the difference was not shown in period and group. The bodily fat volume showed noticeable difference in period, and group, period and group did not show noticeable difference. The cortisol showed noticeable difference in period, period and group and noticeable difference was now shown in group.

P-019 BIOELECTRIC IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE RISK FACTORS FOR INGUINAL HERNIA

Abstract Aim To search the risk factors for inguinal hernia development by performing bioelectrical impedance analysis. Material &amp; Methods Prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study. Patients with inguinal hernias constitues the study group (IH), and patients who admitted with other surgical problems in the control group (SC). Age, gender, and BMI of the patients were recorded. Body composition measurements were done by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The relations between the obtained parameters and inguinal hernia were evaluated. Results 9 female and 125 male patients with a mean age of 53.4± 15.4 in IH, whereas 44 women and 24 men with a mean age of 44.5±15.9 in (SC). There were statistically significant differences between two groups regarding BMI, total body fat, lean abdominal muscle mass, abdominal fat amount, and visceral fat rates. Male gender, low total body fat rate, low total body fat amount, low lean body mass rate, and low visceral fat rate were determined as risk factors for inguinal hernia in univariate analysis. Only low total body fat rate was found to be an independent risk factor. Conclusions Low total body fat rate is an independent risk factor for inguinal hernia development.

Associations of polygenic risks, depression, and obesity-related traits in Taiwan Biobank

BackgroundThe comorbidity of obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD) may be attributable to a bidirectional relationship and shared genetic influence. We aimed to examine the polygenic associations between obesity and MDD and to characterize their corresponding impacts on the obesity mechanism. MethodsGenome-wide genotyping was available in 106,604 unrelated individuals from Taiwan Biobank. Polygenic risk score (PRS) for body mass index (BMI) and MDD was derived to evaluate their effects on obesity-related traits. Stratified analyses were performed for the modified effect of depression on the polygenic associations. ResultsThe MDD PRS was positively associated with waistline (beta in per SD increase in PRS = 0.12), hipline (beta = 0.08), waist-hip ratio (WHR) (beta = 0.05), body fat rate (beta = 0.08), BMI (beta = 0.05), overweight (OR = 1.02 for BMI ≥ 25), and obesity (OR = 1.05 for BMI ≥ 30). For the synergism between depression and BMI PRS, the presence of active depression symptoms defined by the PHQ-4 (p for interaction < 0.05 for waistline, WHR, and BMI) was more salient than lifetime MDD. LimitationsLimitations include recall bias for MDD due to a retrospective self-reporting questionnaire, a low response rate of the PHQ-4 for evaluating active psychological symptoms, and limited generalizability to non-Taiwanese ancestries. ConclusionsThe shared genetic etiology of obesity and depression was demonstrated. The amplified effect of BMI polygenic effect on obesity for individuals with active depressive symptoms was also characterized. The study may be helpful for designing public health interventions to reduce the disease burden caused by obesity and depression.

Diet and exercise interventions reduce serum asprosin and the corresponding hypothalamic– pituitary–gonad-axis dysfunction in obese men

Background: Asprosin (ASP) is a recently discovered adipocyte factor that participates in glucose metabolism and inflammatory reactions. Recent findings suggest that it may be involved in the regulation of sex hormone secretion in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, but no studies have been reported in related populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in serum ASP levels in healthy men and obese men, as well as before and after exercise weight loss, and to investigate male hypogonadism, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, and relationships induced by ASP and obesity. Methods: Thirty-eight young male volunteers were recruited and divided into a normal group (n = 20) and an obese group (n = 18) according to their body mass index. Fourteen of the obese men underwent a 14-week exercise and diet intervention (first 8 weeks of aerobic exercise at 60%–70% HRmax for 30–50 min/4 days a week). Beginning at week 9, the intensity was increased to 75% HRmax. Participants in the obese groups maintained a calorie-restricted diet throughout the study period. Results: Serum ASP levels in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group, and serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRh), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) levels were decreased. After 14 weeks of exercise and diet intervention, serum ASP decreased significantly, the levels of body weight, lean body weight, body fat rate, fasting insulin (FINS), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β decreased significantly, and the serum GnRH, LH, and T levels increased significantly. ASP was positively correlated with body weight, body fat percentage, FINS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β and negatively correlated with relative lean body weight and serum LH and T levels. Conclusion: The serum ASP levels were increased in obese men compared with those of normal weight individuals, resulting in a chronic inflammatory reaction, high serum insulin, and HPG axis injury. Fourteen weeks of exercise and diet intervention effectively alleviated this phenomenon. It has been speculated that ASP might regulate male reproductive function by regulating the inflammatory response and insulin sensitivity.