Body Fat Parameters Research Articles

Body Mass Index, waist circumference or sagittal abdominal diameter: Which parameter is better correlated with body fat changes in postmenopausal women after combined training protocol?

We aimed to verify whether exercise-induced changes in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) are correlated with changes in body fat (BF) in postmenopausal women. Seventeen postmenopausal women performed combined training three times a week, for 12 weeks. Correlations of delta (Δ) BMI, Δ WC, and Δ SAD with Δ total BF, Δ android and Δ gynoid fats were performed. Weight, BMI and android fat decreased over time. A tendency of reductions in gynoid fat was found (p=0.070). Delta BMI was positively correlated with Δ total BF (r=0.56; p<0.05), Δ android fat (r=0.64; p<0.05), and Δ gynoid fat (r=0.72; p<0.05). The Δ WC was only correlated with Δ gynoid fat (r=0.55; p<0.05). The Δ SAD was not correlated with all the Δ body fat parameters evaluated. We conclude that changes in BMI were better associated with body fat changes induced by combined training when compared to WC and SAD in postmenopausal women. The patients were part of a 12-week training study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03200639).

Percentiles for body composition parameters based on computed tomography in patients with endometrial cancer.

The aim of this study was to provide the percentiles of distribution of body composition parameters according to cancer staging and body mass index (BMI) stratum, as well as to identify the contribution of age, BMI, and cancer staging in the variation of the different parameters of body composition in a population of patients with endometrial cancer. We enrolled 545 patients who had pretreatment computed tomography images, which were used to assess total skeletal muscle (SM); low- and high-radiodensity SM; visceral, subcutaneous, and intramuscular adipose tissue; and mean skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD). All the body composition parameters were normalized by the square of the stature. They were then presented on average and at the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles. The correlation of these parameters with age, BMI, and cancer stage was tested, and then a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. P ≤ 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. BMI was associated with body fat parameters and low-radiodensity SM index; cancer stage was associated with SM index, mean SMD, and high-radiodensity SM index. This study provides age, stage, and BMI specific percentiles for body composition parameters, which allowed an in-depth interpretation of how such body compartments, especially the low/high SM sub-ranges, varies according to these stratification variables.

The Use of SenseWear Armband for Assessment of Daily Energy Expenditure and the Relation to Body Fat Distribution and Nutritional Intake in Lean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Objective To evaluate nutritional intake, energy expenditure, and segmental body composition in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compare them with age- and body mass index- (BMI-) matched control women. Methods 32 nonobese patients with PCOS and 31 age- and BMI-matched healthy women were included in the study. Energy expenditure and physical activity level were assessed by metabolic Holter equipment (SenseWear Armband, SWA) which was never previously used in lean PCOS population. Food intake is recorded with 24 hours of food record. Segmental body composition analysis was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA). Results Mean BMI was 22.64 ± 3.64 and 21.55 ± 2.77 kg/m2 (p=0.185) in PCOS and control groups, respectively. Mean age was 22.03 ± 4.21 and 21.71 ± 2.67 year (p=0.720), respectively. No significant differences were found in total energy intake and percentage of carbohydrates, fats, and other micronutrients (p > 0.05). Energy percentage of proteins (%12.73 ± 1.98, p=0.008) was statistically lower in subjects versus the control group. The measurements of physical activity duration (PAD) (1.40 ± 0.87/2.18 ± 0.99 hours, p=0.002), active energy expenditure (372.35 ± 198.32/494.10 ± 186.50 kcal, p=0.018), and step counting (9370.03 ± 3587.49/11730.90 ± 3564.31 steps, p=0.013) measurement of the PCOS group were lower than the control group, respectively. Conclusions New diagnosed women with PCOS had similar distribution and quantity of body fat parameters and nutritional status when compared to healthy women. Control subjects were found more active in energy expenditure.

Altered Body Composition and Increased Resting Metabolic Rate Associated with the Postural Instability/Gait Difficulty Parkinson's Disease Subtype.

Background Weight loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is a common but poorly understood manifestation. Several studies have reported that weight changes could be related to motor symptoms, drug side effects, dysphagia, depression, and/or dementia. Weight loss in PD is not a benign phenomenon and it has several clinical and prognostic implications with increased morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is crucial to determine nutritional changes in PD patients in order to prevent malnutrition and improve their quality of life. Objective To compare body composition and resting metabolic rates between PD patients and controls. Methods A total of 64 PD patients and 52 controls were studied. The Hoehn-Yahr scale was used to determine the disease stage, clinical and epidemiological data were recorded from verbal questionnaire, Inbody S10® was used to collect corporal parameters, and FitMate system was used to assess the resting metabolic rate. Results No significant differences were found between both experimental groups in age, gender, height, cholesterol levels, and the presence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypo/hyperthyroidism. However, the PD group showed lower body fat mass, whole-body fat percentage, and greater resting metabolic rate compared to controls (p < 0.05), with no significant differences in musculoskeletal mass. Parkinson's disease postural instability/gait difficulty (PD-PIGD) subtype showed lower body fat parameters, increased fat-free mass, and higher resting metabolic rates. Conclusions These results suggest that PD patients present an increased resting metabolic rate associated with the postural instability/gait difficulty PD subtype, allowing a selective decrease of body fat mass and not musculoskeletal mass. Of note, several disease-related factors may contribute to this weight loss in PD patients, being a complex and multifactorial consequence. Our findings could likely be one of the many contributing factors. However, present findings may further add to our understanding of the phenomenon of weight loss in patients with PD.

Statistical analysis of fat and muscle mass in osteoporosis in elderly population using total body DXA scans.

The magnitude of effects of lean mass and fat mass on bone health is controversial, and this study is a contribution to understand its effects on skeletal composition. We explored the relationship of body fat and muscle parameters with bone mineral density (BMD) and age and observed if it changed when matched with body mass index (BMI) of the same study subjects. One-hundred sixty-four community dwelling, ambulatory elderly attending the osteoporosis services of a Dublin hospital was recruited. Out of these, 158 female patients had a total body DXA scan, and their body composition outcomes were included in this analysis. The relationship between body fat and muscle composition and BMD at all sites was determined and also matched by BMI. Total-Body BMD had a strong positive correlation with lean mass(r= 0.492, p 0.00) and fat mass(r= 0.414, p 0.00), though lean mass remained the strongest predictor of BMD at all sites. Increasing BMI categorically had a positive effect on both lean mass and fat mass. Increasing age was significantly associated with an increase in fat mass(r= 2.40, p 0.00) and a decrease in muscle mass(r= 0.478, p 0.01). Both lean mass and fat mass are significant predictors of BMD. To preserve BMD maintenance or increase of lean mass is more effective than fat mass. BMI correlates well with body composition; however, we recommend the use of direct measures of body fat and muscle to make this relation more interpretable. Total Body DXA is a readily available diagnostic tool which provides high-valued information about body composition.

Konsumsi zat gizi dan parameter lemak tubuh pada wanita umur lebih dari 40 tahun

Food intake and body fat parameter among women older than 40 years old in DenpasarBackground: The prevalence of obesity in Indonesia tends to increase, particularly among women older than 40 years old.Objective: This study aimed to identify the associations between nutrient consumption and parameters of body fat among women in Denpasar.Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The population was women aged older than 40 years old in Denpasar with sampled population were members Dharma Wanita PDAM Kota Denpasar. Eighty out of 200 women were selected through systematic random sampling method. Variables collected in this study included women’s characteristics, nutrient consumption, and body fat parameters: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist to hip ratio (WHR). Analysis of the relationship between nutrient consumption and body fat parameters using the Spearman Rank correlation.Results: This study found that the majority aged 41-50 years (83.8%), were Balinese (95.0%), have married (98.8%), did not use contraception (65.0%), completed higher education (63.8%), worked in informal sector (60.0%), had low income (65.0%), had no history of obesity (80.0%) and no family with degenerative diseases (73.8%). Based on the body fat parameters, most of the women were obese based on BMI (52.5%), WC (70.0%), and WHR (57.5%) categories. There was a significant association between fiber consumption and waist circumference (p=0.021).Conclusions: There was an association between fiber consumption and waist circumference, thus having a balanced and varied diet is recommended to prevent obesity and reduce risk factors for degenerative diseases.

Comparison between body composition parameters and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy by using pre-treatment PET CT in locally advanced breast cancer

PurposeTo compare the adipose and muscle tissue areas in patients who responded differently to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MethodsOne hundred and eighty six patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy between January 2015- October 2019 and were operated after the treatment were retrospectively included in the study. Pathological results were divided into five groups using the Miller-Payne grading systems. Grade 1 indicating no significant reduction in malignant cells; Grade 2: a minor loss of malignant cells (≤ 30 %); Grade 3: reduction in malignant cells between 30 % and 90 %; Grade 4: disappearance of malignant cells >90 %; Grade 5: no malignant cells identifiable. Pre-treatment PET CT scans were evaluated, and calculation of body composition parameters were performed on a single axial section passing through the L3 vertebrae. Spearman’s correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between SAT, VAT, MT parameters and pathological responses. ResultsThere was no strong correlation between the 5 groups separated according to neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment response and tissue distributions. However, that there was a very low correlation found between superficial adipose tissue and pathological response (r=, 156). ConclusionIn conclusion, our results have provided a very low correlation between SAT and more than 30 % response. More research is required to evaluate the role of the body fat and muscle parameters in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in larger patient populations.

Body fat and lipid parameters of management assistants in a rural area in Sri Lanka

Background Fat in certain body compartments has a significant contribution to dyslipidemia. Objective The objective was to determine the fat distribution in various body compartments among management assistants (clerks: sedentary occupational group), from the Anuradhapura Municipal Council area, Sri Lanka and to estimate their lipid profiles for any correlation with fat distribution. Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study [n=78; males=15(mean age=38(11) years); females=63 (mean age=39(9) years)], weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured using standard WHO methods. Body fat was measured using 8 electrode bio impedance analyzer system (HBF375 Karada Scan, Japan). Lipid profile was estimated using colorimetric assay kit methods. Results According to the BMI, 57% of females were obese and 13% were overweight, and 67% of males were obese and 20% were overweight. Abdominal obesity [WC>90cm males; >80cm females] was present in 73% of males and 81% of females. Based on total BF% (males>25%; females>35%-obese), 73% males and 65% females were obese. Twenty nine percent of females and 73% of males had a high visceral fat percentage (>10%). Among the females, 68%, 17%, 92% and among males, 73%, 27%, 80% had hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridemia and high LDL levels, respectively. Low HDL levels were observed in 47% of males and 68% of females. Conicity index (CI) and body adiposity index (BAI) were at high risk level in 93% of males and 75% of females and 27% of males and 56% of females, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high among the individuals of the study group and a majority were unaware that they were dyslipidemic.

The Effects of a Three Months Exercise on Physical Fitness, Body Composition and Some Blood Parameters in Sedentary Middle Aged Female

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of three months of aerobic exercise on physical fitness, body composition and some blood parameters in sedentary Female. 45 sedentary Female with an average age of 36.11±1.04 years, high of 158.9 ±0.76 cm and weight of 70.83 ±1.67 kg have been selected. Sedentary Females were trained through an aerobic exercises programmed one hour a day for three days a week. The aerobic exercise time was on 12 weeks. Setting-up exercises and training in each training session were arranged in such a way as to make each woman’s heart rate to between a levels of 130-140 beats per minute. Statistical analysis were done with Paired-t test, Variance analysis and Scheffe tests. At the end of the three months exercise programmed, a decrease of %9.06 in body weight, %9.96 in systolic blood pressure, %6.94 in diastolic blood pressure, %12.42 in total cholesterol, %22.44 in Triglyceride, %21.16 in low density lipoprotein and %21.4 in fat content ratio have been registered. However, there were increases of %26.22 in hand grip power, %63.83 in the maximum oxygen transfer, %6.2 in aerobic strength and %16.34 in high density lipoprotein. Even though the three months exercise has produced significant effect to on systolic blood pressure, jumping, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo-B, Triglyceride, Hip circumference at .01 level. On number of heart beats, hand grip power, waist circumference, the maximum oxygen transfer, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo A I and fat contents, diastolic blood pressure and aerobic strength at .05 level. Conclusions: The result of three months low intensity aerobic exercises have shown the fact that such exercises could improve high density lipoprotein cholesterol values and physical fitness. Also by the changes of body fat, Triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol values parameters it reduces body parameters. The risk for cardiovascular problems are reduced on sedentary females. Aerobic exercises programmers may be recommended to reduce hypertension, weight loss, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or metabolic diseases on sedentary females between 130-140 heart rate.

2067-P: Interrelationship between Serum Bone-Derived Factors and Obesity and Visceral Fat Accumulation in Chinese Middle-Aged Men and Women

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the interrelationships between three bone-derived factors [serum osteocalcin (OCN), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels] and body fat content and distribution, in order to reveal the potential endocrine function of bone in the development of obesity. Methods: We recruited 1179 people (aged 59.5 ± 6.2 years) from communities in Shanghai. Serum OCN levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and thus serum FGF-23 and NGAL levels were determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The abdominal fat distribution, including visceral fat area (VFA), was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Visceral obesity was defined as a VFA ≥ 80 cm2. Results: Serum OCN levels were inversely correlated with body fat parameters, while FGF-23 and NGAL were positively correlated (P &amp;lt; 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, waist circumference (W) and VFA had a closer relationship with serum OCN, FGF-23, and NGAL levels than body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (fat%, all P &amp;lt; 0.05). The risk of visceral obesity significantly increased with higher FGF-23 and/or NGAL levels, as well as with reduced OCN levels (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). In addition, serum OCN, FGF-23, and NGAL levels were independently associated with visceral obesity (all P &amp;lt; 0.01). The relationships persisted among subjects with normal glucose tolerance or subjects with hyperglycaemia (both P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Compared to overall adiposity, visceral adiposity was more closely related to serum OCN, FGF-23 and NGAL levels. There was no interaction among the relationship of three bone-derived factors with visceral obesity, which suggested the independent relationship of endocrine function of skeleton with body fat. Disclosure Y. Bao: None. Y. Xu: None. X. Ma: None. X. Pan: None. X. He: None. Y. Xiao: None.

The Effect of a Four-Month Training Program on Body Fat and Pulmonary Parameters of Young Soccer Players

The abstract note available.

Association of serum chemerin and inflammatory factors with type 2 diabetes macroangiopathy and waist-to-stature ratio.

Chemerin is an adipocytokine that participates in glycolipid metabolism; however, its association with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with lower extremity macroangiopathy (T2DM-V) has rarely been reported. This study explored the association of chemerin and inflammatory factors with body fat parameters, glucolipid metabolism, and insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM and T2DM-V. Patients were classified into normal glucose regulation (NGR), T2DM, and T2DM-V groups. Serum chemerin, glucolipid metabolic parameters, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and fasting insulin levels were measured along with HOMA-IR, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-stature ratio (WSR). Serum chemerin, TGF-β, IL-6, and MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in T2DM groups than in NGR group, and BMI, WSR, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2hPG, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), and HOMA-IR were higher in T2DM-V subgroups with moderate or severe lower extremity macroangiopathy than in NGR group, simple T2DM group, and T2DM-V subgroup with mild macroangiopathy. FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, TG, and HOMA-IR were higher in T2DM-V subgroup with severe macroangiopathy than in T2DM-V with moderate macroangiopathy (p < 0.05). In all groups, serum chemerin levels were positively correlated with BMI, WSR, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, fasting insulin, aspartate transaminase, TG, TGF-β, IL-6, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c] (p < 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that 2hPG, HbA1c, and HDL-c were independent predictors of serum chemerin levels (β = -0.768, -0.122, -0.115, and 3.261, respectively; p < 0.01). Collectively, chemerin, factors associated with obesity, pathological and physiological changes in glucolipid metabolism, and inflammatory factors may promote the development of T2DM macroangiopathy.

SUN-135 Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) as a Diagnostic Tool for Familial Partial Lipodystrophy, Dunnigan Variety (FPLD2)

FPLD2 is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities but increased fat deposition in the face, neck and abdomen. Most FPLD2 patients (~75%) have “typical” heterozygous missense LMNA mutations affecting the arginine 482 residue and have severe loss of sc fat from the extremities and develop moderate to severe metabolic complications. Other patients have “atypical” mutations with variable loss of sc fat from the extremities and mild to severe metabolic complications. Since genetic testing is expensive, the diagnosis of FPLD2 is usually missed or delayed. Thus, there exists a need for an objective screening tool which can aid in the diagnosis of FPLD2. Therefore, we determined the predictive value of skinfold thickness measurements and various DEXA-based regional body fat parameters for diagnosis of FPLD2. We compared body fat data of 49 adult females (F) and 5 males (M) with FPLD2 to the sex- and age-matched controls (2,459 F, 3,459 M) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010. Thirty nine patients had “typical” heterozygous p.R482W or p.R482Q LMNA mutation. The other heterozygous LMNA mutations included p.R582S (n = 1), p.R582H (n = 1), p.S583L (n = 3), p.R349W (n = 1), p.R25L (n = 1), p.G523R (n = 2), p.D192V (n = 1), p.L241P (n = 1), p.R62G (n = 2) and p.K515E (n = 2). The mean ± SD age and body mass index of affected F was 42 ± 13.5 y and 25.6 ± 4.5 kg/m2, respectively; and of affected M was 45.4 ± 11.6 y and 29.2 ± 7.0 kg/m2, respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus were present in 74% and 52% of the FPLD2 patients, respectively. Our data revealed that the lower limb fat %, as well as the ratio of lower limb fat %/ truncal fat %, in all affected females were ≤ 1st percentile (%ile) of the controls, except in two patients, one of whom had a p.G523R mutation, and the other had a p.R482Q mutation but had an unusual excess fat accumulation in the medial part of the thighs and knees. All FPLD2 females had triceps skinfold thickness values ≤ 1st %ile of NHANES except in three patients. The subscapular skinfold thickness values in females on the other hand, were between the 5th to 99th %ile of NHANES. Unfortunately, data for thigh skinfold thickness were not available from NHANES. The lower limb fat % in affected males was below 25th %ile of controls. We conclude that DEXA-derived lower limb fat % and the ratio of lower limb fat %/ truncal fat % are the best predictors of FPLD2 diagnosis in females but not in males. Women with values of lower limb fat % (~ 20% or less) and the ratio of lower limb fat %/ truncal fat % (~ 0.85 or less), both of which are below the 1st %ile of NHANES data, should be further evaluated for diagnosis of FPLD2, especially if presenting with metabolic complications.

A Proposed Inflammatory Score of Circulating Cytokines/Adipokines Associated with Resistant Hypertension, but Dependent on Obesity Parameters.

BackgroundThere is evidence that subclinical systemic inflammation is present in resistant hypertension (RHTN).ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to develop an integrated measure of circulating cytokines/adipokines involved in the pathophysiology of RHTN.MethodsRHTN (n = 112) and mild to moderate hypertensive (HTN) subjects (n=112) were studied in a cross-sectional design. Plasma cytokines/adipokines (TNF-alpha, interleukins [IL]-6, -8, -10, leptin and adiponectin) values were divided into tertiles, to which a score ranging from 1 (lowest tertile) to 3 (highest tertile) was assigned. The inflammatory score (IS) of each subject was the sum of each pro-inflammatory cytokine scores from which anti-inflammatory cytokines (adiponectin and IL-10) scores were subtracted. The level of significance accepted was alpha = 0.05.ResultsIS was higher in RHTN subjects compared with HTN subjects [4 (2-6) vs. 3 (2-5); p = 0.02, respectively]. IS positively correlated with body fat parameters, such as body mass index (r = 0.40; p < 0.001), waist circumference (r = 0.30; p < 0.001) and fat mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (r = 0.31; p < 0.001) in all hypertensive subjects. Logistic regression analyses revealed that IS was an independent predictor of RHTN (OR = 1.20; p = 0.02), independent of age, gender and race, although it did not remain significant after adjustment for body fat parameters.ConclusionA state of subclinical inflammation defined by an IS including TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, leptin and adiponectin is associated with obese RHTN. In addition, this score correlates with obesity parameters, independently of hypertensive status. The IS may be used for the evaluation of conditions involving low-grade inflammation, such as obesity-related RHTN. Indeed, it also highlights the strong relationship between obesity and inflammatory process.

Gut Hormone Responses to Mixed Meal Test in New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes After Acute Pancreatitis

The study was aimed to investigate gut hormone responses to mixed meal test in individuals with new-onset prediabetes or diabetes after acute pancreatitis (cases) compared with healthy controls, and the effect of body fat parameters. A total of 29 cases and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants were given standard mixed meal drink and blood samples were collected to measure dipeptidyl peptidase IV, gastric inhibitory peptide, glucagon like peptide-1, insulin, oxyntomodulin, and peptide YY. Body fat parameters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Repeated measures and linear regression analyses were conducted in unadjusted and adjusted models. Gastric inhibitory peptide levels were significantly higher whereas oxyntomodulin levels were significantly lower in cases compared with controls in both the unadjusted (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and adjusted (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) models. In cases, liver fat % contributed up to 13.4% (vs. 2.9% in controls) to variance in circulating levels of gastric inhibitory peptide whereas body mass index - up to 20.8% (vs. 9.9% in controls) in circulating levels of oxyntomodulin. New-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis is characterised by increased levels of gastric inhibitory peptide and decreased levels of oxyntomodulin. Further, liver fat % and body mass index appear to be the body fat parameters that contribute most significantly to gastric inhibitory peptide and oxyntomodulin levels, respectively.

The Comparison of Simple Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters for Predicting Liver Steatosis in Obese Balinese Young Women.

BACKGROUND:The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally. Early identification of liver steatosis (LS) status is critical to prevent the development of NAFLD into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) fibrosis.AIM:This study aimed at exploring the validity of simple anthropometric and biochemical parameters to predict LS in young obese women.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This is a cross-sectional study involving 132 young obese women. We collected the data of measured waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), serum triglyceride (TG), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The lipid accumulation product (LAP) was designed from TG and WC variables. Fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated from TG, BMI, WC, and GGT variables. LS status was measured using ultrasonography assay. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.RESULTS:A positive correlation was found between BMI, WC, TG, GGT, LAP, FLI, and LS (p = 0.001). We found that BMI is a better predictor for LS to WC. Our multiple linear regression analysis revealed that BMI, GGT, and TG could predict 41.4% of LS. The validity (specificity, sensitivity, and odds ratio) of simple body fat parameters in predicting LS were as follows: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (69.6%, 74.4%, and 6.21), WC ≥ 90 cm (67.4%, 70.0%, and 4.28), TG ≥ 100 mg/dL (70.6%, 70.0%, and 5.62) and GGT ≥ 20 μg/L (69.6%, 77.5%, and 7.87), as well as LAP ≥ 30 (82.6%, 70.0%, and 11.1), and FLI ≥ 2.5 (79.3%, 72.5%, and 10.1), significantly.CONCLUSION:Simple anthropometric and biochemical parameters (BMI, WC, and TG, GGT), are appropriately predicting LS as well as LAP, and FLI among obese Balinese young women.

Correlations between serum concentration of three bone-derived factors and obesity and visceral fat accumulation in a cohort of middle aged men and women

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationships between three bone-derived factors [serum osteocalcin (OCN), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels] and body fat content and distribution, in order to reveal the potential endocrine function of bone in the development of obesity.MethodsWe recruited 1179 people (aged 59.5 ± 6.2 years) from communities in Shanghai. Serum OCN levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum FGF23 and NGAL levels were determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The abdominal fat distribution, including visceral fat area (VFA), was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Visceral obesity was defined as a VFA ≥ 80 cm2.ResultsSerum OCN levels were inversely correlated with body fat parameters, while FGF23 and NGAL were positively correlated (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, waist circumference (W) and VFA had a closer relationship with serum OCN, FGF23, and NGAL levels than body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (fat%, all P < 0.05). The risk of visceral obesity significantly increased with higher FGF23 and/or NGAL levels, as well as with reduced OCN levels (all P < 0.05). In addition, serum OCN, FGF23, and NGAL levels were independently associated with visceral obesity (all P < 0.01). The relationships persisted among subjects with normal glucose tolerance or subjects with hyperglycaemia (both P < 0.05).ConclusionsCompared to the indicators of overall adiposity such as BMI or fat%, visceral adiposity indicators (W or VFA) were more closely related to serum OCN, FGF23 and NGAL levels. There was no interaction among the relationship of three bone-derived factors with visceral obesity, which revealed the independent relationship of endocrine function of skeleton with body fat.

Genetic risk score based on fat mass and obesity-associated, transmembrane protein 18 and fibronectin type III domain containing 5 polymorphisms is associated with anthropometric characteristics in South Brazilian children and adolescents

The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased worldwide. Although it is considered a polygenic inheritance disease, little is known about its susceptibility when the additive effect is considered. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the genetic risk score (GRS) based on previously associated obesity polymorphisms (SNP) rs9939609 (fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO)), rs6548238 (transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18)) and rs16835198 (fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5)) could serve as a predictor for anthropometric characteristics in a sample of Brazilian children and adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with 1471 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. BMI, waist circumference (WC) and percentage of body fat and metabolic parameters were verified. In all, three SNP were genotyped by TaqMan™ allelic discrimination. The metabolic and anthropometric parameters were compared between the genotypes, and the unweighted and weighted GRS (GRS and wGRS, respectively) were created to test the additive effect of these genetic polymorphisms on anthropometric parameters. The prevalence of overweight plus obesity was 41 %. Significant associations were identified for FTO rs9939609, TMEM18 rs6548238 and FNDC5 rs16835198 and for GRS and wGRS with anthropometric phenotypes. The higher score of wGRS was associated with obesity (OR: 2·65, 95 % CI 1·40, 5·04, P=0·003) and with greater WC (OR: 2·91, 95 % CI 1·57, 5·40, P=0·001). Our results suggest that these genetic variants contribute to obesity susceptibility in children and adolescents and reinforce the idea that the additive effect may be useful to elucidate the genetic component of obesity.

Visceral fat accumulation is associated with increased plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveAccumulating evidence has shown that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays roles in glucose and fat metabolism. However, the association between plasma S1P levels and fat mass, especially visceral fat mass, remains unknown. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 80 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were recruited to investigate the association of plasma S1P levels with body fat parameters. Visceral (VFA) and subcutaneous fat (SFA) areas were evaluated by performing computed tomography scan, and fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) were examined by whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. ResultsMultiple regression analysis adjusted for age, T2DM duration, serum creatinine, and body mass index (BMI) showed that S1P was significantly and positively associated with fasting plasma glucose (β = 0.25, p = 0.027), HbA1c (β = 0.28, p = 0.012), and urine C-peptide (β = 0.29, p = 0.014). Moreover, multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, T2DM duration, serum creatinine, HbA1c, and urine C-peptide showed that BMI (β = 0.32, p = 0.008), VFA (β = 0.33, p = 0.008), SFA (β = 0.26, p = 0.039), FM (β = 0.37, p = 0.003), and LBM (β = 0.35, p = 0.01). FM was significantly and positively associated with S1P after additional adjustment for LBM (β = 0.29, p = 0.028), whereas LBM was not after adjustment for FM. Moreover, VFA was significantly and positively associated with S1P after additional adjustment for SFA (β = 0.27, p = 0.039), whereas SFA was not after adjustment for VFA. ConclusionThis is the first study to show that increased plasma S1P levels are associated with blood glucose levels and accumulation of fat mass, especially visceral fat mass, in men with T2DM.

The overweight increases circulating inflammatory mediators commonly associated with obesity in young individuals

Obesity is a serious and growing world healthy problem affecting developed and developing countries. The new conception of obesity as a basal inflammatory condition has opened a new window of possibilities to identify inflammatory biomarkers to be used in the diagnosis or prognosis of obesity-associated comorbidities. This present work aims the identification of the adipokines (leptin and resistin), chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL16) and the BMP-2 and their association with the clinical, biochemical (fasting glucose, hemogram, cholesterol, T3, T4 and TSH) and anthropometric (weight, height, body circumferences, skinfold thickness and percentage of body fat) parameters in young adults (18–30 years old) presenting obesity and overweight. Our data showed increasing in anthropometric parameters and in the plasma inflammatory levels in those individuals presenting overweight and obesity. We observed a higher plasma levels of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL16, leptin and resistin in those overweigh and obese individuals. In addition, the CCL2, CCL5 presented a positive correlation with the body mass index and the body fat percentage. Assuming the obesity as a systemic inflammatory process, in this current study, the overweight individuals possess a close similar pattern of circulating inflammatory mediators which might be a potential risk of the development of obesity comorbidities. Further studies are still needed to precise the role of the biomarkers CCL2, CCL5, CXCL16 and BMP-2 in the clinical prognosis related to the overweight or obese individuals.