Body Fat Pad Weights Research Articles

Pharmacological Approaches to Attenuate Inflammation and Obesity with Natural Products Formulations by Regulating the Associated Promoting Molecular Signaling Pathways.

Obesity is a public health problem characterized by increased body weight due to abnormal adipose tissue expansion. Bioactive compound consumption from the diet or intake of dietary supplements is one of the possible ways to control obesity. Natural products with adipogenesis-regulating potential act as obesity treatments. We evaluated the synergistic antiangiogenesis, antiadipogenic and antilipogenic efficacy of standardized rebaudioside A, sativoside, and theasaponin E1 formulations (RASE1) in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), 3T3-L1 preadipocytes respectively, and in vivo using a high-fat and carbohydrate diet-induced obesity mouse model. Orlistat was used as a positive control, while untreated cells and animals were normal controls (NCs). Adipose tissue, liver, and blood were analyzed after dissection. Extracted stevia compounds and green tea seed saponin E1 exhibited pronounced antiobesity effects when combined. RASE1 inhibited HUVEC proliferation and tube formation by suppressing VEGFR2, NF-κB, PIK3, and-catenin beta-1 expression levels. RASE1 inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation by downregulating adipogenesis- and lipogenesis-promoting genes. RASE1 oral administration reduced mouse body and body fat pad weight and blood cholesterol, TG, ALT, AST, glucose, insulin, and adipokine levels. RASE1 suppressed adipogenic and lipid metabolism gene expression in mouse adipose and liver tissues and enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase levels in liver and adipose tissues and in serum adiponectin. RASE1 suppressed the NF-κB pathway and proinflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in mice which involve inflammation and progression of obesity. The overall results indicate RASE1 is a potential therapeutic formulation and functional food for treating or preventing obesity and inflammation.

Butea monosperma flower extract partially reduces high-fat diet induced obesity in experimental rats

BackgroundThe body fat reduction has been a major health goal of obese individuals throughout the world and identifying functional foods that can assist in alleviatingthe excess body fat has been the objective of various studies. ObjectiveThe current study was investigated to evaluate the anti-obesity profile of Butea monosperma (BM) flower extract on the high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats. Material & methodsCD and AD diet was fed for 40 days to induce obesity in Female albino rats. Three different doses of BM flower extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, per oral) were administered every day to the drug treatment groups. The observations were made for body weight measured at every 5 day interval, various organs and body fat pad weights, body temperature, locomotor activities along with total cholesterol, triglyceridesand glucose levels were analyzed on the 39th and 40th day. ResultBM flower extract 400 mg/kg (high dose) treated rats showed a significant decrease in body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides levels, and glucose levels with marked elevation in locomotor activities and body temperatures. ConclusionThe findings suggests that the supplemented BM flower extract in the CD and AD have normalized the weight gain parameters and can be a future herbal candidate for reversing obese individual to normal.

Anti-hyperlipidemic and fat pad lowering effect of standardized tea seed cake extract in mice fed high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet

Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntze has traditionally been used in Asian countries as a stimulant, a diuretic, and to prevent obesity. Studies in green tea are well-documented in literature, though the potential of fruit from the plant has never been studied in details. In the present study, the anti-adipogenic effect of aqueous extract of green tea seed cake extract (GTE) were analysed in-vitro and the anti-obesity effects were determined in-vivo in murine model fed high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets. We found that GTE inhibited the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and significantly lowered body weight, body fat-pad weights, blood lipid, glucose, insulin, and leptin levels in mice fed high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets. GTE suppressed the expression of important adipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP, LPL, aP2 and leptin) and lipid metabolism genes (FAS). Furthermore, GTE induced the levels of adiponectin in serum and adipose tissue, as well as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in liver tissue. These results suggested that GTE ameliorates its anti-obesity effect through multiple cells signaling pathways in diets induced obesity in mice.

Longitudinal changes in offspring body weight, fat mass and sex hormone levels according to maternal bisphenol A exposure during gestation and lactation

We investigated the intergenerational effect of exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) during gestation and lactation on adipose storage and sexual maturation using sex hormone measurements and an improved statistical approach. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with BPA at 50 μg/kg body weight (BW)/ day or 50 mg/kg BW/day, or an equivalent volume of sesame oil (controls) from day 7 of gestation until pup weaning. We examined the pubertal development daily from postnatal day (PND) 25. Pups were euthanized on PND 15, 30, 45, or 60. At that time, truncal blood was collected and three adipose deposits were dissected and weighed. From the collected blood, we measured the levels of four sex hormones. Body weights of the remaining animals were recorded until 37 weeks of age. Male, but not female, pups born to BPA-exposed rats had significantly increased body weights. In addition, prenatal BPA exposure showed an inverted Ushaped relationship with body weight change in male pups; this effect was long lasting. Prenatal exposure to a relatively low dose of BPA influenced the timing of puberty onset, which was earlier than in the control group. Moreover, sex hormones, body fat-pad weights and body weights changed over time according to exposure level. Our results showed that prenatal BPA exposure influences intergenerational development of early puberty onset and adipose storage, which lasts into adulthood, as shown by statistical approaches and an improved study design that compensated for weaknesses in previous investigations.