Body Content Research Articles

Effect of tailoring on weight loss among young adults receiving digital interventions: an 18 month randomized controlled trial.

Weight loss outcomes among young adults in technology-based programs have been equivocal. The purpose of this study was to deliver digital weight loss treatments to young adults and examine the 6, 12, and 18 month effects on weight loss. Young adults with overweight/obesity (N = 459; 23.3 ± 4.4 years) were recruited from two university sites and randomly assigned to receive through Facebook and text messaging either personalized (TAILORED; n = 150) or generic (TARGETED; n = 152) weight loss information, messages, and feedback or general healthy body content (e.g., body image, sleep; CONTROL; n = 157). The study was powered to detect a 2.1-kg difference at all time points with the primary outcome being 18 months. There was no overall effect of treatment group on 6, 12, or 18 month weight loss (ps = NS). However, at 6 months, those in TAILORED who were highly engaged (completing >66%) lost more weight compared to CONTROL (-2.32 kg [95% confidence intervals: -3.90, -0.74]; p = .004), with the trend continuing at 12 months. A significant baseline body mass index (BMI) by treatment group interaction (p = .004) was observed at 6 months. Among participants in the lowest baseline BMI category (25-27.5 kg/m2), those in TAILORED lost 2.27 kg (-3.86, -0.68) more, and those in TARGETED lost 1.72 kg (-3.16, -0.29) more than CONTROL after adjusting for covariates. Among participants with a BMI between 27.5 and 30 kg/m2, those in TAILORED lost 2.20 kg (-3.90, -0.51) more than participants in TARGETED. Results did not persist over time with no treatment interaction at 12 or 18 months. Initial body weight should be considered when recommending weight loss treatments for young adults. More intensive interventions or stepped care approaches may be needed for young adults with obesity.

CHANGES IN HUMAN EPITHELIAL TISSUE IN CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE AGE ASPECT. PARTICIPATION OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL ZONES AND SRC KINASE IN THIS PROCESS

The reaction of human epithelial tissue to the effects of various pathological agents mainly depends on both the total amount of key protein in the organism – Src-kinase and the quantity of its active and inactive portions. In the age aspect, there is a decrease in Src-kinase content in the human body. The epithelial tissue of two age groups: 20-40 and 75 years and older responds most vigorously to pathological effects, including the entering of viruses, since in 20-40 years the number of Src-kinases is the largest of all age groups, and 75 years and older — the smallest. Under conditions of pathology, this leads to a decrease in the reactivity of organism tissues at 20-40 years and hyperactivity at 75 years and older.

Replacement of fish meal with gamma‐ray irradiated soybean meal in the diets of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides

This study evaluates the potential to replace fish meal with gamma-ray (γ) irradiated soybean meal (SM) in the diet of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and the role of brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation in fish meal replacement. The reference diet (490 g kg−1 crude protein, 90 g kg−1 lipid and 400 g kg−1 fish meal) was formulated into six isoproteic and isolipidic experimental diets. In the first three diets (S20, S40 and S60), 20%, 40% and 60% of fish meal in the reference diet was replaced with γ-irradiated SM, respectively. The brewer's yeast was then supplemented to diets S20, S40 and S60 at 10 g kg−1 to form other three diets (SY20, SY40 and SY60). The feeding trial lasted 8 weeks. Fish weight gain was not affected by the level of fish meal replacement, yeast supplementation and their interactions. Fish meal replacement and yeast supplementation significantly affected feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), retention efficiencies of nitrogen (NRE) and phosphorus (NRE), nitrogen waste, phosphorus waste and the ratio of fish meal consumption to fish production (RCP). The hepatosomatic index and body contents of moisture and lipid were dependent on the level of fish meal replacement. The contents of protein, ash and phosphorus in the whole body depended on fish meal replacement and the interaction between fish meal replacement and yeast supplementation. No significant difference was found in weight gain between fish fed the reference diet and six experimental diets. Feed intake and FCR were lower in fish fed the reference diet than those fed diets S20, S40, S60, SY20 and SY60. However, feed intake, FCR, NRE and nitrogen waste in fish fed diet SY40 did not differ from those fed the reference diet. The RCP declined with the decrease of dietary fish meal. This study indicates that the γ-irradiated SM is a promising ingredient as a fish meal substitute. Fish meal can be reduced to 160 g kg−1 with γ-irradiated SM as the substitute in the largemouth bass diet. The supplementation of S. cerevisiae at 10 g kg−1 did not show a positive role for the reduction of fish meal in the largemouth bass diet.

Evaluation of Aloe vera by-product against cereals in feeds for golden mullet (Liza aurata)

Among of the actual challenges for the sustainable aquaculture development are to lower the trophic level of the cultured species, and to increase the use of by-products from the primary sector. The golden mullet (Liza aurata) is a marine low trophic level consumer present in the Mediterranean and in the Canary Islands, where there was a significant consumption in the past. On the other hand, Aloe vera plant, which production in Canary Islands is highly world representative, contains more than 70 biologically active components which have aroused the interest for its use in aquaculture, although the enormous quantity of the generated by-products has no use at all, and has never been tested for aquaculture purposes. The objective of this study was to run the first controlled feeding test with Liza aurata in the Canary Islands, as a target species to promote its cultivation, and to evaluate the use of pure Canarian Aloe vera against different levels of the by-product, to determine the effects in growth, health, and quality parameters. Therefore, 5 diets were formulated to contain 0% of aloe inclusion (diet control), 2% of pure form of aloe (diet P2), and 2, 4 and 6% of aloe by-product (diets BP2, BP4 and BP6). At 91 days of feeding, growth, proximal and fatty acid composition of liver, muscle and whole body, serum lysozyme, serum antibacterial activity, and malonaldheyde content of liver and whole body, were measured. According to obtained results, up to 6% of the aloe by-product could be included in diets for this species, without any rejections in growth or quality parameters, although no improved results compared to the control fish could be observed. Further studies are on the way to determine the sustainability and bioeconomic impact of present results, to gain knowledge on their direct industrial applications.

Highly sensitive FET sensors for cadmium detection in one drop of human serum with a hand-held device and investigation of the sensing mechanism.

As the heavy metal contamination is becoming worse, monitoring the heavy metal content in water or human body gets more and more important. In this research, a cadmium ion-selective field effect transistor (Cd-ISFET) for rapidly detecting cadmium ions has been developed and the mechanism of the sensor is also investigated in depth. Our Cd-ISFET sensor exhibits high sensitivity beyond the ideal Nernst sensitivity, wide dynamic range, low detection limit (∼10-11M), which is comparable with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and easy operation enabling people to detect cadmium ion by themselves. From the analysis of electrical measurement results, this Cd-ISFET is preferred to operate at the bias with the maximum transconductance of the FET to enhance the sensor signal. The AC impedance measurement is carried out to directly investigate the mechanism of an ion-selective membrane (ISM). From impedance results, the real part of the total impedance, which is the resistance, was shown to dominate the sensor signal. The potential drop across the ISM is caused by the heavy metal ion in the membrane, which is employed to the gate of the FET via an extended gate electrode. Cadmium ion detection in one drop of human serum with this sensor was demonstrated. This cost-effective and highly sensitive sensor is promising and can be used by anyone and anywhere to prevent people from cadmium poisoning.

Bone characteristics and physical fitness in children and adolescents with visual impairment.

Lower habitual physical activity in adolescents with visual impairment (VI) have detrimental effect on their general health such as bone quality and physical fitness. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the bone quality in children with VI and to analyze the correlations of their bone characteristics with anthropometric and physical fitness tests. The participants (N.=38) were adolescents (14.85±2.79 yrs) with low vision (N.=18) or blindness (N.=20). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) of the total body and L1-L4 of the lumbar spinal region. After anthropometry physical fitness was examined by laboratory test (V̇O<inf>2peak</inf>) and field tests (strength and running). Height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), V̇O<inf>2peak</inf> were similar in the two groups. Blind boys showed significant higher handgrip strength. Estimated V̇O<inf>2peak</inf> (from 20-m shuttle running test) was significantly lower in blind children (43.84±4.42 mL/kg/min) than in children with low vision (35.08±5.23 mL/kg/min; P<0.001). BMD and BMC did not differ in subgroups, Z-score of total body BMD was significantly lower in blind children. Means of Z-score in L1-L4 lumbal spinal region were negative values and similar in blind and low vision adolescents' subgroups. A linear regression model in the collective group revealed significant associations of BMD (r2=0.538; P=0.0001) and BMC (r2=0.698; P=0.048) with BMI and handgrip strength test. Adolescents with VI have generally decreased bone health and physical fitness level. BMI and handgrip strength are predictors of total body BMD and BMC; suggesting that these measures may be adequate to estimate bone health.

Taurine supplementation reduces myeloperoxidase and matrix-metalloproteinase-9 levels and improves the effects of exercise in cognition and physical fitness in older women.

Immunosenescence contributes to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, and those conditions could be attenuated by non-pharmacological anti-inflammatory strategies, such as exercise and supplementation with the amino acid taurine. Since taurine body content decreases with aging, we investigated the effects of supplementation (alone and combined with exercise) on oxidative stress, extracellular matrix degradation, white blood cells, neurotrophins, cognition and physical fitness of elderly women. Forty-eight women (83.58 ± 6.98years) were enrolled into exercise training only (EO: n = 13), taurine supplementation (TS: n = 12), exercise training + taurine supplementation (ETTS: n = 11), and control group (CG: n = 12). All interventions lasted 14weeks. Exercise was applied twice a week, and taurine was given once a day (1.5g). Data collection occurred before and after interventions with the determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, and white blood cell counts (WBC). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and physical fitness tests were also evaluated. Concentration of MPO and MMP-9 decreased after intervention in TS (p < 0.05). No effect of time or time×group was observed for WBC parameters; however, univariate analysis showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes for TS, while an increase in monocytes occurred in the CG (p < 0.05). MoCA scores decreased over time in the CG (p < 0.05). Improvements in physical fitness occurred in ETTS (better agility and aerobic capacity), mostly likely due to exercise and boosted by taurine supplementation. No changes in BDNF levels were observed (p > 0.05), while NGF concentration were undetectable in almost subjects. Exercise together with taurine supplementation appears to be a valuable strategy to enhance health-related outcomes in older persons.

The Appraisal of Body Content (ABC) trial: Increased male or female adiposity does not significantly impact in vitro fertilization laboratory or clinical outcomes

To investigate the impact of obesity as determined by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and body mass index (BMI) on invitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory and clinical outcomes. Prospective cohort study. Academic-affiliated private practice. A total of 1,889 infertile couples undergoing IVF from June 2016 to January2019. Female patients and male partners underwent BIA and BMI measurement at the time of oocyte retrieval. Embryology and clinical outcomes were prospectively tracked with comparison groups determined by percentage of body fat (%BF) and BMI categories. Fertilization rate, blastocyst formation rate, euploidy rate, miscarriage rate, sustained implantation rate, live birth rate, rates of low birth weight/very low birth weight, prematurity rates. Fertilization rates and euploidy rates were equivalent among all women. Blastocyst formation rates were slightly higher (55%) in women with an obese %BF compared with all other %BF categories (51%); however, this trend was not noted in women defined as obese by BMI. Miscarriage rates, sustained implantation rates, and live birth rates were equivalent among all women. The rate of very low birth weight was low but increased in obese women (3%) versus underweight, normal-weight, and overweight counterparts (0%-1.3%) as determined by %BF and BMI. Obesity in men did not significantly affect any embryologic or clinical outcomes. Although maternal obesity imposes a small but increased risk of very low birth weight infants, most embryology and pregnancy outcomes are equivalent to normal weight patients. Paternal obesity does not appear to affect IVF, pregnancy, or delivery outcomes.

Impacts of dietary protein on growth performance, feed utilization, amino acid profile, activities of digestive and amino acid metabolizing enzymes of the soft‐shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis )

The impacts of dietary protein on growth, body proximate composition, feed utilization, amino acid profile, digestive enzyme activity and amino acid metabolizing enzymes in soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) (initial weight: 4.02 ± 0.06 g) were measured during an 8-week feeding trail. Six diets containing 8%, 18%, 28%, 38%, 48% and 60% (control group) fishmeal were formulated, which contained 14.38%, 20.41%, 26.19%, 32.23%, 37.63% and 45.23% protein respectively. Weight gain, mean feed intake, skirt ratio, pepsin activity of stomach, total amino acid of the muscle and crude protein levels of the whole body improved as dietary protein content increased from 14.38% to 26.19% but remained stable thereafter. The hepatosomatic index, feed conversion ratio, intestinal alpha-amylase activity, moisture content of the whole body and serum alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase activity decreased with increasing protein content up to 26.19% and then plateaued. The protein productive value and protein efficiency ratio decreased as protein content increased. Intestinal lipase activity and crude lipid levels of the whole body were unaffected by dietary protein level. Hepatic alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase activity first significantly increased with increasing protein but remained stable at protein content ≥26.19%. The optimum dietary protein level for soft-shelled turtles was in the range of 27.36%–28.46% based on weight gain, ALT activity and AST activity results.

ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH PENGOLAHAN IKAN MUJAIR MENJADI IKAN ASIN DI DESA WEDUNI KECAMATAN DEKET KABUPATEN LAMONGAN

The processing is carried out so that the fish and fishery products have added value. The purpose of fish processing is to reduce the water content in the fish body, one way is by making salted fish. The fish that are usually processed into salted fish in Deket District are freshwater fish, namely tilapia fish. The choice of tilapia fish because it is in fresh condition, the price is cheap and if it has been processed into salted fish, it taste good and is very attractive to the community. The purpose of this research was to determine the added value of processing tilapia fish into salted in Weduni Village, Deket District, Lamongan Regency. The method used in this research is quantitative method, and the sampling is done by purposive sample in the fishery product processing group, the name of group is “Dhie RT Dagelan”. The results showed that the added value obtained was Rp. 50.505/kg with a value added ratio of 70,14%

Performance and digestibility of inorganic phosphates in diets for juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): dicalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, and monoammonium phosphate

The suitability of feed phosphates for farmed shrimp was assessed in a trial for simultaneous determination of shrimp performance and digestibility. Juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was reared during 52 days (individual weight from 5.5 to 16–20 g) fed plant-based diets supplemented with different sources of inorganic phosphates: dicalcium phosphate (DCP), monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and monoammonium phosphate (MAP). Test diets were formulated to contain similar levels of total phosphorus (0.75%, Ca/P ranging from 0.32 to 0.90). A (negative) control diet was tested with similar formulation devoid of inorganic phosphate supplementation (0.50% total P). Shrimp were reared in a clear water (34 ppt, 30 °C) recirculated tank system, stocked at a density of 82 individuals/m3, and fed continuously using a belt feeder. Feces were collected several times per day throughout the feeding trial. Mean survival ranged from 88% (control diet) to 95% (MAP diet) and did not differ significantly among treatments (P > 0.05). However, diet did affect feed consumption with highest daily feed intakes observed for shrimp fed the MAP diet, followed by MCP, DCP, and control. Not surprisingly, significantly higher growth was observed with shrimp fed MCP and MAP (2.01 and 2.10 g/week, respectively), compared with shrimp fed the control and DCP diets (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency (FCR) was also significantly reduced in shrimp fed MCP and MAP (1.66 and 1.59, respectively) compared with other treatments (P < 0.05). Moreover, shrimp fed MCP and MAP had significantly higher apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs), including dry matter, crude protein, potassium, and phosphorus compared with shrimp fed the control and DCP diets (P < 0.05). Phosphorus content was also significantly reduced in feces of shrimp fed MAP (P < 0.05). Mineral content and retention efficiency in shrimp whole body and exoskeleton were also significantly higher with diets MCP and MAP compared with shrimp fed the control and DCP diets (P < 0.05).

Changes in Homogeneous degree Caused by Marine Oil Spill

Based on the survey data of Jiaozhou Bay waters in May, September and October 1993, this paper studies the surface horizontal distribution of PHC content in Jiaozhou Bay waters. According to the definition, model and classification of Yang Dongfang homogeneity theory of matter content in waters proposed by the author, the calculation results show that in May, in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay, the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 46.86μg/L, and the homogeneity of PHC content was 8.15%. At this time, the PHC content had non-homogeneity; in September, the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 6.53μg/L, and the homogeneous was 48.58%, on which the PHC content had a low degree of homogeneity; in October, the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 0.40μg/L, and the homogeneity was 96.61%, on which the PHC content had a high degree of homogeneity. This shows that in May, in the entire waters of Jiaozhou Bay, there was the only source of marine oil spill transportation, and the PHC content transported was 51.00μg/L, which was relatively high, resulting that the PHC content was unevenly distributed in the entire water body in the bay. In September, in the entire waters of Jiaozhou Bay, there was only the source of marine oil spill transportation, and its PHC content was 12.70μg/L, which was relatively low. In this way, the distribution of PHC content in the entire water body was lowly homogeneous. In October, there was no source of PHC content in the bay, and the PHC content was relatively low. In this way, the distribution of PHC content in the entire water body was highly homogeneous. From May to September, the monthly decline rate of the PHC content from marine oil spill was 9.57μg/L, the monthly decline rate of the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 10.08μg/L, and the monthly increase rate of the homogeneity of PHC content was 10.10%. From September to October, the monthly decline rate of the PHC content of marine oil spill was 12.70μg/L, the monthly decline rate of the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 6.13μg/L, and the monthly increase rate of the homogeneity of PHC content was 48.03%. This fully reveals that the PHC content of marine oil spill is the driving force of its non-homogeneity in the water area, while the ocean tides and currents are the driving force of its homogeneity in the water area. Based on this, the author puts forward the theory of homogeneous distribution of material content: under the action of ocean tides and currents, the ocean has the characteristics of homogeneity, and the distribution of material content in the ocean water body shows homogeneity.

Low Cd content emitted by humans into the atmosphere

According to the data in May, September and October 1993, the variation range of Cd content in the water body of Jiaozhou Bay was 0.07-0.23μg/L, which conforms to the national water quality standard of Class I. It indicated that in May, September and October, the water in the entire water area of Jiaozhou Bay was not contaminated by Cd content. In May, the variation range of Cd content in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay was 0.09-0.18μg/L. In the coastal waters of the north of Jiaozhou Bay, the Cd content reached a relatively high value, which was 0.18μg/L. In September, the variation range of Cd content in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay was 0.07-0.23μg/L. In the coastal waters of the east of Jiaozhou Bay, the Cd content reached the highest value, 0.23μg/L. In October, the variation range of Cd content in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay was 0.08-0.18μg/L. In the coastal waters of the east of Jiaozhou Bay, the Cd content reached a relative high value, 0.18μg/L. In terms of Cd content, the water quality of Jiaozhou Bay had reached high quality. The water was clean, and it was not polluted by Cd content at all. The Cd content in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay mainly came from two sources, the transport of surface runoff and the transport of atmospheric deposition. The Cd content from surface runoff transportation was 0.18μg/L, and the Cd content from atmospheric deposition transportation was 0.18-0.23μg/L. The Cd content transported by atmospheric deposition was very close to the Cd content transported by surface runoff, and was very low, ranging from 0.18 to 0.23μg/L, far less than 1.00 μg/L. This revealed that the humans had realized the importance of environmental protection, and the emissions to the environment were very low. The atmosphere, land and sea were not polluted by Cd content. The Cd content transported by atmospheric deposition 0.18-0.23μg/L ≥ the Cd content transported by surface runoff 0.18μg/L, which indicated that the Cd content was mainly discharged into the atmosphere by humans and then deposited on the land.

Vermicomposting of anaerobically digested sewage sludge with hazelnut husk and cow manure by earthworm Eisenia foetida

Vermicomposting of organic waste has an important part to play in an integrated waste management strategy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of an epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida to transform anaerobically digested sewage sludge (SS) amended with hazelnut husk (HH) and cow manure (CM) in different proportions under laboratory condition (in darkness at 25°C0,5 0C). Two approaches investigated in the study were: (1) to find the best medium for growth and reproduction of E. foetida in different feed mixtures, (2) to analyze the heavy metal concentrations in different feed mixtures of SS-HH-CM before and after vermicomposting, and (3) to explore heavy metals accumulation of earthworms in sewage sludge with different feed mixtures. Number and biomass of earthworms and heavy metal contents in feed mixtures and earthworms were periodically monitored. The results indicated that maximum earthworm biomass was attained in feed mixture of 20% SS + 40% CM + 40% HH while the earthworm number was highest in feed mixture of 30% SS + 35% CM + 35% HH during the vermicomposting period. Heavy metals concentration (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr) in all feed mixtures decreased associated with the increasing vermicomposting time. The heavy metals’ content in the feed mixtures was lower than that of initial mixtures. Metal analysis of earthworms revealed considerable bioaccumulation of heavy metals in their bodies’ tissue. Heavy metal analysis of earthworm body showed that increasing proportion of SS in the feed mixtures promoted the heavy metal content of earthworm body.

Modulating the Metabolic Activity of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. with the Supplementation of Honey and Protein Sources

The present study aimed to assess the effect of honey obtained from different bee species and protein sources on the metabolic changes in mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The results of experiment showed that oral administration of honey and protein sources to silkworm larvae during late-age instars daily once significantly changed metabolic processes. Among the various treatments and concentrations tested, 5 per cent Trigona iridipennis honey significantly increased the carbohydrate in haemolymph (16.71 mg/mL) and fat body (12.38 mg/g) over all other treatments. The lipid content in haemolymph (23.03 mg/mL) and fat body (45.38 mg/g) of silkworm were also found to be superior in the larval batch treated with 5 per cent T. iridipennis. Apart from this, the same treatment was showed statistical superiority in increasing the activity of enzymes viz., aspartate aminotransferase (269.78 µg/mL) and alanine aminotransferase (563.25 µg/mL), which play an important role in protein metabolism.

Transfer Mechanism and Change Process of Matter Content in Jiaozhou Bay

Based on the survey data of Jiaozhou Bay in 1992, the changes of Pb content in the surface and bottom waters affected by the ocean current in the process of transportation in Jiaozhou Bay were studied, and the sedimentation process and mechanism of Pb content in the surface and bottom waters were determined. The time change process of sedimentation shows that: from May to October, 1) the Pb content transported by the ocean current from the main sea decided the Pb content change in the bottom water; 2) in August, under the carrying of a large number of plankton and suspended particulate matter, the Pb content transported by the ocean current and that in the surface and bottom water reached the maximum value in a year. According to the spatial change process of subsidence, the results show that in August and October, the inlet of the “Cangkou Channel”, the outlet of the “Former Reef Channel” and the deep channel of the strait on the side of Xuejia Island all revealed narrower channel, accelerated current, and deep erosion, forming a deep channel. In such waters, a large amount of Pb content was deposited. On the basis of the sedimentation process in the center of the bay, the outer sea current carried a high content of Pb to surround the nearshore waters in the bay. In May, the main sea current did not affect the surface water in the center of Jiaozhou Bay, nor did it affect the bottom water in the center of Jiaozhou Bay. From May to October, the ocean current didn’t affect the surface water in the center of Jiaozhou Bay, either, but it has brought a huge impact on the bottom water in the center of Jiaozhou Bay. In the transfer process of Pb content in the water body in the center of the bay, the authors put forward the transfer mechanism of the matter content in Jiaozhou Bay, and establish the block diagram of the modelwhich demonstrates the mechanism and the change process of the matter content transfer.

MACROZOOBENTHOS DIVERSITY OF SAI RIVER AT RAEBARELI, INDIA

Macrozoobenthos are the best indicators of the stress in the aquatic ecosystem. Distribution of macrozoobenthos is determined by a number of factors such as physical nature of the substratum, depth, nutritive content of the water body. Present study was conducted to assess the diversity of macrozoobenthos of Sai River, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh during July 2020 to June 2021. During the present investigation, a total number of 24genera of macrozoobenthic fauna were recorded from one year of investigation. Observations revealed that phylum Mollusca acquires dominant position with 45.83% of total faunal composition while phylum Annelida constitutes 29.16% and comes on second position whereas, least faunal abundance was found from phylum Arthropoda which contributes about 25%.

The Migration Rule of Pb Content Transported from Different Sources

According to the survey materials of the waters of Jiaozhou Bay in May, September and October 1993, this article studied the content of Pb and its horizontal distribution in the surface water bodies. The results showed that the Pb content in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay ranged within 0.62 - 3.05 μg/L, which conformed to the seawater standard of Class I and II. And it also indicated that in terms of the Pb content, the water bodies of Jiaozhou bay were mildly contaminated by Pb content in May, September and October. The Pb content in Jiaozhou bay mainly had three sources, the transportation of rivers, surface runoff and offshore ocean currents. The Pb content was 2.13 μg/L transported from the rivers, 2.74 μg/L from the surface runoff and 3.05 μg/L from the offshore ocean currents. It demonstrated that the transportation of rivers, surface runoff and offshore ocean currents had been moderated polluted by Pb content. Three different migration paths of Pb content, from land, ocean to Jiaozhou Bay water bodies, have been expressed in model block diagram. In the migration process of Pb content transported from different sources, the author found out the migration rules: 1) the Pb content was continuously decreased with the extension of migration distance; 2) the Pb content in the ocean water body was very high with the accumulation of Pb content in the ocean.

The unfavorable role of titanium particles released from dental implants.

Titanium is considered to be a metal material with the best biological safety. Studies have proved that the titanium implanted in the bone continuously releases titanium particles (Ti particles), significantly increasing the total titanium content in human body. Generally, Ti particles are released slowly without causing a systemic immune response. However, the continuous increased local concentration may result in damage to the intraepithelial homeostasis, aggravation of inflammatory reaction in the surrounding tissues, bone resorption and implant detachment. They also migrate with blood flow and aggregate in the distal organ. The release of Ti particles is affected by the score of the implant surface structure, microenvironment wear and corrosion, medical operation wear, and so on, but the specific mechanism is not clear. Thus, it difficult to prevent the release completely. This paper reviews the causes of the Ti particles formation, the damage to the surrounding tissue, and its mechanism, in particular, methods for reducing the release and toxicity of the Ti particles.

НОРМИРОВАНИЕ КАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ И КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ПОТЕРЬ РАДИОАКТИВНЫХ РУД ПРИ ДОБЫЧЕ СЛОЕВЫМИ СИСТЕМАМИ С ЗАКЛАДКОЙ

Increasing the mining efficiency of minera丨 deposits is achieved by reducing the quantitative and qualitative losses of mineral raw materials during extraction. One of the most effective development systems from this point of view is the systems of layered excavation of ores with filling the developed space with a hardening bookmark. This makes it possible to mechanize the extraction process as much as possible, which in turn makes the system flexible and mobile, changing the direction of the treatment workings, their width and height, depending on the changing values of the ore parameters. This makes it possible to minimize the clogging of the ore mass with waste rock and significantly increase the completeness of ore extraction. To establish the relationship between the characteristics of ore formations and the overall dimensions of mining equipment, studies were conducted that allowed determining the conditions for the use of various types of equipment for the extraction of minerals with specific characteristics (msr is the capacity of the ore body, asr - is the average uranium content). On the basis of these studies, a method has been developed for calculating the normative indicators of losses and dilution for the conditions of mining rock uranium mineralization by a layer system from top to bottom with filling the cleaning space with a hardening bookmark. To determine the calculated indicators, the distribution of power classes in ore bodies depending on its average value in the ore body and the distribution of uranium by concentration classes from its average content in the ore body were studied. The criterion for determining the losses during the breakdown is the conditioned indicator - the minimum metric percentage at which commercial ore can be obtained