Body Composition In Individuals Research Articles

Dietary amino acid patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among subjects with obesity; a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity is a growing global public health concern. Certain dietary amino acids have been shown to have a potential therapeutic role in improving metabolic syndrome parameters and body composition in individuals with obesity. However, some amino acids have been linked to an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association between dietary amino acid patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 335 participants with obesity (57.9% males and 41.5% females) from Tabriz and Tehran, Iran. The participants were between the ages of 20–50, with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher, and free from certain medical conditions. The study examined participants’ general characteristics, conducted anthropometric assessments, dietary assessments, and biochemical assessments. The study also used principal component analysis to identify amino acid intake patterns and determined the association between these patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity.ResultsUpon adjusting for potential confounders, the study found that individuals in the third tertiles of pattern 1 and 2 were more likely to have lower LDL levels (OR = 0.99 and 95% CI (0.98–0.99)) for both. Additionally, a significant decrease in total cholesterol was observed in the third tertiles of pattern 2 in model II (OR = 0.99, 95% CI (0.98–0.99)). These findings suggest a potential cardioprotective effect of these amino acid patterns in managing cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity.ConclusionsThis study found that two identified amino acid patterns were associated with lower serum LDL and total cholesterol levels, while a third pattern was associated with higher serum triglycerides. The specific amino acids contributing to these patterns highlight the importance of targeted dietary interventions in managing cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity.

Effects of 24-week Polarized Training vs. Threshold Training in Obese Male Adults.

The combination of high volume of moderate-intensity continuous training with a low volume of high-intensity interval training improved body composition and physical capacities in individuals with obesity. However, polarized training (POL) has never been used in adult men with obesity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate changes in body composition and physical capacities induced by a 24-week POL or threshold (THR) program in obese male adults. Twenty male patients (mean age 39.8±6.3 yrs; mean body mass index [BMI] 31.6±2.7 kg∙m-2) participated in this study (n: 10 POL, n: 10 THR). After 24-week, body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) decreased by -3.20±3.10 kg (P<0.05) and -3.80±2.80 kg (P<0.05), respectively, similarly in both groups. Maximal oxygen uptake ( ̇VO2max) and ̇VO2 at respiratory compensation point (RCP) increased in the POL group (+8.5±12.2 and+9.0±17.0%, P<0.05) and in the THR group (+4.24±8.64 and+4.0±6.70%, P<0.05), as well ̇VO2 at gas exchange threshold (GET) increased similarly in both groups (+12.8±12.0%, P<0.05). POL and THR were equally effective in improving body composition and physical capacities in obese subjects. Future studies are needed to determine whether adherence to the training program can be improved by adding a running competition compared with a group without competition at the end of the training program.

Characterizing early postoperative changes in body composition in patients with secondary lymphedema after breast cancer surgery: potential screening indicators for preventive intervention.

[Purpose] To characterize changes in the body composition of individuals with secondary lymphedema that developed in the early postoperative period after breast cancer surgery, before the manifestation of volume increase in the affected limb, and to test its potential as a screening indicator for preventive intervention. [Participants and Methods] A total of 219 patients with breast cancer who underwent axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy were included in this study. Body composition (extracellular water content, extracellular water content ratio, low-frequency impedance value, and phase angle) was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis before surgery and three and six months after surgery. Changes in the body composition of the affected limb over time were compared between the lymphedema- and non-lymphedema-affected groups. [Results] Sixteen patients who developed lymphedema six months after breast cancer treatment showed significant changes in all body composition parameters at three months postoperatively, compared to those who did not develop lymphedema. [Conclusion] In patients with upper extremity lymphedema that develops within six months after breast cancer surgery, increases in extracellular water content, extracellular water content ratio, low-frequency impedance, and phase angle may precede apparent volume increases. Our findings suggest the usefulness of these parameters as screening indicators for early treatment triaging.

Body Composition, Falls, and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: Gender-Specific Effects.

Postural instability and gait difficulties (PIGD) are a significant cause of mobility loss and lower quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD). When PD progresses, patients may experience falls and freezing of gait (FoG) resulting in fear of falling and increasing sedentariness. Sedentary behavior results in sarcopenia associated with other changes in body composition, especially in older patients becoming frail. Previous studies have shown gender-specific changes in body composition with aging as well as gender disparities in symptoms and progression of PD, yet the association between gender-specific body composition and PIGD symptoms such as FoG along with falls, remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between gender-specific changes in body composition, FoG and falls assessment. 136 PD subjects underwent detailed clinical test batteries and had whole-body composition assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariate logistic forward stepwise regression was performed to define body composition associations for FoG and falls. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that in males with PD, lower leg lean mass was significantly associated with the presence of FoG (OR, 0.429; 95% CI, 0.219-0.839; p=0.013) but not with falls. In females with PD, higher leg adipose mass was significantly associated with falls (OR, 4.780; 95% CI, 1.506-15.174; p=0.008) but not with FoG. These observations suggest gender specific associations between body composition and FoG vs. falls in PD. Future research should explore the impact of interventions on body composition in individuals with PD by paying specific attention to gender differences.

Effects of Coconut Consumption on Body Composition in Healthy Adult Individuals: Randomized Clinical Study

Effects of Coconut Consumption on Body Composition in Healthy Adult Individuals: Randomized Clinical Study

The Effect of 8-Week Protein Supplementation with a Simple Exercise Program on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Amino Acid OMICS among Healthy Sedentary Indians: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Dietary protein plays a crucial role in the modulation of several physiological processes to sustain health and well-being. There is robust evidence of enhanced muscle protein synthesis, improved physical fitness, body composition, and performance contributed by protein supplementation combined with exercise among trained individuals or athletes. Evidence of the efficacy of such intervention on healthy adults having a sedentary lifestyle is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of 12 g of additional protein in the form of a protein supplement compared to a placebo combined with a simple exercise program on plasma amino acid level, body composition, and muscle strength among healthy Indian adults having a relatively sedentary lifestyle. This double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted on sedentary healthy adults 20-45 years of age, with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 27.9 kg/m2. Eighty-two participants were randomized into either the protein (intervention) or placebo (control) group. The exercise regime was the same for both groups. Out of 82 randomized participants, 58 completed the intervention. Blood tests were conducted for the amino acid OMICS measurement followed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body composition and isokinetic dynamometry for muscle strength. A significant improvement was observed in the lean mass (kg) and appendicular muscle mass (AMM) adjusted for weight in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The muscle strength and contractile quality were comparable in the 2 groups. Plasma BCAA showed a significant negative association with body fat % (r = -0.43, p < 0.05 for the intervention group and r = -0.33, p = 0.07 for the control group) and a positive association with lean body mass % (r = 0.56, p < 0.01 in the intervention group vs r = 0.29, p = 0.10 in the control group) in the intervention group compared to control. In conclusion, this study highlighted the value of incorporating a lifestyle intervention including protein supplementation with simple exercises to optimize body composition in sedentary healthy individuals. This trial is registered with CTRI/2018/12/016777.

Impact of resistance training in patients with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: This study reviews the effects of resistance training (RT) and combined exercises on adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), focusing on muscular strength improvements. Methodology: Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until August, selecting studies that compared RT and combined exercises against control groups. Results: A total of 24 studies with 924 participants were analyzed. RT significantly improved body weight (mean difference [MD] = -1.05, p=0.01) and leg press-RM outcomes (MD = 12.86, p&lt;0.0001) versus controls. Combined exercises also showed notable benefits, enhancing overall training effects (MD = 21.95, p=0.0006) and sit-to-stand performance (MD = 3.10, p=0.0003). Conclusion: RT and combined exercises significantly benefit body composition, flexibility, muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with ID. Customizing exercise programs based on individual needs, considering age, ID severity, and preferences, is vital.

Growth, body composition, and endocrine-metabolic profiles of individuals with Kleefstra syndrome provide directions for clinical management and translational studies.

Mendelian neurodevelopmental disorders caused by variants in genes encoding chromatin modification can be categorized as Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs). These disorders have significant overlap in molecular pathways and phenotypes including intellectual disability, short stature, and obesity. Among the MDEMs is Kleefstra syndrome (KLFS), which is caused by haploinsufficiency of EHMT1. Preclinical studies have identified metabolic dysregulation and obesity in KLFS models, but proper clinical translation lacks. In this study, we aim to delineate growth, body composition, and endocrine-metabolic characteristics in a total of 62 individuals with KLFS. Our results revealed a high prevalence of childhood-onset overweight/obesity (60%; 28/47) with disproportionately high body fat percentage, which aligns perfectly with previous preclinical studies. Short stature was common (33%), likely due to advanced skeletal maturation. Endocrine-metabolic investigations showed thyroid dysregulation (22%; 9/41), elevated triglycerides, and decreased blood ammonia levels. Moreover, hand radiographs identified decreased bone mineralization (57%; 8/14) and negative ulnar variance (71%; 10/14). Our findings indicate a high (cardio)metabolic risk in KLFS. Therefore, we recommend monitoring of weight and endocrine-metabolic profile. Supporting a healthy lifestyle and screening of bone mineralization is advised. Our comprehensive results support translational research and contribute to a better understanding of MDEM-associated phenotypes.

Genetic variation in TAS2R38 bitterness receptor is associated with body composition in Korean females

Bitterness-receptor gene TAS2R38 is associated with taste sensitivity and dietary behaviour, and is known to play a critical role in adiposity. However, evidence regarding body composition from a large cohort is lacking. This study aimed to ascertain whether TAS2R38 rs10246939 C > T bitterness genetic variation is associated with body composition in Korean individuals. The TAS2R38 rs10246939 genotypes, anthropometric measurements, and body composition of 1,843 males and 1,801 females from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analysed. Findings suggested that there was a significant difference in body fat components by TAS2R38 genotype. Furthermore, the bitterness genotype exhibited a positive association with adiposity markers in females. The TT genotype showed greater body mass index, body fat percentage, and degree of obesity than those with the C allele. However, such an association was not observed in males. In conclusion, this study suggests that TAS2R38 rs10246939 is associated with fat tissue markers in Korean females.

Adaptation behaviors modify the effects of body fat on heat-related symptoms among Taiwanese elderly

BackgroundThe aging process increases body fat and susceptibility to heat-related illnesses. The relationship between body composition and symptoms associated with exposure to extreme heat among the elderly is unclear. Additionally, the influence of individual adaptive behaviors in mitigating these risks has not been adequately explored. ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the association between body composition and heat-related symptoms as well as the potential modifying effects of heat adaptation behavior. MethodsThe body composition of elderly individuals was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Face-to-face interviews were conducted a year later to determine the heat-related symptoms and adaptive behaviors practiced for the extremely hot days of the previous year. The association between body composition indices and the presence of more than two symptoms was assessed using logistic regression analysis, while stratified analysis and interaction term in models were used to evaluate the effect modifications of adaptive behaviors. ResultsOf the 859 participants, 16% reported more than two heat-related symptoms. Increased body fat mass index (fat mass in kg/squared height in meters) was associated with an elevated risk of more heat-related symptoms (odds ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.20). Each combination of staying indoors, using an umbrella and hat, and using air conditioning at noon reduced the risk association between body fat and symptoms. For females, a combination of reducing physical activity and staying indoors provided similar protective effect. Surprisingly, bathing more frequently in hot weather with heated instead of non-heated water augmented the risk correlation. Neither fan usage nor window opening displayed protective effects. ConclusionsElevated body fat levels, indicative of obesity, corresponded with an increased risk of heat-related symptoms. Integrating multiple adaptive behaviors can diminish the negative health impact of body fat on heat-induced symptoms. However, certain commonly adopted practices might not confer expected benefits.

Comparison of Body Composition Methods for Estimating Body Fat Percentage in Lower Limb Prosthesis Users.

There is a dearth of literature evaluating the accuracy of Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP) compared to Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) for assessing body composition in individuals with lower limb amputations. Validity of ADP in persons with lower limb amputations must be established. The objective of this study was to compare body composition in persons with lower limb amputations using the BOD POD® and DXA. Body composition was performed on eleven lower limb prosthesis users (age 53.2±14.3 years, weight 81.9±22.3kg) using ADP and DXA with and without prosthesis. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated no significant difference in body composition among and between trials, F(3,8)= 3.36, p= 0.075. There were no significant differences in Body Fat (BF) percentage with and without prostheses on the BOD POD (28.5±15.7% and 33.7±12.1%, respectively) nor the DXA (32.9±10.6% and 32.0±9.9%, respectively). Association between the BOD POD and DXA were greatest when prostheses were not worn compared to when they were worn. Bland-Altman plots indicate agreement between BOD POD® and DXA was greatest while wearing the prosthesis. This study is a first to compare total body fat percent between the BOD POD® and DXA in lower limb prosthesis users. BOD POD® report valid indices of BF%. Future work will utilize the BOD POD® in intervention studies for monitoring body composition changes across the continuum of rehabilitation.

Whole-body vibration may not affect bone mineral density and bone turnover in persons with chronic spinal cord injury: A preliminary study

Context Spinal-cord injury (SCI) induces bone loss and dramatically increases the risk of fracture. Objectives Determine the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on areal bone mineral density (aBMD), whole body composition and bone biological parameters in individuals with chronic-state SCI. Design Randomized study. Setting Centre Neurologique PROPARA. Participants Fourteen subjects were randomly assigned to a WBV or a control group. Interventions WBV (20–45 min, 30–45 Hz, 0.5 g) was performed in verticalized persons twice weekly for 6 months. Outcome Measures aBMD was measured by DXA at baseline and 6 months and bone biological parameters at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months. Results No significant aBMD change was found in either the WBV or control group after 6 months of follow-up. Similarly, periostin, sclerostin and bone turnover markers remained relatively stable throughout follow-up and no difference in variation was observed within-group and between groups. Except for whole-body fat mass, which showed a significant decrease in the WBV group compared to controls, no difference in changes was observed, whatever the localization for fat and lean body mass. Conclusions During the chronic phase, aBMD and bone remodeling reach a new steady state. However, the DXA technique and the bone markers, including sclerostin and periostin, both of which reflect bone cell activity influenced by mechanical strain, showed that the bone tissue of individuals with SCI was insensitive to 6 months of WBV training at the study dose. Nevertheless, results of this preliminary study that was underpowered need to be confirmed and other modalities of WBV may be more effective in improving aBMD of this population. Trials registration N°IDRCB:2011-A00224–37

Investigation of the Effect Of Eight-Week Aqua Fitness Exercises On Some Strength Parameters And Body Composition With Autism Spectrum Disorder

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of eight-week aqua fitness (AF) exercises on some strength parameters and body composition of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Twenty children with ASD, aged 5 to 9 years, who participated in basic physical activity training (BMT) for at least three months were enrolled in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: AF exercise group (AFG) and basic movement training group (BMTG). The AFG group was trained for 8 weeks (2 days per week) using AF, while the BMTG group completed basic movement training (BMT) exercises for 8 weeks (2 days per week). Before and after the training programs, the medicine ball throw, flexibility test, vertical jump, standing long jump, and body fat percentage of the participants were determined. The Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis of the study. The study measured a significant difference before and after the AF training program medicine ball throw (p=.005), sit and reach test (p=.005), vertical jump (p=.005), standing long jump (p=.005) and body fat percentage in AFG, before and after training. medicine ball throw (p=.564), vertical jump (p=.461), and standing long jump (p=.674) did not change in the BMTG group before and after training. Sit and reach (p=.039) and body fat percentage (p=.032) changed significantly in BMTG. AF exercises had a positive effect on some strength parameters and body composition in individuals with ASD. AF Exercises showed more effective results than BMT exercises in individuals with ASD

Body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight COVID-19 survivors in different severity degrees: a cohort study

COVID-19 sequelae are varied, and whether they are temporary or permanent is still unknown. Identifying these sequelae may guide therapeutic strategies to improve these individuals' recovery. This prospective cohort aimed to assess body composition, cardiopulmonary fitness, and long-term symptoms of overweight individuals affected by COVID-19. Participants (n = 90) were divided into three groups according to the severity of acute COVID-19: mild (no hospitalization), moderate (hospitalization, without oxygen support), and severe/critical cases (hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit). We assessed body composition with a tetrapolar multifrequency bioimpedance, hemodynamic variables (heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation-SpO2) at rest, and the Bruce test with direct gas exchange. Two assessments with a one-year interval were performed. The most prevalent long-term symptoms were memory deficit (66.7%), lack of concentration (51.7%), fatigue (65.6%), and dyspnea (40%). Bruce test presented a time effect with an increase in the distance walked after 1 year just for severe/critical group (p < 0.05). SpO2 was significantly lower in the severe/critical group up to 5 min after the Bruce test when compared to the mild group, and diastolic blood pressure at the end of the Bruce test was significantly higher in the severe/critical group when compared to mild group (p < 0.05; for all comparisons). A time effect was observed for body composition, with increased lean mass, skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass, and lean mass just for the severe/critical group after 1 year (p < 0.05). Cardiopulmonary fitness parameters did not differ among the groups, except for respiratory quotient with higher values for the severe/critical group when compared to itself after 1 year. All COVID-19 patients might present long-term sequelae, regardless of the acute disease severity. Reassessing and identifying the most prevalent long-term sequelae are essential to perform more precise health promotion interventions.

A Trend of High-Fat and Low-Carbohydrate Oral Nutritional Supplements on Body Composition and Handgrip Strength in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is linked to malnutrition, leading to abnormal body composition and handgrip strength. Avoiding an increased respiratory quotient during malnutrition correction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is crucial. This study investigates the impact of high-fat, low-carbohydrate oral nutritional supplements on the body composition and handgrip strength of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In our prospective intervention study, patients were randomly allocated to either the oral nutritional supplements or control groups. Both received dietary guidance and medication, while only the oral nutritional supplements group received high-fat, low-carbohydrate supplements. Body composition and handgrip strength were measured at baseline and 8 weeks later. Findings revealed that, after 8 weeks, the oral nutritional supplements group showed less handgrip strength improvement, a greater decrease in extracellular water ratio, and greater increases in weight, muscle, fat, and water compared to controls. In essence, oral nutritional supplement intervention appears to have a beneficial effect on body composition, especially in terms of muscle, fat, and water content, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. However, further studies with larger cohorts and extended durations are suggested to validate these findings.

Does Botulinum Toxin Injection Exacerbate Sarcopenia and Bone Mass in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy?

BackgroundBotulinum toxin (BoNT) causes sarcopenia and low bone mass in animal studies. Whether such effect exists in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is not clear yet. To investigate the influences of BoNT on grip strength (GS), skeletal muscle mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents with spastic CP, we conducted this uncontrolled longitudinal study. MethodsThe body composition of individuals with spastic CP were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at preinjection and at 12 and 24 weeks after BoNT intervention. Sarcopenia was defined as meeting both decreased GS and low muscle mass. Twenty-five participants were enrolled (mean age 8.5 years). ResultsBefore BoNT intervention, four adolescents had sarcopenia and low bone mass. When the body composition was analyzed as four limbs, trunk, and head, the skeletal muscle mass of the injected limbs, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and total body less head BMD increased significantly over 24-week follow-up period (P = 0.0117, 0.0032, 0.0229), whereas the GS remained unchanged. When the body composition was analyzed as segments derived from bilateral arms, forearms, hands, thighs, and lower legs, the skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.0113) but not BMD of the injected segments increased significantly over the 24 weeks. The prevalence of low muscle mass, decreased GS, sarcopenia, and low bone mass did not change over 24 weeks. ConclusionsThe present study showed that BoNT does not exacerbate sarcopenia and low bone mass in individuals with spastic CP.

Evaluation of Different Dietary Strategies on Body Composition in Individuals with Obesity

Obesity is a global health challenge. This study evaluated the effects of 4 dietary strategies on the body composition. Where 200 volunteers from southern Brazil were evaluated, 100 men and 100 women, between the ages of 20 and 50 and with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 30 kg/m2. Divided into 4 groups of dietary interventions: G1 – control diet, G2 – low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF), G3 – control diet with intermittent fasting (IF), G4 – low-carbohydrate high-fat with intermittent fasting (LCHF + IF). For 6 months, patients were monitored according to their body weight (BW), BMI, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (%BF), lean body mass (LBM), systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood glucose, and answered an assessment of adherence and satisfaction. The data was submitted to mixed linear model and multivariate analysis. No significant reduction in BW was observed, but all groups showed a reduction in WC. The caloric restriction with carbohydrate reduction (LCHF) and the application of IF caused a reduction in WC and %BF and resulted in improvement in glucose and SBP. Diets that include the application of LCHF (G2) and the use of IF (G4) show faster results and can end up generating more motivation to continue the diet. The application of an LCHF diet with IF protocols (G4) shows that there is indeed a potentiation of the results through IF application. IF was associated with the patients’ reduction in appetite, improved mood and well-being, and intention to continue the diet.

Association between forward head posture, sternocleidomastoid muscle thickness, and body composition in individuals with forward head posture

Association between forward head posture, sternocleidomastoid muscle thickness, and body composition in individuals with forward head posture

Effects Of 4-week Variable Resistance Lower Body Strengthening On Body Composition In Untrained Individuals

Effects Of 4-week Variable Resistance Lower Body Strengthening On Body Composition In Untrained Individuals

Modification of resting metabolism, body composition, and muscle strength after resolution of coronavirus disease 2019

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes changes that can influence human metabolism and modify the distribution of body compartments. We aimed to describe the clinical findings of changes in resting metabolism, muscle strength, and body composition in nonhospitalized patients after being diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Physically active patients were evaluated at a nutrition clinic, and indirect calorimetry (IC) and body composition analysis using portable ultrasound were performed. After a routine appointment, all patients were instructed to inform the staff if they tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our sample included individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), within 7 days of the routine appointment. After an average incubation period of 14-21 days, in which there was no proven transmission of disease by RT-PCR, all of the patients were re-evaluated. A total of 38 volunteers (63.2% female) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 37.3±8.8 years. The comparison between pre- and post-COVID-19 stratified by sex demonstrated significant reduction in the RMR and RMR adjusted for weight (p<0.0001) for both groups. Regarding body composition, there was a significant increase observed in fat mass in men (p<0.002) and women (p<0.01), and a significant reduction observed in fat-free mass (men: p<0.002; women: p<0.001) and skeletal muscle mass (men: p=0.003; women: p<0.0001). There was a significant difference between the change in the RMR measured by IC (p<0.0001) and that calculated by the predictive equation of Cunningham (1980) (p<0.0001), whereas the Harris and Benedict (1918) and Mifflin (1990) equations exhibited no difference. However, the mean difference in RMR between the post- and pre-COVID-19 calculated by the Cunningham equation was-40.4kcal/day (95% confidence interval [CI]:-56.38 to-24.45), whereas the mean difference measured by IC was-362.3kcal/day (95% CI:-452.7 to-271.9). This study describes the trends in the RMR, and body composition in individuals with COVID-19 who were not hospitalized from the pre-COVID-19 period to the post-COVID-19 period. A significant reduction in resting energy expenditure, and loss of fat-free mass and muscle mass in the post-COVID-19 period were observed in both men and women.