Board System Research Articles

Resilience evaluation of train control on-board system based on multi-dimensional continuous-time Bayesian network

The Bayesian network belongs to a commonly used model in the resilience research of Train Control on Board System (TCOBS). In the previous works, component failure is only considered to be affected by time, without showing the trend of resilience changing with time, and less attention paid to whether it can effectively recover to a usable state after failure. In this paper, we propose a multi-dimensional continuous-time Bayesian network to evaluate TCOBS resilience. Firstly, based on multi-dimensional influencing factors, the quantitative function of TCOBS component resilience is constructed. Secondly, the unit step function and impulse function are used to construct a multi-dimensional continuous-time Bayesian network, and the TCOBS resilience is derived and evaluated. A real-world case study is conducted by using the Chinese Train Control System-3 On-Board System as the background, two comparative experiments are conducted. The results show that, in addition to time factor, TCOBS resilience is also influenced by human and environmental factors. Therefore, to enhance the resilience of TCOBS, we should reduce failure rate and improve maintenance rate, and reduce the probability of human failure and environmental interference failure. The new model can find out the continuous trend of TCOBS resilience under the influence of multi-dimensional factors.

Resilience evaluation of train control on-board system considering common cause failure: Based on a beta-factor and continuous-time bayesian network model

Common cause failure is an inevitable factor in studying the reliability or resilience of a system with redundant structures. Train Control On Board System (TCOBS) is a typical redundant structural system. However, there are few studies on the resilience of TCOBS that consider the issue of common cause failure, which means the resilience assessment results might be imprecise. At the same time, previous TCOBS resilience evaluation works also have problems such as unreasonable resilience evaluation functions and low accuracy of resilience evaluation models. To address the above issues, in this paper, we firstly construct the Bayesian network structure of TCOBS and present the resilience function of TCOBS components. Secondly, a Beta-factor model is used to evaluate the common cause failure in TCOBS, and a continuous-time Bayesian network model is used to infer TCOBS resilience and the importance of each component. Finally, CTCS-3OBS is used as an example for case simulation and model comparison analysis. The results show that if the impact of common cause failure on TCOBS resilience is not considered, it will lead to a higher result of resilience assessment and significant differences in component importance assessment, both of which will lead to inaccurate formulation of TCOBS resilience improvement measures.

Dynamic performance of strategy for transitioning from conventional bottom otter trawling to semi-pelagic trawling through towing tank experiments and numerical simulations

An innovative trawling strategy for transitioning from conventional bottom trawling to semi-pelagic trawling (elevating the otter board but allowing the trawl net to contact the seabed) was developed to mitigate the effects of seabed impact, and its dynamic performance was evaluated. Experiments were carried out using a 1/18 scale physical model of the otter trawl at a speed of 0.6 m/s, and the warp length was tuned in the range of 4–8 m under constant-speed control of the trawl winch for validating the numerical simulations. Numerical simulations were then conducted to investigate the effects of towing speed and winch speed on the dynamic loads of the otter trawl system and movement of the otter board, eventually develop a fuzzy or proportion-integration-differentiation (PID) controller for the trawl system. Numerical results showed the sharp increase of the warp tension and the overshoot of the otter board at the constant-speed control occurred, and the magnitudes of both raised as the towing speed and winch speed increased. The otter board spread was significantly reduced during the transition to semi-pelagic trawling at a low towing speed. The use of fuzzy and PID control successfully eliminated the overshoot and diminished the high warp tension.

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAPAN SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR DUA VARIABEL TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN SISWA KELAS VIII

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of learning media board system of linear equations of two variables (SPLDV) on the understanding of 8th grade students. This research was conducted in September 2023, the first week to the third week, located at MTs Miftahul Ulum. In this study, the data normality test was carried out using the shapiro-wilk method where the results showed that the pre-test significance was 0.207 and the post-test was 0.202, which means that the data is normally distributed. Then the normality gain test was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the SPLDV board as a learning media with an average N-gain score of 0.6724 and the average N-gain percent was 63.8823%. Keywords: learning media, spldv, math

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAPAN SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR DUA VARIABEL TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN SISWA KELAS VIII

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of learning media board system of linear equations of two variables (SPLDV) on the understanding of 8th grade students. This research was conducted in September 2023, the first week to the third week, located at MTs Miftahul Ulum. In this study, the data normality test was carried out using the shapiro-wilk method where the results showed that the pre-test significance was 0.207 and the post-test was 0.202, which means that the data is normally distributed. Then the normality gain test was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the SPLDV board as a learning media with an average N-gain score of 0.6724 and the average N-gain percent was 63.8823%. Keywords: learning media, spldv, math

BUSY COMMISSIONERS AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: DO SHARIAH-COMPLIANT FIRMS MATTER?

The empirical literature on a one-tier board system has recently focused on busy directors, defined as directors holding multiple similar positions in more than one firm simultaneously. In the same spirit, this paper investigates the impact of busy commissioners (instead of busy directors) on firms' performance for the case of Indonesia, a country adopting a two-tier board system. We find that busy commissioners do not impact accounting performance but are negatively associated with market performance. The markets tend to react negatively to the presence of busy commissioners, while actually the firms are also not advantaged financially by their presence. Interestingly, we also find that Shariah-compliant firms tend to have better accounting performance but not with market performance. Our analysis further reveals that the negative impact of busy commissioners on market performance diminishes in non-Shariah-compliant firms. Perhaps, the different characteristics of Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant companies, wherein Shariah-compliant firms tend to restrict leverage and cash level, account for the results. These findings are robust across various regressions. This research calls on policymakers to enforce the regulation regarding commissioners to reduce its detrimental impact on performance. The regulators should also collaborate with relevant agencies to educate and promote the existence of Shariah-compliant firms in Indonesia.

Bio-inspired design of shock absorber for electronic board of satellite

In nature, various mechanisms help living organisms to survive. These mechanisms have been optimized over time in nature. Taking inspiration from these mechanisms in different industries can help solve problems. In this article, the chameleon tongue structure is used to reduce the shock on the electronic board of the satellite. To reduce the shock on the electronic board in the satellite, which is subjected to shock during launch and separation, a spring leg has been designed. To increase the range of frequency, in which the acceleration of the board is lower than the input acceleration, and also to improve this structure, conical springs were also investigated for the satellite board system. Various factors affecting shock transmission on the electronic board were investigated. The results show that at low frequencies (high shock duration), independent of the spring structure, the acceleration of the board is equal to the input acceleration. The results show that the designed spring legs reduce the amount of shock on the electronic board compared to the rod leg.

The landscape of accounting-related research in Indonesia: mapping distinctive settings and future research agenda

PurposeThis systematic literature review presents the evolution of accounting-related research in the Indonesian context. We examine 55 academic articles from the initial 296 records of accounting and finance research in the Q1 Scopus-indexed journals from 1995 to 2022. This study sheds light on Indonesia’s main research streams, unique settings and urgent future research agenda.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a systematic approach for a comprehensive literature review. We select articles according to a series of criteria and compile the metadata for the bibliographic mapping.FindingsOur bibliometric analysis suggests five main research streams, namely (1) political connection, (2) capital market, (3) audit and accountability, (4) firm policy and (5) banking. We identify the following distinctive country settings, which are well discussed in extant literature: political connection, two-tier board system, weak accounting profession, information opacity and cultural impact on accounting. We outline prospective agendas to examine the institutional mechanisms’ role in addressing major environmental challenges through accountability.Originality/valueThis study offers unique contributions to the literature by comprehensively reviewing accounting-related research in Indonesia. Despite Indonesia’s economic and environmental importance, it has received limited attention from scholars. Using dynamic topic analysis, we highlight the need to examine the role of informal institutions, such as political connections and culture and formal institutional mechanisms, such as corporate governance and environmental disclosure.

Real time AIS tracking system for fishermen using microcontroller-based approach

Fishing activities in the waters of Banyuwangi are relatively intense. Local fishermen often venture 50 nautical miles from the coastline using small boats. These boats are lacking adequate communication and navigation equipment, causing difficulties in obtaining assistance during emergencies. This study aims to develop an Automatic Identification System (AIS) device to be installed on fishing boats. The AIS device developed for this research incorporates the STM32F4 microcontroller, CMX7032 Evaluation Board, VHF Antenna, and Global Positioning System (GPS) as its main components. The integration and configuration of each component will be elaborated in this paper. Performance testing has yielded promising results, as the AIS device was capable of transmitting data up to 10 nautical miles from the Base Station. Utilization of AIS technology would enhance safety and communication among fishermen. Through careful integration and configuration of these components, the AIS device effectively ensures that the fishermen’s positions are accurately tracked and communicated. The successful development and testing of this device underscore its potential to bridge the communication gap, offering timely assistance and enhancing the overall safety of these seafarers.

RANCANG BANGUN INSTRUMEN PENGUKUR PASANG SURUT OTOMATIS PORTABEL (P2SOP) BERBASIS SISTEM ARDUINO DAN DATA LOGGER

The design of a portable automatic tide gauge instrument (P2SOP) based on the arduino system and data logger is an activity of designing and implementing an instrument that can measure sea level fluctuations during tides using an integrated mechatronics system between mechanical bodies, electronic systems in the form of input systems, processing system, output system in the form of an LCD (liquid crystal display) display and in the form of a data logger and a controlled program system. This P2SOP instrument has a mechanical body that functions as a shelter for electronic components and as a wave ripple damper so that tide level fluctuations are actually not affected by wind wave ripples. In the electronics system section, the input section uses the HC SR04 sensor, the processing system uses an integrated Arduino Uno board system and an RTC DS3231 timer system, for the output itself to be displayed in the form of an LCD (liquid crystal display) and stored in the Secure Digital Card module in the form of a data logger. It is hoped that with this P2SOP instrument in the future tide measurements can be carried out in an automated manner and minimize the occurrence of inaccurate measurement times and reading errors on manual tide measurements.

IPO Failure Case Study—The Case of Logicreation

China's economy has shifted from a high-speed development stage to a high-quality development stage, and there is an urgent need for scientific and technological innovation to promote high-quality development. Since August 24, 2020, when the first batch of enterprises under the registration system of the GEM board were listed on the market, as of August 20, 2023, a total of 345 enterprises on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange have terminated their IPOs, and the reasons for the failure of their IPOs are more or less the same. In this paper, we take Beijing Logicreation Information & Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Logicreation) as a case study to deeply investigate the reasons behind its IPO failure. By analyzing the information disclosed by the case company in the GEM audit, it is found that the reasons leading to Logicreation's failure to meet the requirements of the IPO audit can be broadly divided into two aspects. On the one hand, it is due to business compliance issues, while on the other hand, it also lies in its own unstable profitability. In view of the reasons for the failure of Logicreation's IPO, this paper suggests that the company should improve its internal control and clarify the relevant standards, improve its product structure and its profitability, so as to be ready for the next IPO filing. At the same time, it gives other enterprises to be listed a certain experience to learn from, and improves the chances of success of GEM IPO.

Role of Different Adjunctive Protective Devices to Reduce Operator Radiation Exposure in Percutaneous Coronary Procedures: The RAPTOR Study

Objective. To compare the relative effectiveness of different anti‐Rx devices in terms of radiation dose absorbed by operators during percutaneous coronary procedures (diagnostic or interventional). Background. Direct comparisons among different adjunctive anti‐Rx devices during percutaneous coronary procedures to reduce operator radiation exposure are lacking. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the last 200 percutaneous procedures performed by a single operator according to the use of adjunctive protective devices (group 1) or standard anti‐Rx setting (group 2). Subsequently, the procedures in group 1 have been divided according to the protective device utilized (homemade pelvic drape with under‐table curtain, or RADPAD drape, or the STAR System device, or the Rampart shield). The primary endpoint was the operator radiation dose at the thorax. Results. Groups 1 and 2 did not show significant differences in terms of anthropometric data or cardiovascular risk factors. The use of adjunctive anti‐Rx devices was associated with a significant reduction in operator radiation exposure compared to standard radioprotection (12.8 μSv [7–21] and 22.6 μSv [11–36], respectively; p < 0.0001). Globally, the anti‐Rx devices utilized were associated with a reduced operator radiation exposure (11.7 μSv [2–19] for homemade drapes, 13.5 μSv [9–29] for RADPAD drape, 15 μSv [11–30] for STAR Board System, and 8 μSv [5–19] for Rampart; p < 0.0001) with the homemade drapes and the Rampart system showing a lower operator exposure. Conclusions. The use of anti‐Rx devices during percutaneous coronary procedures is associated with a significant lower operator radiation exposure with the greater effect obtained with pelvic drapes and the Rampart system.

Interactive Game Development and Evaluation Based on Device-Free Pose Estimation Techniques

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in pose estimation methods. These methods can be broadly divided into two categories: device-based and device-free. Device-based methods, such as virtual reality data gloves and marker-based motion capture, are known for their accuracy. However, these require specific equipment, making them less accessible for the public. On the other hand, device-free methods need no device to recognize human movement. They usually use cameras and estimation algorithms to recognize the body parts. Owing to evolving artificial intelligence (AI) technology, estimation accuracy has increased and we adopt one of the device-free methods to develop two interactive games, “Brain Wall” and “Touch de Pose”. “Brain Wall” challenges players to imitate a silhouette, scoring them based on the accuracy of their pose compared to the silhouette using the Intersection over Union metric. The game encourages competitiveness and participation through a leader board system. “Touch de Pose” allows players to choose a pose theme and the players are required to position specific body parts within the displayed circles on the screen. “Touch de Pose” also includes real-time evaluation of the player’s pose and combines their image with themed background images generated by generative AI, some of which demonstrate the limitations of the technology. The games were showcased at a university open campus event, receiving overwhelmingly positive feedback: 95.6% satisfaction for “Brain Wall” and 98.1% for “Touch de Pose”. Our study shows that pose estimation-based interactive games show immense potential in generating interest in technology for those who are unfamiliar with information and communication technology. Additionally, the full-body engagement aspect of these games could also play a role in promoting physical activity as a regular habit.

Analisa dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi Service Control Board System pada PT. XYZ berbasis Web

The service control board is a tool used to monitor workshop conditions according to actual conditions. there is a difference in the status of the service unit on the service control board manual with the actual service unit status in the workshop, the distance between the foreman's office and the service advisor's office is quite far so the foreman has to come to the service registration office every time to update the service unit's status on the service control board manual, the customer has difficulty in read the service control board manual because it uses certain symbols. The service control board system information system is a solution to solve existing problems. With the creation of a service control board system, the processes and procedures for updating service unit status will be more effective and efficient and the information displayed will be more accurate and real-time.

Modular Open-Source Design of Pyrolysis Reactor Monitoring and Control Electronics

Industrial pilot projects often rely on proprietary and expensive electronic hardware to control and monitor experiments. This raises costs and retards innovation. Open-source hardware tools exist for implementing these processes individually; however, they are not easily integrated with other designs. The Broadly Reconfigurable and Expandable Automation Device (BREAD) is a framework that provides many open-source devices which can be connected to create more complex data acquisition and control systems. This article explores the feasibility of using BREAD plug-and-play open hardware to quickly design and test monitoring and control electronics for an industrial materials processing prototype pyrolysis reactor. Generally, pilot-scale pyrolysis plants are expensive custom designed systems. The plug-and-play prototype approach was first tested by connecting it to the pyrolysis reactor and ensuring that it can measure temperature and actuate heaters and a stirring motor. Next, a single circuit board system was created and tested using the designs from the BREAD prototype to reduce the number of microcontrollers required. Both open-source control systems were capable of reliably running the pyrolysis reactor continuously, achieving equivalent performance to a state-of-the-art commercial controller with a ten-fold reduction in the overall cost of control. Open-source, plug-and-play hardware provides a reliable avenue for researchers to quickly develop data acquisition and control electronics for industrial-scale experiments.

Electromagnetic radiation from electrically driven vehicles

The problem of electromagnetic radiation of vehicles exists and worries people, because it is not clear what is the safe level of frequency, intensity, time spent by drivers and passengers in vehicles, etc. The article is devoted to the disclosure of the problems of adverse effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of modern hybrid and electric vehicles on drivers, passengers, pedestrians and the environment. The purpose of the study was to investigate the process of occurrence, propagation and impact of negative functions of electromagnetic radiation on biological objects, their propagation speed, flicker, wavelength and frequency, and radiation devices in electric and hybrid vehicles. The methodology of the article is based on the results of research by scientists from around the world and our own research and experiments, the results of which are presented in this article. The results of the scientific work are reviewed from researchers on this topic and their own tests are described The authors point out the need to measure electromagnetic radiation at the stages of their operation, repair and manufacture, since these vehicles running on electric traction generate magnetic fields that can violate electromagnetic safety. This is because electric vehicles have power plants, sensors, control, information and communication systems. Electric currents flowing through electric motors, power circuits, and batteries while driving generate magnetic fields (MFs) in the low frequency ranges (ultra low frequency (ULF), 0.001 - 10 Hz; extremely low frequency (ELF), 10 - 300 Hz).Higher harmonics of the electric field in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are generated by various electronic devices on board, information and communication systems. For example, in hybrid vehicles, magnetic pulses of up to 5 kHz are generated when the internal combustion engine is switched to electric mode. In addition, all types of cars generate a low-frequency pulsating magnetic field when the steel wheel disks rotate. The frequency f of this field is determined by the wheel speed and is usually f 20 Hz, but the spectrum also contains harmonics. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the concept of modeling and optimization of electromagnetic hazard assessment of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles is presented, which has a unified approach to the study of the magnetic field regardless of the structure and design schemes of their power plants at the stage of operation; for the first time methods for assessing important parameters of the magnetic field of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles at the stage of operation are developed based on the concept of optimal control of the power plant depending on the operating conditions. The practical significance is the originality, which lies in the fact that the authors have considered the problems of determining the moment of occurrence of traffic hazards in various road and transport situations and the technical hazards of various types of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles.

A Fully Elastic Wearable Electrochemical Sweat Detection System of Tree-Bionic Microfluidic Structure for Real-Time Monitoring.

Fresh sweat contains a diverse range of physiological indicators that can effectively reflect changes in the body. However, existing wearable sweat detection systems face challenges in efficiently collecting and detecting fresh sweat in real-time. Additionally, they often lack the necessary deformation capabilities, resulting in discomfort for the wearer. Here, a fully elastic wearable electrochemical sweat detection system is developed that integrates a sweat-collecting microfluidic chip, a multi-parameter electrochemical sensor, a micro-heater, and a sweat detection elastic circuit board system. The unique tree-bionic structure of the microfluidic chip significantly enhances the efficiency of fresh sweat collection and discharge, enabling real-time detection by the electrochemical sensors. The sweat multi-parameter electrochemical sensor offers high-precision and high-sensitivity measurements of sodium ions, potassium ions, lactate, and glucose. The electronic system is built on an elastic circuit board that matches perfectly to wrinkled skin, ensuring improved wearing comfort and enabling multi-channel data sampling, processing, and wireless transmission. This state-of-the-art system represents a significant advancement in the field of elastic wearable sweat detection and holds promising potential for extending its capabilities to the detection of other sweat markers or various wearable applications.

The nexus between female directors and corporate cash holdings: Evidence from Indonesia

In the last decade, gender diversity on boards or women in the boardroom has gained the attention of academics and practitioners. This paper aims to explore how women directors affect corporate cash holdings in Indonesia. This study utilizes data on Kompas 100 index firms for 2014–2021. A fixed-effect estimator is used to analyze data. The study reveals that female directors positively influence cash holdings. This finding remains robust when employing an alternative proxy for female directors and excluding observations during the COVID-19 period. Additionally, the findings indicate notable variations in cash holdings between companies with and without female directors. Regarding control variables, a firm’s cash holdings are negatively influenced by board size, leverage, company size, and net working capital. Firm profitability and growth opportunities positively influence cash holdings. This paper also documents that institutional ownership weakens the nexus between female directors and cash holding. The findings highlight that female directors hold higher amounts of cash because of their increased risk aversion. This study enriches the discussion on female directors and cash-holding levels in a developing country with a two-tiered board system. AcknowledgmentsThis study is not funded by any funding agency.

Quantifying acoustic performance and embodied carbon of acoustic solutions for mass timber buildings: Comparing common approaches around the globe

As mass timber continues to increase in popularity as a building method to shifting away from high embodied carbon concrete structures to utilize wood as a renewable and lower embodied material. As whole building life cycle assessments (LCA) become more essential in meeting environmental emissions targets and qualifying for sustainability linked financing, quantifying the embodied carbon of both the structure and all other elements is necessary. The acoustic challenges of mass timber have been well documented and studied in previous works with a range of solutions now commonly utilized. Like most elements of construction, regionality results in different techniques being more popular and practical in different parts of the world. This work will compare the airborne and structure borne sound transmission and associated embodied carbon of four common acoustic designs for mass timber construction: floating concrete toppings, isolated board and batten floor systems, isolated dry floor linings, and raised access floors.

Do Independent Directors Affect Real Earnings Management Practices? The Case of Indonesian Two-Tier Board System

The question regarding the role of independent directors in corporate governance in general and in limiting real earnings management practices in particular has long been debated. This study, therefore, attempts to address this question by investigating the influence of independent directors on real earnings management (REM) from the perspective of Indonesian two-tier board system.