Board Of Directors Research Articles

Perspective of Sharia Economic Law and Positive Law for Non-Cash Payment Qris Users in Indonesia According to The SDG

Objective: In the practice of digital payment method transactions using QR codes, it is necessary to be careful about counterfeiting QR codes by parties who violate the law or are irresponsible. Theoretical Framework: This research aims to explain and analyze legal protection for consumers in non-cash payment transactions based on QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) Positive Legal Perspective and Sharia Economic Law Perspective with a normative juridical approach. Method: In this research the author uses a statutory approach in carrying out normative research. This approach relies on various legal bases studied, which in this case relate to regulations regarding legal protection for consumers in QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) based non-cash payment transactions, Positive Law and Sharia Economic Law Perspectives. Results and Discussion: Research results Analysis of Legal Protection for Consumers in Non-Cash Payment Transactions Based on QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) Positive Legal Perspective relates to preventive legal protection, apart from the general regulations regarding consumer protection contained in the Consumer Protection Law no. 8 of 1999, for QRIS consumers there are significant regulations that govern. Bank Indonesia has issued Regulations for Members of the Board of Governors 21/18/PADG/2019 concerning Implementation of the National Standard Quick Response Code, Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 22/20/PBI/2020 concerning Bank Indonesia Consumer Protection, Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 18/40/PBI/ 2016 concerning Implementation of Payment Transaction Processing, Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 20/6/PBI/2018 concerning Electronic Money. Research Implications: Then, based on the Sharia Economic Law Perspective, it is reviewed from the sadd dzari'ah theory regarding the collection of personal data, which was originally permitted because it contained benefits, but in terms of the goals to be achieved, it could potentially end in loss and harm if there was no protection from the Government. Originality/Value: Efforts to protect personal data are very important because if it is not regulated by law, there is a possibility of personal data being leaked. Therefore, it is potentially dangerous when the protection of personal data is not regulated in law which is very detrimental to consumers due to the risk of unintentional breaches.

The EAO Junior Committee—History, present and future activities

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the evolution and aims of the European Association for Osseointegration (EAO) Junior Committee (JC).Materials and MethodsFormer members of the EAO JC and members of the board were interviewed, and current projects and initiatives were summarized.ResultsThe EAO JC was launched in 2007 as the first young committee in Europe. Despite initial skepticism, it became a famous initiative, and the concept was copied by other dental and medical associations and societies. Since 2010, the committee organizes summer camps allowing young talents to discuss, network and interact beyond traditional boundaries.ConclusionsThe EAO JC is giving fresh energy to the entire society and provides education and network opportunities for young clinicians and scientists.

How are Allied Health Professionals represented at board level in NHS Trusts in the West Midlands?

PurposeAllied Health Professionals (AHPs) are the third largest professional group in the National Health Service (NHS). This qualitative study aimed to establish the representation of AHPs at NHS Trust board level.Design/methodology/approachExamination of public Trust board minutes and Care Quality Commission (CQC) reports from a sample of NHS provider Trusts in the West Midlands. One reviewer extracted data concerning all details pertaining to professional staffing groups.FindingsA stark picture of under-representation which is statistically significant emerges. AHP representation to Trust boards via public board meetings was 7% for AHPs, compared to 41% for doctors and 52% for nurses. There were similar results with CQC reports, with the representation of AHPs at 11%, whilst doctors and nurses were significantly higher at 42 and 47%, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe data gathered for this paper was from a small number of NHS provider Trusts in the West Midlands of England, which can be considered a limitation of the study. However, the results of this study are stark and provide a compelling snapshot of the significant under-representation of AHPs to those NHS Trust boards included.Practical implicationsAHPs are a significant staff group within the NHS; their representation at board level is of benefit to the Trust boards both in terms of engaging with staff and in terms of managing quality and risk. Recommendations are made that Trust boards ensure they have a board member with responsibility for AHPs who actively engages with, understands and provides challenge, and that the CQC considers the inclusion of examples of AHP activity and staffing levels in their inspection, and that these are confirmed with senior AHPs in the organisation being inspected.Originality/valueThis is an original paper and is the first to address the representation of AHPs at Trust board via consideration of board papers and CQC reports, providing a platform for further consideration.

Evaluating industry payments to editorial board members of otolaryngology journals

ObjectiveTo evaluate the extent of payments from medical device and pharmaceutical companies to editorial board members of leading otolaryngology journals. MethodsEditorial board members of the top 10 otolaryngology journals from Google Scholar rankings were identified in this cross-sectional study.Payments between 2017 and 2022 were identified via the Open Payments Database from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. All payment data was adjusted for inflation in 2022 US dollars. Descriptive analyses were performed and journal websites were evaluated for individual editor disclosures. ResultsOut of 581 board members, 306 (53 %) received industry payments between 2017 and 2022, median journal percentage 55 % (interquartile range: 26.5 %–73.5 %). A sum of $45.8 million was paid out between 2017 and 2022, comprising $32.0 million in associated research funding, $1.2 million in research payments, $1.4 million in ownership and investment interests, and $11.2 million in general payments. The largest general payments were made out for “services other than consulting and speaking” ($3.9 million), “consulting” ($3.8 million), “travel and lodging” ($0.99 million), “education” ($0.87 million), “royalty or license” ($0.56 million), and “food and beverage” ($0.55 million). Individual editor disclosures were only available for International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology (9 % of all included editors). ConclusionsIndustry payments to editors of otolaryngology journals are not uncommon. We highlight the need for improved reporting of individual editor disclosures for transparency to journal readers and for minimizing biased editorial decisions.

Women’s Leadership in Fintech: Cross-Country Evidence

Abstract This paper provides key insights into women’s representation in the fintech industry, and descriptively examines the association between female leadership and firm performance in this industry. Using novel data from fintech firms in over 80 countries, we find that women leaders in this industry remain scarce. Our analysis reveals that firms founded by women are associated with lower firm performance as measured by their estimated revenue and funding acquired, especially for small firms. On the other hand, there is a positive association between gender diversity in executive board and firm performance, especially for mid-to-large sized firms.

Characteristics of the Board of Commissioners, Directors, and Financial Distress

Characteristics of the Board of Commissioners, Directors, and Financial Distress

College President Departure After No-Confidence Votes: An Event History Analysis

ABSTRACT Faculty-led no-confidence votes against college presidents have increased over the past decade. These votes often aim to create conditions that lead to the president’s departure. In this study, I used event history analysis to investigate the influence of faculty-led no-confidence votes on the tenure of college presidents. The analysis reveals that nearly 70% of presidents leave their positions within four semesters of a no-confidence vote. The study further explores the influence of various factors, including institutional and presidential characteristics, on the likelihood of presidential departure after no-confidence votes. The results indicate that student enrollment size is the only significant predictor, with smaller institutions more likely to experience leadership turnover following a vote. The study concludes that no-confidence votes are a powerful tool for facilitating presidential change across diverse institutional types. These findings have important implications for faculty governance bodies and boards of trustees, highlighting the need for strategic planning in response to such votes.

Internal versus external CEO hires: key differences

PurposeHistorically, most CEOs were promoted from within the organization. The internal candidates offer continuity, are well known to the Board, and have deep institutional knowledge. However, if the Board is seeking changes to the firm’s strategy, operations, or culture, they turn to outside candidates with proven track records. Shareholders react positively to the announcement of an external successor but the longer-term evidence on the performance front is mixed. Most empirical studies have tended to focus on a narrow aspect of the hiring choice, whereas we undertake a more holistic examination involving various elements.Design/methodology/approachWe consider the salience of the CEO hiring choice from several perspectives: educational background, gender, compensation, and firm performance. We use a propensity score matching approach to ensure comparability between internally promoted and externally hired CEOs. The observed covariates for the matching algorithm include firm size, CEO tenure, and industry sector.FindingsWe find that external CEOs are significantly more likely to have received their undergraduate degree from an elite institution, majored in a STEM discipline, and earned an MBA credential. They earn higher total compensation (with a higher proportion of equity-linked performance pay) but do not outperform in terms of the ROA or Tobin’s Q metrics. Gender does not appear to play a distinguishing role in the internal versus external hiring choice. We also do not detect significant differences in firm performance outcomes associated with educational pedigree, a STEM education, or an MBA credential, whether the CEO is internally promoted or hired externally.Originality/valueOur paper contributes by providing novel evidence on the impact of educational background on external CEO hiring decisions. Our findings carry implications for testing hypotheses stemming from signaling theory and exploring the significant role of social networks associated with elite educational institutions. Also, the finding that externally appointed CEOs do not outperform their internally promoted counterparts may be noteworthy for corporate boards' hiring committees, especially when reviewing candidates who are edge cases.

The Impact of Board Gender Diversity on European Firms’ Performance: The Moderating Role of Liquidity

This study examines how board gender diversity affects listed non-financial European companies’ financial performance. Data from the Refinitiv Eikon Platform—LSEG and World Bank databases was used to complete the analysis. The total sample included 4257 companies for the period 2011–2023. This study examined board gender diversity and its interaction with liquidity while controlling for board characteristics such as board size, independence, and board meetings. Controlling for firm characteristics (firm size and leverage) and macroeconomic variables like inflation and GDP. This study estimated the connection using panel regression. Due to Hausman test significance, fixed effect estimation was used. The findings demonstrated a notable and favorable influence of board features, such as gender diversity, board independence, and board size, on European nonfinancial companies. Additionally, liquidity positively affects firm performance. Furthermore, the findings indicated that leverage had a significant negative impact on profitability. Finally, both the size and GDP have a significant beneficial impact on profitability. Our findings indicate that an increased representation of women on the board of directors is associated with greater independence among board members and a higher number of board members being hired. This, in turn, has a positive impact on profitability due to the extensive experience shared among board members. Additionally, this leads to improved governance, enabling better control over decisions and a greater focus on the long-term investment strategy of the company. Our results are robust, as are similar results reported by the GMM regression.

The Role of Company Board Diversity in Corporate Adoption of Digital Inclusion Policies in the US

Objective The digital divide is increasingly becoming a source of social and economic inequality, as access to digital technologies remains limited for many populations. In response, digital inclusion initiatives have emerged to bridge this gap and provide more equal access to digital resources. These initiatives have gained significant traction in the corporate world, as companies recognise the importance of digital inclusion in expanding their customer base and fulfilling their corporate social responsibilities. However, there is limited research on the company-specific factors that influence the adoption of digital inclusion policies in companies. Methodology Using data from the ISS ESG dataset, we apply panel data methods to analyse more than a hundred technology and media companies between 2016 and 2021. Results Our findings reveal that minority CEOs and Presidents and higher representation of women on the board of directors are positively associated with increased adoption of digital inclusion policies. The results of our study extend previous research on digital inclusion/divide and determinants of ESG scored. We provide valuable insights on the role of board diversity in the adoption of digital inclusion policies and underscores the importance of diversity and inclusion in shaping equitable technology access. Limitations and Implications While this is the first study to address the determinants of corporate digital inclusion policies, its limitations are the use of a single dataset (ISS) measuring the ESG scores and the relatively low number of observations. Originality / Contribution This paper addresses this gap by exploring the impact of corporate board diversity (in particular, gender and racial/ethnic diversity) on the adoption of digital inclusion policies by US companies. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to investigate this relationship.

Synergizing AI and business: Maximizing innovation, creativity, decision precision, and operational efficiency in high-tech enterprises

The study was conducted on 125 US based high-tech firms from software engineering, hardware production, biotechnology, and telecommunications. Senior-level executives, including CEOs, board members, and CTOs, provided insights through structured questionnaires. Key findings indicate that AI adoption significantly enhances organizational capabilities in terms of employees’ innovation, creativity, and experimentation. Moreover, AI adaptation positively impacts decision making thus yielding more accurate and timely valuable decisions. These findings contribute to both theoretical understanding and managerial practice by guiding strategic investments in AI technologies, fostering innovation, and advocating for ethical AI deployment practices. Future study should examine longitudinal impacts across industries and regions to optimize benefits and minimize risks in digital transformation efforts. It should also integrate qualitative methods for deeper insights and appropriate AI governance systems.

Standards for conducting and reporting consensus and recommendation documents: European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology policy from the Guidelines Committee

Cardiovascular imaging is exponentially increasing in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic management of patients with cardiovascular disease. The European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) is a non-profit scientific medical society dedicated to promoting and coordinating activities in cardiovascular imaging. The purpose of this paper, written by ESCR committees and Executive board members and approved by the ESCR Executive Board and Guidelines committee, is to codify a standardized approach to creating ESCR scientific documents. Indeed, consensus development methods must be adopted to ensure transparent decision-making that optimizes national and global health and reaches a certain scientific credibility. ESCR consensus documents developed based on a rigorous methodology will improve their scientific impact on the management of patients with cardiac involvement.Critical relevance statementThis document aims to codify the methodology for producing consensus documents of the ESCR. These ESCR indications will broaden the scientific quality and credibility of further publications and, consequently, the impact on the diagnostic management of patients with cardiac involvement.Key PointsCardiovascular imaging is exponentially increasing for diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic management.The ESCR is committed to promoting cardiovascular imaging.A rigorous methodology for ESCR consensus documents will improve their scientific impact.

How do parole boards respond to large, societal shocks? Evidence from the 9/11 terrorist attacks

We provide the first evidence of the impact of 9/11 on outcomes for Muslims in the US criminal justice system. We focus on parole outcomes of Black Muslim men in the state of Georgia, and find large post-9/11 declines in the likelihood of being granted parole and a subsequent 23% relative increase in prison time for Muslim inmates. These impacts persisted for several years after 9/11 and were larger for inmates with higher levels of recidivism risk. We argue that these effects reflect unwarranted disparities driven by the decision-making of parole board members post-9/11.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion on Editorial Boards of Medical Student Journals.

Ensuring diversity within the healthcare sector is essential for improving team dynamics and ultimately patient outcomes. Diversity among medical students is fundamental to embody this philosophy. With the demand for diversity in the admissions process gaining traction, the authors expanded this conversation to the editorial boards (EBs) of Medical Student Journals (MSJs). The authors designed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the diversity status of EBs of MSJs under gender, geographic, and socioeconomic parameters using the Journal Diversity Index (JDI). Relevant information regarding the journal characteristics and the editorial board members (EBMs) of systematically screened journals was sequentially extracted along with job roles, which were later categorized into eight categories. Chi-squared test was applied to study the association between gender of the editor and the global distributionof the journal. Out of 22 included journals, 90.9% were published by institutions based in high-income countries (HICs). On regional analysis, none of the journals originated from "South Asia," "Latin America and the Caribbean," and "Middle East and North Africa". Disparity in gender representation of EBMs became more prominent in senior roles. Additionally, 78.8% EBMs belonged to HICs. Regional analysis of EBMs revealed 83% belonging to the Global North. This disparity was seen across all editorial job roles. A greater disparity was seen among editors from the Global South with men comprising 66.4% of the total editors (p<0.001). On JDI, 95.5% journals demonstrated poor diversity. Moreover, 72.7% and 77.3% journals had all members of the EB belonging to the same region and the same country income level respectively. As EBs of MSJs offer opportunities for further advancement, networking, and promotion, a commitment to prioritizing diversity, equity, and inclusion accompanied by development and implementation of actionable plans and allocation of sufficient resources should be given precedence.

The Influence of Directors’ Characteristics on the Social Performance of Sharia Banking in Indonesia

The primary objective of this study is to furnish empirical proof relating to the influence of characteristics of board directors on social performance (SP). The sample utilized in this study comprises Sharia banking companies in Indonesia that were listed by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) between 2008 and 2019, yielding a total of 134 observations. The sample selection utilized the purposive sampling technique combined with panel data analysis. The findings of this study demonstrate that the characteristics of board directors, as indicated by the number of board members and their educational backgrounds, exert a good influence on the social performance of Sharia banking in Indonesia. Conversely, the characteristics of board directors, specifically the presence of female directors, the educational level of board members, and their age do not exert any influence on the social performance of Sharia banking in Indonesia.

Mulheres no Conselho de Administração e a divulgação de gênero à luz da Teoria do Tokenismo

The study examined the impact of minority representation, specifically women on corporate boards, on disclosing gender-related Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) information. Data from 2,199 companies across 52 countries during 2010-2017 were analyzed. Using the Tukey-Kramer Post-Hoc test and pooled OLS regressions, the study revealed that a significant female presence positively influences gender-related CSR disclosure when it reaches a certain threshold. Conversely, in boards with low female representation, CSR disclosure is limited. The study contributes by discussing the importance of the presence of minority groups on the board of directors, relying on the Tokenism Theory. Furthermore, it supports the improvement of public policies for minorities and encourages conduct that seeks equal representation of women on boards.

Board monitoring and corporate disclosure: the role of the institutional environment and firm-level governance

PurposeThis article aims to answer two research questions that remain controversial in the accounting and corporate governance literature: (1) how corporate disclosure is related to board monitoring and (2) how this link is affected by the institutional environment and firm-level governance.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on S&amp;P data on corporate disclosure by Russian companies collected over 2002–2010 and supplemented by information from the SKRIN database. The dataset covers 125 non-financial companies, with 559 observations in total. We use three indicators of board monitoring: the percentage of non-executive directors, a dummy for two-tier boards, and a dummy for an audit committee. The firm’s governance is proxied by a dummy for single class stock, while the institutional environment is proxied by a dummy for ADRs/GDRs. We apply conventional methods of panel data analysis with several robustness checks, including the random- and fixed-effects models, 2SLS that addresses the potential endogeneity of board composition, alternative definitions of the dependent variable, and an extended list of controls.FindingsWe find a positive (complementary) relationship between the amount of disclosure and the proxies for board monitoring employed. This complementary relationship turns out to be the strongest among companies that have better internal governance but face a weaker institutional environment. There is little evidence of such complementarity under strong institutions.Practical implicationsThe findings may be of interest to investors and policymakers. As to the former, the results warn of firms that provide limited disclosure in the presence of strong corporate governance arrangements, such as independent boards, as these factors are not substitutes for each other. As to the latter, the results support comprehensive policies aimed at simultaneous improvements in both board governance and corporate disclosure in weak institutional settings.Originality/valueThis paper uses a unique setting and rich, partly proprietary data to extend the existing literature on the relationship between corporate disclosure and board monitoring, with an emphasis on the moderating role of the institutional environment and firm-level governance. It is also one of the very few studies of corporate disclosure in Russia, an important emerging economy of the early 2000s.

The Effect of Board of Directors' Diversity on Financial Distress in Energy Companies in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of board diversity in the form of the presence of female directors, the presence of foreign directors, the age of directors and the size of the board of directors against the risk of financial distress by conducting logistic regression testing on energy sector companies in Indonesia during 2018-2022. The results showed that the presence of female directors and the size of the board of directors negatively affected the risk of financial distress. Further research can test separately the period before the pandemic and after the pandemic so that the characteristics of each can be known in more detail. In addition, it can add cognitive diversity factors such as education, expertise and tenure of directors. This research can be used as a reference to determine non-financial factors that can affect the possibility of financial distress experienced by the company.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, FIRM SIZE DAN EARNINGS MANAGEMENT

The aims of this research is to determine empirical evidence regarding the influence of corporate governance, firm size, leverage, sales growth as independent variable to earnings management as dependent variable in listed consumer cyclical and non-cyclical companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange . Earnings management variable in this research was measured using the Modified Jones Model developed by Dechow et al. This research used a sample of 108 consumer cyclical and non-cyclical sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022 by purposive sampling method. This research uses multiple regression method to determine relation between each independent variable to variable dependent. The results of this research show that independent variables such as board of director’s, auditor’s size, firm performance and firm size have effect on earnings management, while other independent variables such as managerial ownership, leverage, sales growth, and audit committee have no effect on earnings management.

CEO hubris and corporate carbon footprint: The role of gender diversity

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of an overconfident CEO on firm greenhouse gas emissions. Using panel data of 160,115 firm‐year observations from 41 countries for 2000–2021, we find a negative relationship between CEO overconfidence and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, drawing on the theories of gender socialisation and diversity, we find that great representation of females on the board further compels overconfident CEOs to reduce firm carbon emissions. Our findings are robust to varying estimation techniques and identification strategies. These findings offer important insights to green investors, corporate boards, managers and policymakers on the role of overconfident CEOs and female leadership in the carbon abatement efforts of public companies.