BMW Group Research Articles

Analysing the impact of sustainability initiatives and practices in the British Automobile Industry – A Comparison between BMW Group and Tesla

Analysing the impact of sustainability initiatives and practices in the British Automobile Industry – A Comparison between BMW Group and Tesla

The Springback Effect in Pre-Densified Sulfidic Solid Electrolyte/Binder-Sheets and Their Implication as Separators in All-Solid-State Batteries – a First Approach

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are expected to revolutionize the Li-ion battery landscape thanks to multiple benefits, such as improving both intrinsic safety and potentially enabling high energy anode concepts.[1,2,3] Amongst the variety of possible solid electrolyte (SE) materials for ASSBs, sulfidic electrolytes are considered particularly advantageous, as they possess high ionic conductivities and beneficial mechanical plasticity, allowing their pre-densification by uniaxial cold pressing at high fabrication pressures (p fab).[4] However, one bottleneck of sulfidic ASSBs compared to conventional liquid-electrolyte batteries is the necessity of a certain operating pressure to provide/maintain an intimate mechanical contact between the various materials during materials characterization measurements (e.g., SE conductivity measurements) and/or battery cycling. For these, a special cell setup is required that is hermetically sealed and facilitates a defined and, ideally, variable application of different compressions (operating pressure, p oper) on the sample/cell stack.[5] Typically, ASSB characterization cells possess a defined circular geometry, whereby the components are placed in an inert polymer containment (e.g. a PEEK tube) and are electrically contacted via metal dies.[2,5,6] However, a problem which is often neglected in the literature is the poor solid-solid contact of pre-densified SE pellets (done at a high p fab) and mechanically hard current collector dies to contact the sample for impedance measurements. This leads to impedance artifacts and potentially inaccurately determined solid electrolyte Li+-ion conductivities (σ Li).[2] In this contribution, we firstly describe a novel ASSB cell setup enabling the artifact-free measurement of the ionic conductivity of pre-densified SE-binder sheets in rigid cell matrices. By applying this setup, we could decouple effects from fabrication pressure and operating pressure, providing the basis for determining the correlation between the SE separator porosity and its Li+-ion conductivity, comparing it to the correlations predicted by the Bruggeman equation.We use sheet-type separators consisting of Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) solid electrolyte and different amounts and types of binder, such as hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) and polyisobutylene (PIB), prepared by a slurry-based process.[5] By means of potential-controlled electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS), the impact of different p fab and p oper on the Li+-ion conductivity of the LPSCl/binder-sheet separators are investigated. As a result, we show that densifying the SE separator sheets at a high p fab, resulting in a low residual porosity, can be used to increase their conductivity at lower p oper. However, a phenomenon which is not reported in such detail so far, is the sensitivity of the measured σ Li of pre-densified LPSCl/binder-sheet separators regarding the p oper. While for pure pre-densified SE powder pellets only a negligible sensitivity regarding the p oper was observed,[2] scalable pre-densified LPSCl/binder-sheet separators show a strong correlation between p oper and measured σ Li.The extent of this phenomenon can be traced back to a “springback” effect, wherby the release of pressure after fabrication a dense binder-sheet separator leads to an apparent decrease in conductivity. We found a clear trend between the binder amount and the extent of this springback effect in LPSCl/binder-sheets and how this affects σ Li at different p oper. Furthermore, to deepen the knowledge about this springback effect, we also investigated the extent of the springback effect on the type of binder (HNBR vs. PIB) and its molecular weight (PIB OPPANOL N50 vs. PIB OPPANOL N150).Additionally, to fully understand different contributions of the pressures and springback to the overall separator impedance, we used PEIS measurements at a very low temperature (-70°C) and a measurement cell with a negligible stray capacitance to clearly distinguish between SE bulk, grain boundary, and springback effects as well as contact resistances, in the impedance spectra for such LPSCl/binder-sheets.Lastly, we evaluate how the springback effect contributes to an overall full-cell impedance in LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2|LiIn half-cells and provide a guideline to overcome contact resistances for pre-densified sheet-type ASSB cell components. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that the springback effect contributes to the overall impedance not only in pure SE impedance measurements, but also in half-cells and cannot be neglected when characterizing slurry-coated SE/binder separators-sheets.[1] J. Janek and W. G. Zeier, Nature Energy, 1, 16141, (2016).[2] J.-M. Doux et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 8, 5049 (2020).[3] S. Cangaz et al., Adv. Energy Mater., 2001320 (2020).[4] Z. Deng et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 163, A67 (2015).[5] C. Sedlmeier, T. Kutsch et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 169, 070508, (2022).[6] W. Zhang et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9, 17835 (2017). Acknowledgements: This work was carried out as part of the project "Industrialisierbarkeit Festkörperelektrolyte", funded by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy and also supported by the BMW Group.

Winner: BMW Group FMD

Test Facility of the Year This category recognises the most impressive new developments and investments at proving grounds and test tracks, as well as facilities offering the use of dynamics test equipment

Counting lattices in products of trees

A BMW group of degree (m,n) is a group that acts simply transitively on vertices of the product of two regular trees of degrees m and n . We show that the number of commensurability classes of BMW groups of degree (m,n) is bounded between (mn)^{\alpha mn} and (mn)^{\beta mn} for some 0<\alpha<\beta . In fact, we show that the same bounds hold for virtually simple BMW groups. We introduce a random model for BMW groups of degree (m,n) and show that asymptotically almost surely a random BMW group in this model is irreducible and hereditarily just-infinite.

Financial Analysis and Valuation on BMW

The BMW Group is currently top producers of luxury automobiles. The BMW Group is renowned for its dedication to technological advancement, as well as its emphasis on environmental responsibility and sustainability. This essay aims to figure out whether investing in BMW Group is a good choice or not. The author analyses the 2021 annual report of BMW Group from 3 aspects: accounting analysis, strategy objective and risk management. The recommendation is BMW Group is a good choice to invest in because it has strong good operations, profitability and a risk management system. Moreover, the transformation plan has made BMW Group even more growth-oriented and the return on investment is expected to improve in the future. BMW Group focused on the reduction of CO2 emissions and the electricity vehicle transformation plan in 2021, and the sale volume was quite considerable. The dividend will grow in the future, more shareholders may invest in BMW Group.

Success Indicators of International Corporate Research Cooperation: Case Study of Collaboration between BMW Group and Toyota Motor Corporation 2011

death to 7 million people every year. In 2010, human activities added at least 35 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Methodology/Technique – One opportunity to minimize this impact is environmentally friendly automotive technology. One example of such a solution is Toyota Motor Corporation's (TMC) research collaboration with BMW Group (since 2011), focusing on improving the performance and capacity of lithium-ion battery cells. Using an explanatory qualitative method and data from a deductive literature review, the author formulates indicators of the company's research success and collaboration impact. Finding – To support the success of the research, the authors use the Theory of International Economic Cooperation. This study argues that research cooperation in the automotive field based on green technology conducted by BMW Group and TMC can significantly impact the global economic sector. Novelty – The benchmark for the success of corporate research cooperation between other countries in the future by determining a research agenda plan equipped with a market segment plan and adjusted to differences in regulations and culture. Type of Paper: Review JEL Classification: E30, E50. Keywords: Research Cooperation, BMW Group, TMC, Success Indicators, Collaboration Impact Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Roy, E.R.R; Wibawa, E.D; Sentosa, G.A; Riza, I.W. (2023). Success Indicators of International Corporate Research Cooperation: Case Study of Collaboration between BMW Group and Toyota Motor Corporation 2011, GATR-Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 11(3), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2023.11.3(1)

Success Indicators of International Corporate Research Cooperation: Case Study of Collaboration between BMW Group and Toyota Motor Corporation 2011

Air pollution is an environmental threat that significantly impacts human health as it can cause premature death to 7 million people every year. In 2010, human activities added at least 35 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. One opportunity to minimize this impact is environmentally friendly automotive technology. One example of such a solution is Toyota Motor Corporation's (TMC) research collaboration with BMW Group (since 2011), focusing on improving the performance and capacity of lithium-ion battery cells. Research collaboration between companies and countries is interesting because collaboration significantly impacts in several fields (economics, environment, knowledge, and automotive). The research question of this research is "What are the indicators of the success of the research cooperation between BMW Group and TMC since 2011 so that it can be said to be successful according to the theory of international economic cooperation?" Keywords: Research Cooperation, BMW Group, TMC, Success Indicators, Collaboration Impact.

Lead complementor involvement in the design of platform boundary resources: A case study of BMW's onboard apps

AbstractAn increasing number of companies have implemented digital platforms to attract complementors who create innovations on the platform. Establishing such digital platforms is a challenge for incumbent companies because they lack related experience and capabilities. In particular, boundary resources that are the interface between the platform and complementors need to be well‐designed to attract complementors and keep them engaged. We propose that lead complementor involvement helps incumbent companies to improve the design of the platform boundary resources. In a multi‐year action research study, we established lead complementor involvement in the boundary resource design of a digital platform for automotive onboard apps at the BMW Group and evaluated how boundary resources improved. Along three episodes, we illustrate that lead complementor involvement was effective and we summarise our findings in four propositions: (1) lead complementor involvement facilitates platform emergence for incumbent companies by enhancing boundary resource design, (2) lead complementor involvement is more efficient in higher platform layers, (3) lead complementor involvement is facilitated by an increase of intensity and frequency of interactions between complementors and platform owner and (4) establishing a complementor community helps to continuously identify opportunities for lead complementor involvement. We contribute to the information systems literature on platform emergence and design by focusing on the process of designing boundary resources and by considering the heterogeneity of complementors. Furthermore, we contextualise the concept of lead user involvement in the domain of digital platforms and compare and contrast lead complementors and lead users.

Definlandization and the new economic policy of Ukraine in the post-war period

Purpose. To investigate the genesis and key historical aspects that have led to the popularization of the concept of “definlandization” in scientific literature, as well as the strategic priorities of the formation of the Marshall Plan within the framework of a possible military and economic union between Great Britain, Ukraine, Poland and the Baltic countries. To propose optimal ways of neutralizing economic threats and to determine probable scenarios of the post-war reconstruction of the infrastructure of the national economy of Ukraine. Methodology. The article uses a combination of correlation and SWOT analysis, which made it possible to calculate the value of natural wealth in the post-war period based on SPSS Data Analysis Software. The used economic-mathematical methods made it possible to form an algorithm for calculating the cost of restoring Ukraine’s total resource losses from Russian aggression in monetary terms and to establish mutually unambiguous correlations with the value of gold using Pearson criterion. Findings. The authors’ spectrum of factors influencing the New Economic Policy in the post-war period has been systemized to determine the estimated amount of necessary resources for the post-war restart of the national economy of Ukraine. For the first time, the need to abandon the Finlandization policy has been scientifically proven, as domestic resources and funds from reparations will not be sufficient for the sustainable development of Ukraine. It was established that the main guarantee of investing in the Ukrainian economy is the high value of natural resources in all regions of Ukraine, which is estimated in monetary terms at approximately 4 trillion hryvnias and the innovative architecture for the “Marshall Plan” of the post-war reconstruction of the infrastructure of Ukraine is given. Originality. The used analytical-mathematical methods made it possible to establish correlations in the regional distribution of the value of natural wealth. In contrast to existing studies, this article not only objectively determined the number of losses in monetary terms but also proposed specific ways of their compensation in the context of the formation of a new economic policy of definlandization of Ukraine on the basis of economic and mathematical modelling of a typical scenario of recovery of the national economy. Practical value. The conducted study on potential ways of definlandization of the national economy was provided for study at the Ukraine Recovery Conference (URC 2022, Lugano, Switzerland). In particular, the authors of the report justified the economic feasibility of moving European production facilities (Robert Bosch GmbH, Siemens, Schneider Electric, SKF, Renault, BMW Group, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Volvo Group, etc.) from the territory of the Russian Federation, which would facilitate the remigration of Ukrainians and accelerated development of Ukraine based on the principles of decentralization, subsidiarity and definlandization.

Evonik joins consortium to develop new processes for using sustainable materials

Essen, Germany. A consortium of 19 industrial companies and research institutes, including the BMW Group, Evonik, Thyssenkrupp, the Fraunhofer Institute, and the Technical University of Munich, has set itself the goal of developing new processes for using sustainable materials for circular automotive production. Evonik is contributing its expertise in plastics and additives for recycling to the project. The project, which is funded for three years by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Climate Protection (BMWK), was launched at the end of last year.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМИ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ: ОПЫТ РАЗВИТИЯ ГРУППЫ КОМПАНИЙ BMW И ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПО ЕГО АДАПТАЦИИ В РОССИИ

The article addresses the issue of the peculiarities of management and development of BMW group of companies, its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats and also development prospects. The factors that can affect the successful functioning of the BMW Group of Companies are given. The main tendencies in the automotive industry development in the world and the role of BMW in the ongoing changes are considered. According to the analyzed experience of BMW group, the authors give recommendations for improving the efficiency of management in local automotive companies and automotive industry in general.

Prof. Thomas Girst (Global Head of Cultural Engagement, BMW Group): in conversation

Prof. Thomas Girst (Global Head of Cultural Engagement, BMW Group): in conversation

Learning to be a Platform Owner: How BMW Enhances App Development for Cars

Platform owners face multiple challenges such as onboarding and orchestrating app developers as well as providing resources to enable the development of complementary apps. Information systems research considers digital platform governance as key to address these challenges. Thereby, the focus lies on the relationship of a platform owner and app developers. However, while there is evidence how app developers acquire skills through these interactions, there is limited knowledge of how platform owners benefit from interacting with app developers to improve their digital platforms. To address this gap, in this article, we study the emergence of a digital platform for automotive onboard apps within the BMW Group. Our results are grounded in 30 expert interviews that we conducted during a period of two years and are enriched by extensive secondary data. We identify transfer of perspective, transfer of knowledge, and transfer of artifacts as basic mechanisms that enable a platform owner to enhance its digital platform. The inherent improvements of the digital platform facilitate the app development. Our work extends the existing theory on platform emergence and provides insights into the learning process of an inexperienced platform owner. Our findings reveal valuable recommendations for organizations that are struggling to establish digital platforms.

From Powder to Sheets – a Comparative Study for Solution-Cast Solid Electrolyte/Binder-Sheets As Separators in All-Solid-State Batteries

Sulfidic all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are considered as one of the next-generation energy storage systems.[1,2] Most of the previous research studies have investigated ASSBs that are based on a pellet-type separators, i.e., a highly compressed solid electrolyte (SE) powder, with thicknesses of several hundreds of microns.[3] However, their applicability is limited to small electrode area single-layer lab-scale cells, as large-format cells would require separator pellets with a large area that are difficult to produce. Furthermore, in order to be competitive or superior to state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries based on liquid electrolytes, the thickness of the solid electrolyte separator in ASSBs should be less than 100 μm.[4] Consequently, a key for the industrialization of large-format and high energy density ASSBs is the development of sheet-type cell components. Up to date, only a few publications focus on sheet-type SE separators, investigating appropriate solvents and binders for wet-processed SE/binder composites.[4-7] In the present study, we report on the preparation of composite sheet-type separators for ASSBs by a slurry-based process, investigating three different sulfidic solid electrolyte systems (Li6PS5Cl, Li7P3S11 and Li10SnP2S12) in combination with different volume fractions of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR, φHNBR = 1.7 – 16.0 vol.-%) binder.By means of the analysis of top-view and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the prepared sheet-type separators, combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), we characterize the influence of the slurry-coating process conditions as well as of the binder volume fraction on their morphology. Densification of the obtained separator sheets is easily possible by uniaxial compression at room temperature, resulting in residual pore volume fractions of ≈ 3 – 12 %, depending on the respective solid electrolyte. While increasing fabrication pressures lead to a reduction of void volume and an increasing contacting between the solid electrolyte particles, very high fabrication pressures (> 200 MPa) lead to a fusing of the SE particles and to nearly pore-free separator sheets.Besides the micromorphology and porosity of the SE/HNBR separator sheets, we investigate the dependence of binder content and processing conditions on their ionic conductivity by means of potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) measurements that are performed using a novel, in-house designed cell setup. As one would expect, the Li+-ion conductivity of the SE/HNBR separator sheets decreases with increasing binder volume fraction (see Figure 1a). Interestingly, however, the relationship between Li+-ion conductivity and binder volume fraction (φ HNBR) is essentially identical for the three different sulfidic electrolytes that are examined in our study (see Figure 1b). To obtain mechanically stable and free-standing SE/HNBR separator sheets, an HNBR volume fraction of approximately 8 vol.-% is required for all three SEs, yielding in a separator sheet conductivity of ≈ 0.5 mS/cm at 70 MPa, which is ≈ 3-fold lower than that of the pure, binder-free SE powder conductivity measured at the same conditions. Nevertheless, by considering the currently achievable thicknesses of these solution-cast separator sheets of ≈ 50 µm, their overall areal resistance (in unit of Ω·cm2) is equal or even lower than that of the typically substantially thicker pellet-type separators, so that these separator-sheets can be used for the assembly of large-format cells with competitive separator resistances.[1] J. Janek and W. G. Zeier, Nature Energy, 1, 16141 (2016).[2] W. Zhang, D. A. Weber, H. Weigand, T. Arlt, I. Manke, D. Schroder, R. Koerver, T. Leichtweiss, P. Hartmann, W. G. Zeier and J. Janek, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 9, 17835 (2017).[3] M. R. Busche, D. A. Weber, Y. Schneider, C. Dietrich, S. Wenzel, T. Leichtweiss, D. Schröder, W. Zhang, H. Weigand, D. Walter, S. J. Sedlmaier, D. Houtarde, L. F. Nazar and J. Janek, Chemistry of Materials, 28, 6152 (2016).[4] N. Riphaus, P. Strobl, B. Stiaszny, T. Zinkevich, M. Yavuz, J. Schnell, S. Indris, H. A. Gasteiger and S. J. Sedlmaier, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 165, A3993 (2018).[5] K. Lee, S. Kim, J. Park, S. H. Park, A. Coskun, D. S. Jung, W. Cho and J. W. Choi, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164, A2075 (2017).[6] A. Sakuda, K. Kuratani, M. Yamamoto, M. Takahashi, T. Takeuchi and H. Kobayashi, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164, A2474 (2017).[7] F. Shen, M. B. Dixit, W. Zaman, N. Hortance, B. Rogers and K. B. Hatzell, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 166, A3182 (2019). Acknowledgements: This work was carried out as part of the research project “Industrialisierbarkeit Festkörperelektrolyte”, funded by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy. This work was also supported by the BMW Group. Figure 1

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES IN PREMIUM AUTOMOTIVE SEGMENT

This paper analyzes how leaders in premium segments adapt their competitive strategies to the radical restructuring of the automotive industry. The analysis is based on the case study of the BMW Group. The automotive industry faces disruptive innovations which threaten to radically change the competitive structure. Leaders’ traditional competencies are no longer sufficient to satisfy the customers’ changing preferences within the premium automotive segment. This research points out the new competencies in the digitalization and electrification that a premium automotive company has to abide by in order to survive the hyper competition and sustain competitive advantage. The study highlights the necessity of reshaping the existing competitive strategies within the premium automotive segment to cope with the rising technological uncertainty and fierce competition. Strong investment in new technologies, efficient, agile and flexible production systems and implementation of hybrid competitive strategy result in strong performance within the premium automotive segment. Findings show that the transformation from the traditional premium auto company to a mobility tech company represents a key to gaining and sustaining the competitive advantage within the premium automotive segment. The paper expands the existing research literature by providing a detailed analysis of how disruptive innovations affect competitive strategies of leaders within the premium automotive segment.

Sensorless localization of a minimally-actuated robotic system for automated pallet de-strapping

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to detail the design and prototyping of a smart automation solution for de-strapping plastic bonding straps on shipping pallets, which are loaded with multiple containers secured by a top-cover as they move on a conveyor belt.Design/methodology/approachThe adopted design methodology to have the system perform its function entails using the least number of sensors and actuators to arrive at an economic solution from a system design viewpoint. Two prototypes of the robotic structure are designed and built, one in a research laboratory and another in an industrial plant, to perform localized cutting and grabbing of the plastic straps, with the help of a custom-designed passive localizing structure. The proposed structure is engineered to locate the plastic straps using one degree of freedom (DOF) only. An additional strap removal mechanism is designed to collect the straps and prevent them from interfering with the conveyor.FindingsThe functionality of the system is validated by performing full-process tests on the developed prototypes in a laboratory setting and under real-life operating conditions at BMW Group facilities. Testing showed that the proposed localization system meets the specified requirements and can be generalized and adapted to other industrial processes with similar requirements.Practical implicationsThe proposed automated system for de-strapping pallets can be deployed in assembly or manufacturing facilities that receive parts in standard shipping pallets that are used worldwide.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first mechanically smart system that is used for the automated removal of straps from shipping pallets used in assembly facilities. The two main novelties of the proposed design are the robustness of the strap localization without the need for computer vision and a large number of DOF, and the critical placement and choice of the cutting and gripping tools to minimize the number of needed actuators.

Collecting and visualizing data lineage of Spark jobs

Metadata management constitutes a key prerequisite for enterprises as they engage in data analytics and governance. Today, however, the context of data is often only manually documented by subject matter experts, and lacks completeness and reliability due to the complex nature of data pipelines. Thus, collecting data lineage—describing the origin, structure, and dependencies of data—in an automated fashion increases quality of provided metadata and reduces manual effort, making it critical for the development and operation of data pipelines. In our practice report, we propose an end-to-end solution that digests lineage via (Py‑)Spark execution plans. We build upon the open-source component Spline, allowing us to reliably consume lineage metadata and identify interdependencies. We map the digested data into an expandable data model, enabling us to extract graph structures for both coarse- and fine-grained data lineage. Lastly, our solution visualizes the extracted data lineage via a modern web app, and integrates with BMW Group’s soon-to-be open-sourced Cloud Data Hub.

Value co-creation and co-destruction in service ecosystems: The case of the Reach Now app

In recent years, a change in business logic from goods-dominant (G-D) to service-dominant (S-D) logic can be observed widely. For instance, in the case of the mobility sector, companies such as Daimler AG and the BMW Group are shifting from solely producing cars to also providing mobility services. One fruit of their efforts is the Reach Now app, which supports users by combining multiple mobility services. Although such an app can contribute significantly to achieving smart mobility and thereby making the use of the private car less predominant, only a relatively small number of people use it. In this article, we adopt the S-D logic perspective to analyze the link between value formation (i.e., value co-creation and co-destruction) in customer-to-business relationships and business-to-business relationships in the service ecosystem of the Reach Now app based on an analysis of customer reviews of the Reach Now app in the Android Google Play Store between 2016 and 2019. We complement this analysis with interviews with representatives from six German public transport organizations and the Moovel Group GmbH, the app provider. Based on our analysis, we develop an interactional phase-based perspective on value formations in the tripartite relationship between app users, the Moovel Group GmbH, and public transport organizations. Our work complements previous S-D logic studies that (1) do not focus on information technology-enabled value formation, (2) neglect the concept of value co-destruction, (3) analyze only single dyadic actor-to-actor relationships, and/or (4) examine an established service ecosystem.

Livent will supply lithium to BMW

Livent, the former lithium chemicals business of FMC, told investors in its fourth-quarter earnings report that it has signed a multiyear agreement to supply BMW Group with lithium hydroxide and li...

МІЖНАРОДНІ БІЗНЕС-СТРАТЕГІЇ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article examines the international business strategies of industrial enterprises. The business strategy of an enterprise is a set of activities, plans and management decisions that allow obtaining specific indicators for comparing the position of an enterprise. To develop a business strategy, you need to consider the company's activities in terms of five main elements: market, industry, product, technology and the company's position in the market. Each enterprise follows its own business strategy to gain a better position and benefit from a competitive advantage. A business strategy combines several different strategies and areas of activity. It includes corporate strategy, digital strategy, sales growth strategy, etc. It is investigated that in today's dynamic highly competitive environment no industrial enterprise can exist without its own business strategy. There are many strategic ways to develop companies in the market, proven by experience and considered exemplary. Currently, in the course of such world processes as globalization, urbanization, climate change and the redistribution of forces in the world arena, the business strategies of the behavior of many countries and, as a result, of international companies are changing. It has been established that it is important to adapt the chosen strategy to your company, and not to copy someone else's experience. In order to be competitive in the global economic space, it is necessary to develop new business strategies. It has been determined that the business strategies that businesses can devise and the paths they can identify to implement those strategies are different. It is analyzed that the frequency and depth of changes in the business strategies of industrial enterprises depends on market success or failure, and the duration depends on how suitable the strategy is for market conditions. The article analyzes the features of the business strategy of industrial enterprises using the example of BMW, which is in the premium car sector, occupies a leading position in the world and sets trends and new innovative strategies that all global automotive concerns are listening to. In recent years, the BMW Group has enjoyed positive growth in the company's worldwide revenues.