Blue-purple Color Research Articles

Structure of Polaronic Centers in Proton-Intercalated AWO4 Scheelite-Type Tungstates.

The studies of polaronic centers in a homologous series of scheelite-type compounds AWO4 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) were performed using the W L3-edge and Sr K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy combined with the reverse Monte Carlo simulations, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and first-principles calculations. Protonated scheelites HxAWO4 were produced using acid electrolytes in a one-step route at ambient conditions. The underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon can be ascribed to the intercalation of H+ into the crystal structure of tungstate, effectively resulting in the reduction of W6+ to W5+, i.e., the formation of polaronic centers, and giving rise to a characteristic dark blue-purple color. The emergence of the W5+ was confirmed by XPS experiments. The relaxation of the local atomic structure around the W5+ polaronic center was determined from the analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structures using the reverse Monte Carlo method. The results obtained suggest the displacement of the W5+ ions from the center of [W5+O4] tetrahedra in the structure of AWO4 scheelite-type tungstates. This finding was also supported by the results of the first-principles calculations.

Fluorescent Selectivity-Enhanced FRET Based on 3D Photonic Crystals for Multianalyte Sensing.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) finds widespread utility in biochemical sensing, single-molecule experiments, cell physiology, and various other domains due to its inherent simplicity and high sensitivity. Nevertheless, the efficiency of energy transfer between the FRET donor and acceptor is significantly contingent on the local photonic environment, a factor that limits its application in complex systems or multianalyte detections. Here, a fluorescent selectivity-enhanced acridine orange (AO)-aflatoxins (AFs) FRET system based on a range of 3D topological photonic crystals (PCs) was developed with the aim of enhancing the selectivity and discrimination capabilities of FRET. By exploring the angle-dependent characteristics of the photonic stopband, the stopband distribution across different 3D topological PCs pixels was investigated. This approach led to selective fluorescence enhancement in PCs that matched the stopbands, enabling the successful discrimination of six distinct aflatoxins and facilitating complex multianalysis of moldy food samples. In particular, the stopband, which was strategically positioned within the blue-purple structural color range, exhibited a strong alignment with the fluorescence peaks of both the FRET donor and acceptor. This alignment allowed the 3D three-pointed star PCs to be effectively employed for the identification of mixed samples containing six distinct aflatoxins as well as the detection of real aflatoxin samples present in moldy potatoes, bread, oats, and peanuts. Impressively, this approach achieved a remarkable accuracy rate of 100%. This innovative strategy not only presents a novel avenue for developing a multitarget discrimination analysis system but also offers a convenient pretreatment method for the quantitative detection of various aflatoxins.

Sol-gel synthesis and properties of novel inorganic chromophore based on tetrahedral coordination of Cu2+ in A(1-x)CuxMoO4:(A=Co, Mn)

This paper reports synthesis and characterization of a series of novel and environment-friendly color pigments based on Cu doped cobalt and manganese molybdate with the general formula A1-xCoxMoO4 (A = Co, Mn; 0 ≤ × ≤ 0.075). The synthesized pigments exhibited blue-green/purple (Co, Cu) and different beige-yellows (Mn, Cu). The obtained powders through the sol gel route are characterized using thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared (IR) and UV visible spectroscopies. Morphology of obtained powders was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface specific area was calculated using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. Colorimetric parameters (CIE L*a*b*) are measured to study the color evolution with rate substitution (x). All compounds crystallize in the monoclinic system with C2/m space group Belong to β-AMoO4. A(1-x)CuxMoO4 (A = Co, Mn) powders are formed of small juxtaposed with platelets dimensions and residual porosity is presented. The specific surface area (BET) of powders increases as a function of the substitution of Cu2+ in AMoO4, with the highest value found for the Co0.925Cu0.075MoO4 powder at around 14.05 m2/g. Colorimetric parameters (L*a*b*) of Co(1-x)CuxMoO4 powders present a maximum value of (-b*) parameter for a rate of 0.05, which is responsible of the blue-purple color. While for Mn(1-x)CuxMoO4 compounds, these parameter is not changed. By introducing element Cu into the CoMoO4 matrix, the color of the pigment was successfully changed from purple to green and from beige to yellow into the MnMoO4 matrix, indicating that doping can control the color of the pigment. Based on the results of optical properties (Eg between 2.36 and 2.88 eV), A(1-x)CuxMoO4 solid solutions can be considered as semiconducting materials.

A specific purple–blue color reaction between tryptophan and tyrosine in concentrated acidic medium

Electron transfer between tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) is often accompanied with transient emission of visible blue-purple light, which is very common in numerous laser-induced photolysis experiments. However, recent experiments have shown that in the absence of pulse radiolysis, by mixing Trp and Tyr in concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid can also produce a blue–purple color as it was observed in photolysis experiments. Unexpectedly, this color is quite stable in strong acid media (it can be kept at room temperature for at least a week). It is proposed that after initial formation of Trp radical products (TrpH▪+/Trp▪) by the solvent radical oxidation, charge-transfer complexes were generated via electron transfer reactions between Trp radical products and phenol of Tyr or their directly hole-trapping mechanism, which exhibit a blue-purple color. In this work, HPLC analysis and density functional calculations show that there are loosely reversible associations in the charge-transfer complexes which can be stabilized by strong hydrogen bonding. A Trp radicals signal was observed but the intensity was not so strong as expected. This color reaction exhibits high selectivity towards Trp and Tyr, and thus it can be a convenient method for naked-eye identifying the coexistence of these two amino acids or protein modifications of related to them.

Au/Lum/RhB@Ag-DMcT ICP-Based Double-Ratio Colorimetric and Fluorometric Dual Mode Assay and Multi-Responsive Coffee Ring Chips for Point-of-Use Analysis of Phosphate Ions.

In this work, by fully exploring the stimulus response of the guest-functionalized infinite coordination polymers (ICPs), a double-ratio colorimetric and fluorometric dual mode assay and multi-responsive coffee ring chips for point-of-use analysis of phosphate ions (Pi) were proposed. First, the complex host-guest interactions were rationally designed to obtain Au/Lum/RhB@Ag-DMcT ICPs. The composite ICPs exhibited a purple-blue color resulted from the modulated localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the Au core, and a blue fluorescence color stemmed from the unique aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) of Luminol (Lum) and the aggregation-caused-quenching (ACQ) of rhodamine B (RhB). With the presence of Pi, the host-guest interactions of the shell within Au/Lum/RhB@Ag-DMcT ICPs were interrupted to release Au core, Lum, and RhB in a dispersed state. Consequently, the color of the solution changed to purple-red (the mixed color of the Au core and RhB guest), and the fluorescence color turned to orange-red (AIE of Lum decreased, while the ACQ of RhB recovered). This constituted the sensing mechanism for dual-mode Pi assay with the double ratiometric response. Second, during the stimulus response, the surface wettability/size/amount of Au/Lum/RhB@Ag-DMcT ICPs simultaneously altered. These changes were reflected in the form of the coffee ring deposition pattern variances on the glass substrate and served as signal readouts for the exploration of multi-responsive coffee ring chips for the first time. Quantitative Pi detection with high accuracy and reliability in real samples was thereby realized, which offered an opportunity for the point-of-use analysis of Pi in resources-limited areas in a high-throughput fashion.

A smartphone-based colorimetric assay using Au@Ag core–shell nanoparticles as the nanoprobes for visual tracing of fluvoxamine in biofluids as a common suicide drug

In the present study, bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of gold (AuNPs) as the core and silver (AgNPs) as the shell have been synthesized and applied as the nanoprobe for detection of fluvoxamine (FXM) as the anti-depression drug. The physicochemical properties of the prepared citrate-capped Au@Ag core–shell NPs have been characterized by UV–Vis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. The design of the smartphone-based colorimetric FXM sensor relies on the fast hydrolysis of FXM under alkaline conditions by producing of 2-(Aminooxy)ethanamine without any significant peak at 400–700 nm. The interaction of the resulted molecule with the nanoprobe induced a red shift in the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of the nanoprobe, which was accompanied by sharp and vivid color variations in the solution. A linear relationship between the absorption signal increasing by FXM concentration increasing from 1 µM to 10 µM presented a simple, low cost and minimally instrumented format for FXM quantification with a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 nM. The collected visual data with the elegant colorimetric response of the nanoprobe in the presence of FXM from Indian red to light red violet and bluish-purple color offered simple detection of FXM with the naked eye. The satisfactory results of the proposed cost-effective sensor in the rapid assay of FXM in human serum, urine, saliva and pharmaceutical samples guarantee the potential of the nanoprobe for on-site and visual determination of FXM in actual samples. The proposed sensor as the first non-invasive FXM sensor for saliva sample analysis may hold great promise to provide the technical support for the rapid and valid detection of FXM for forensic medicine and clinical organizations.

Transcriptomic-based analysis to identify candidate genes for blue color rose breeding.

Analysis of the flower color formation mechanism of 'Rhapsody in Blue' by BF and WF transcriptomes reveals that RhF3'H and RhGT74F2 play a key role in flower color formation. Rosa hybrida has colorful flowers and a high ornamental value. Although rose flowers have a wide range of colors, no blue roses exist in nature, and the reason for this is unclear. In this study, the blue-purple petals (BF) of the rose variety 'Rhapsody in Blue' and the white petals (WF) of its natural mutant were subjected to transcriptome analysis to find genes related to the formation of the blue-purple color. The results showed that the anthocyanin content was significantly higher in BF than in WF. A total of 1077 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by RNA-Seq analysis, of which 555 were up-regulated and 522 were down-regulated in the WF vs. BF petals. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of the DEGs revealed that a single gene up-regulated in BF was related to multiple metabolic pathways including metabolic process, cellular process, protein-containing complex, etc.Additionally, the transcript levels of most of the structural genes related to anthocyanin synthesis were significantly higher in BF than in WF. Selected genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR and the results were highly consistent with the RNA-Seq results. The functions of RhF3'H and RhGT74F2 were verified by transient overexpression analyses, and the results confirmed that both affect the accumulation of anthocyanins in 'Rhapsody in Blue'. We have obtained comprehensive transcriptome data for the rose variety 'Rhapsody in Blue'. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying rose color formation and even blue rose formation.

Comparative Study on Gemological and Mineralogical Characteristics and Coloration Mechanism of Four Color Types of Fluorite

Fluorite has been attracting the attention of gemstone mineralogists because of its rich color and excellent fluorescence properties. This paper studied fluorite with three color types (blue, green, and white) and five blue-purple fluorites with an alexandrite effect. Through the study of their structure, composition, and spectral characteristics, the gemological and mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanisms of different color types of fluorites are compared and analyzed. The results show that the color of fluorite is caused by multiple color centers. Blue fluorite is associated with Y3+-F− color center, while green fluorite is associated with a Y3+-Ce2+-F− color center and Sm2+ color center, and white fluorite contains vacancy color center. The color of white fluorite is a mixture of yellow tones produced in visible light and blue fluorescence under UV light. Blue-purple color is caused by the colloid calcium color center and 2F− color center, and its changing from blue-purple to red-purplish (alexandrite effect) are due to colloidal calcium nanoparticles caused by radioactive element Th.

Preparation and Basic Properties of Praseodymium-Neodymium-Chromium Containing Imitation Gemstone Glass.

Imitation gemstone glass has numerous characteristics, including low cost, rich colour, stable colouring, and the formation of colour-changing effects that can meet the jewellery market demand for beautiful gemstones of middle and low grades. In this study, four types of gem-imitating glass were prepared by the elemental substitution of praseodymium, neodymium and chromium elements based on rare earth glass and examined by combining refractive index, density, spectral characteristics and colour parameters. Sample 1 contained only Pr6O11 and showed a golden-yellow colour like chrysoberyl. Sample 2 contained only Nd2O3 and showed a blue-purple colour like amethyst. Sample 3 contained Pr6O11 and Nd2O3 and appeared green under D65 light source and red under A light source, with a colour-change effect like alexandrite. Sample 4 contained Pr6O11, Nd2O3 and Cr2O3 and showed a highly saturated green colour like emerald because of the strong colouring effect of Cr3+ in the glass. The findings revealed that all four samples are transparent, with a refractive index greater than 1.5 and a density higher than 2.6 g/cm3. The comprehensive performance of the four imitation gemstone glasses can be found in the corresponding natural gemstones, which has a certain practical value.

Visual monitoring of silver ions and cysteine using bi-ligand Eu-based metal organic framework as a reference signal: Color tonality

Multicolor visual sensing approach significantly improves accuracy, reproducibility and detection rate of targets. Herein, a novel red emitter bi-ligand Eu-based metal organic framework (BiL-Eu-MOF) was successfully synthesized using a one step solvothermal method and was evaluated as a reference signal for multicolor visual-based ratiometry detection. The synergistic effects offered by the double ligand and Eu significantly showed red shift excitation towards many cations and anions and fluorescence stability at least for 6 months. As a fluorescent multicolor-visual probe, selective blue emitter carbon dots to Ag+ ions were encapsulated into the pores of the red emissive of BiL-Eu-MOF to form blue-purple color. Addition of Ag+ ions changed emission color from blue-purple to red, while addition of cysteine (Cys) restored the original blue-purple color. Employing RGB analysis using smartphone, the detection mode showed good linearity of Ag+ and Cys in the range of 0–660 and 0–405 μM with limit of detection of 2.1 and 0.15 μM, respectively. Ultimately, our probe was applied for the quantification of silver ions in water samples and Cys in human serum samples showing excellent accuracy and precision.

Does methylphenidate treatment affect functional and structural ocular parameters in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? - A prospective, one year follow-up study.

Purpose:Methylphenidate hydrochloride, which blocks the reuptake mechanisms of dopamine and norepinephrine, is used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment. Methylphenidate has many general side effects including ocular findings. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of methylphenidate treatment on functional and structural ocular parameters.Methods:In this prospective study, children with ADHD were evaluated. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination before methylphenidate treatment. All patients were examined in the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th months of methylphenidate treatment. Visual acuities, color vision, pupil diameters, static, dynamic and cycloplegic retinoscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AL) were evaluated and recorded.Results:A total of 22 children were included in this study. The best-corrected visual acuities (BCVA) of all patients for both eyes were 0.0 logMAR, and 90.9% of patients had blue–purple color weakness before the treatment. After 1 year of treatment, none of the patients had any change in BCVA and color vision. However, an increase in myopic values of static retinoscopy and a decrease in hyperopic values of cycloplegic retinoscopy were found. Additionally, accommodation capacities were found to be decreased and AL was found to be increased significantly for both eyes. Pupil diameter, IOP, and ACD values did not change significantly.Conclusion:Our results suggest that patients with ADHD may have blue color vision deficiencies because of the decreased retinal dopamine levels. Additionally, structural and ocular parameters, especially accommodation capacity, may be affected by methylphenidate treatment.

A general strategy towards controllable replication of butterfly wings for robust light photocatalysis

• A general strategy towards controllable replication of butterfly wings was proposed. • Controlled anatase and rutile phase of TiO 2 can be realized simply via the tuning of the treatment parameters. • TiO 2 replicas exhibit significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity to decompose methylene blue under solar light illumination. • The enhancement can be attributed to a synergy effect of the presence of Ti 3+ doping, the air-TO 2 interaction, and hierarchical microstructure. • This work offers a scalable and precise approach to replicate various bio-templates based on transition metal oxides. Large-scale replication of the hierarchical microstructure of bio-template is a long-standing challenge due to the large shrinkage when the bio-templates are burned off. In this work, TiO 2 based biomimetic metamaterials have been successfully synthesized by sputtering technique, followed by tape assisted transferring and thermal oxidation process. Tile-like arrays of the scale replicas with ridge-lamellae hierarchical microstructures have been obtained and exhibit bright blue-purple structure color. More interestingly, they exhibit significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity to decompose methylene blue under solar light illumination, with the degradation rate of methylene blue almost five times that of TiO 2 thin films with the same sample area. The enhancement on the visible light photocatalytic activity in TiO 2 replicas can be attributed to a synergy effect of the presence of Ti 3+ doping, the air-TO 2 interaction, and hierarchical microstructure. The controlling factors that affect the microstructure, structural color and photocatalytic activity of the TiO 2 replicas have been discussed in detail. This work offers a scalable and precise approach to replicate various bio-templates based on transition metal oxides, such as ZnO, Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, and VO 2 , thereby providing the new opportunity for infrared sensing, photocatalytic and photonic applications.

Mineralogical Characteristics and Luminescent Properties of Natural Fluorite with Three Different Colors.

Fluorite is rich in mineral resources and its gorgeous colors and excellent luminescence characteristics have attracted the attention of many scholars. In this paper, the composition, structure, luminescent properties, and the potential application value of three fluorites with different colors and are systematically analyzed. The results show that REE and radioactive elements have effects on the structure, color, and luminescence of fluorite. Radioactive elements Th and U will aggravate the formation of crystal defects in fluorite. The green color is related to Ce3+ and Sm2+. Colloidal calcium and F− center are responsible for the blue-purple color of fluorite. There are many luminescent centers, such as Eu, Pr, Dy, Tb, Er, and Sm, in fluorite. The blue fluorescence is mainly caused by 4f7-4f65d1 of Eu2+. In addition, it is found that fluorite has certain temperature sensing properties in the temperature range of 303–343 K.

Spectroscopic and morphological characterization of Nephelium lappaceum peel extract synthesized gold nanoflowers and its catalytic activity

Green methods using discarded fruit and vegetable waste are a safer alternative for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, due to their simplicity, low cost and ecofriendly nature. In this investigation, the bioactive constituents ofNephelium Lappaceum L. (Rambutan) peel extract were effectively used as reducer to synthesize gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) and attempted to convert fruit waste into a valuable product. A quick and simple synthesis of bluish-purple color AuNFs was observed to occur with a plasmonic resonance band, λmax around 563 nm. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis confirming the formation of clusters of gold nanoparticle similar to flowers/AuNFs with a size of 70–115 nm and each monodispersed nanoparticles has an average size of 11.6 ± 2.35 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the AuNFs were capped with hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxyl (–COOH) groups of rambutan peel. In addition, the resulting AuNFs showed catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol (1.9089 × 10-1 min−1, R2 = 0.969), efficiently. The suggested synthetic method is facile, sustainable, cost-effective and convenient for the development of value-added products in future nanotechnology products.

A case of subcutaneous rupture of the neurovascular bundle under the collarbone

On 23 / III 1923, a 7-year-old boy B. with complete paralysis of his right arm was delivered to the department. The father who brought the boy told the story of the misfortune that happened in October 1922. The boy was instructed to lead the horse. Holding her on the rein, he went to the indicated place. The halter was wrapped around the arm. Suddenly the horse, frightened of something, jerked violently back and rushed to the side, dragging the leader with it. The boy followed her a few steps and was then raised without memory. Immediately after that, his right arm was severely swollen. The tumor was especially large on the neck and in the upper part of the shoulder it did not have a blue-purple color. After being ill for several weeks, the patient began to feel better: the tumor began to subside, and the skin began to take on a normal color. Then it was noticed that, although the hand looks healthy, it has lost its ability, movement and sensation.

Optimization of Time, Temperature, and pH for the Extraction of Anthocyanin from Buni (Antidesma bunius) Fruit

The Box-Behnken design to find the optimum condition for anthocyanin extraction of Buni (Antidesma bunius) fruit powder was applied. Color intensity (CI), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA), total phenolic content (PC), and antioxidant activity (AA) were the parameters selected to express optimality resulted from the extraction process. The three studied factors were temperature (30-90oC), time (30-90 minutes), and pH of solvent (1-3). The extraction was conducted in a water bath shaker under no light by HCl-acidified water as a solvent with a 1:25 (w/v) powder to solvent ratio. The quadratic model described the effect of factors on CI, TMA, and AA of buni fruit extract, while the linear model suitable for the total phenolic content. All factors influenced the CI and TMA, but time was insignificant for PC and antioxidant activity (p < 0.05). The optimum parameter for extraction was at 68oC for 30 minutes with pH 1 solvent. The 95% confidence interval of CI, TMA, PC, and AA were 40.29 ± 0.91, 555.17 ± 13.34 mg/l, 1084.4 66.845 ± 66.85 mg GAE/l, and 45.00 ± 2.56 % inhibition, respectively. The color and anthocyanin stability test showed that the extract was almost colorless at pH 5-6, but the anthocyanin was relatively stable with half-life 28 and 17.6 days, respectively. At pH 7-8 the stability of purple-blue color and anthocyanin of the extract was extremely low. The half-life of the color and anthocyanin was less than 2 and 10 hours, respectively.

Colorimetric Ionic Organohydrogels Mimicking Human Skin for Mechanical Stimuli Sensing and Injury Visualization.

Artificial skins with sensing ability have great potential in applications of wearable devices and soft robotics. Inspired by the functions of human skins including sensing stimuli via electrical signal and bruising for injury indication, an ionic conductive and mechanochromic organohydrogel is synthesized and demonstrated as ionic skin (I-skin). The gel consisting of mechanochromophore cross-linked micelles is mechanically robust, stretchable, and deformation durable with minor hysteresis, and it also displays good solvent retention. The change of relative resistance during elongation and compression suggests a high sensitivity. An optical change from pale yellow to bruise-like blue-purple color is observed under a large deformation. The ionic conductive organohydrogel as I-skin is attached to different parts of the human body with movements mimicking various body-bruising scenarios, demonstrating successful perception and visualization of mechanical stimuli. The work vividly presents a strain sensor with the functions of injury visualization and damage warning for mechanical impacts. The I-skin can be potentially used in the applications including prosthetic devices, wearable electronics, and intelligent robots.

Polyacylated Anthocyanins in Bluish-Purple Petals of Chinese Bellflower, Platycodon grandiflorum.

The bluish-purple petals of Chinese bellflower, Platycodon grandiflorum (kikyo in Japanese), contain platyconin (1) as the major anthocyanin. Platyconin (1) is a polyacylated anthocyanin with two caffeoyl residues at the 7-position, and its color is stable in a diluted, weakly acidic aqueous solutions. HPLC analysis of the fresh petal extract showed the presence of several minor pigments. Photo-diode array detection of minor pigments suggested that some of these were polyacylated anthocyanins. To establish the relationship between structure and stability of the acylated anthocyanins and to obtain information on their biosynthetic pathways, minor pigments were isolated from the petals, and their structures were determined by MS and NMR analyses. Four known (2–5) and three new anthocyanins (6–8) were identified, which contained a delphinidin chromophore, and four of these (5–8) were diacylated anthocyanins, in which the acyl-glucosyl-acyl-glucosyl chain was attached at the 7-O-position of the delphinidin chromophore. These diacylated anthocyanins exhibited a bluish-purple color at pH 6, which was stable for more than a week.

Synthesis, structure, and theoretical studies of a calcium complex of a unique dianion derived from 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one.

The title compound, catena-poly[[tetra-kis-(1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one-κO)calcium(II)]-μ-(E)-1,1'-dimethyl-2,2'-dioxo-1,1',2,2'-tetra-hydro-[3,3'-bipyrrolyl-idene]-5,5'-bis-(thiol-ato)-κ2 O:O'], [Ca(C10H8N2O2S2)(C5H9NO)4] n , 1, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P . The crystal studied was twinned by non-merohedry via two different twofold operations, about the normals to (001) and (10), giving four twin domains with refined occupancies of 0.412 (4), 0.366 (4), 0.055 (1), 0.167 (4). The Ca atoms are located on centers of inversion. Each Ca is surrounded by four 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one (NMP) ligands and coordinated through one of the two O atoms to two (E)-1,1'-dimethyl-2,2'-dioxo-1,1',2,2'-tetra-hydro-[3,3'-bipyrrolyl-idene]-5,5'-bis-(thiol-ate), [C10H8N2O2S2]2-, dianions (abbreviation: DMTBT). This dianion thus facilitates the formation of a 1-D polymer, which propagates in the [011] direction. These ribbons are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯S inter-actions. Each Ca atom is in an octa-hedral CaO6 six-coordinate environment with Ca-O bond lengths ranging from 2.308 (6) to 2.341 (6) Å, cis bond angles ranging from 88.2 (2) to 91.8 (2)° and the trans angles all 180° due to the Ca atoms being located on centers of inversion. Theoretical calculations were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) and the results showed that although the central DMTBT dianion is planar there is likely some resonance across the central bond between both aza-pentyl rings, but this is not sufficient to establish a ring current. The calculated UV-vis spectrum shows a peak at 625 nm, which accounts for the deep blue-purple color of solutions of the complex.

TREATMENT OF VASCULAR INJURY WITH SCLEROTHERAPY: A CASE REPORT

The varicosities present as a benign vascular lesion with pathologic tortuous dilations caused by the loss of connective tissue tonus that supports the vessels. It affects adults older than 60 years with no predilection for sex and is asymptomatic. Sublingual varices are the most common type but may occur to a lesser extent on the lips and oral mucosa. The purpose of this study is to describe a clinical case of a treatment option. A 75-year-old male leucoderm patient presented multiple nodular lesions, blue-purple color, located in the lower lip mucous. The patient was diagnosed has having varicosity, and the treatment chosen was the application of ethanolamine oleate, which promotes fibrosis in the vessel wall with possible occlusion of the vein by chemical sclerosis. It is indicated for the treatment of small varices. The patient presented involution of the lesion, having treatment with ethanolamine oleate, an alternative to the surgical procedure. The varicosities present as a benign vascular lesion with pathologic tortuous dilations caused by the loss of connective tissue tonus that supports the vessels. It affects adults older than 60 years with no predilection for sex and is asymptomatic. Sublingual varices are the most common type but may occur to a lesser extent on the lips and oral mucosa. The purpose of this study is to describe a clinical case of a treatment option. A 75-year-old male leucoderm patient presented multiple nodular lesions, blue-purple color, located in the lower lip mucous. The patient was diagnosed has having varicosity, and the treatment chosen was the application of ethanolamine oleate, which promotes fibrosis in the vessel wall with possible occlusion of the vein by chemical sclerosis. It is indicated for the treatment of small varices. The patient presented involution of the lesion, having treatment with ethanolamine oleate, an alternative to the surgical procedure.