BLP Model Research Articles

Deposit Competition, Interbank Market, and Bank Profit

In this paper, we study how the interbank market could impact deposit competition and bank profits. We first document two stylized facts: the net interbank funding ratio is negatively correlated with net interest margin (NIM), as well as with the cost-to-income ratio (CIR). To rationalize these two facts, we embed the interbank market into a BLP model framework. The model is calibrated using Chinese listed banks’ data. A counterfactual experiment reveals that shutting down the interbank market will lead to a decline in NIM and bank profits. Our results indicate that the interbank market can facilitate specialization and reduce the intensity of deposit competition.

ROLE OF DIGITIZATION IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION OF SELF- HELP GROUPS

India has always aimed at inclusive growth. A large part of population still resides in rural areas. Economic development of India is not possible without rural development. Several programs were introduced from time to time with the core objective of easing the accessibility of financial services to the poor but with little success. One of the reasons for rampant underdevelopment of rural India is inaccessibility of funds at the grass root level. As the formal credit institutions were considered incapable of dealing with the financial requirements of the poor, microfinance emerged as an alternate credit system. This has further gained momentum by using technology to provide financial services to the poor. This paper would focus on how digitization has influenced financial inclusion and what are the various challenges that must be tackled to make it more effective. As the focus is on SHG- BLP model, this paper would emphasize how the SHGs can utilize digital medium to reap more benefits out of this microfinance model. The paper would give insight into how the impact of microfinance can be enhanced using technology. KEY WORDS: Microfinance, Self Help Groups, NABARD, Digital Inclusion, Digitization etc.

An Access Control Model for Preventing Virtual Machine Hopping Attack

As a new type of service computing model, cloud computing provides various services through the Internet. Virtual machine (VM) hopping is a security issue often encountered in the virtualization layer. Once it occurs, it directly affects the reliability of the entire computing platform. Therefore, we have thoroughly studied the virtual machine hopping attack. In addition, we designed the access control model PVMH (Prevent VM hopping) to prevent VM hopping attacks based on the BLP model and the Biba model. Finally, we implemented the model on the Xen platform. The experiments demonstrate that our PVMH module succeeds in preventing VM hopping attack with acceptable loss to virtual machine performance.

Using aggregate market data to estimate patent value: An application to United States smartphones 2010 to 2015

Intellectual property and its protection is one of the most valuable assets for entrepreneurs and firms in the information economy. This article describes a relatively straightforward approach to measuring patent value with aggregate market data and the BLP model. We apply the approach to United States smartphones. The demand estimates and recovered marginal costs produce sensible simulations of equilibria prices and shares from several hypothetical patent infringements. In one simulation, the presence of near field communication on the dominant firm's flagship smartphone results in a 29% increase in profits. This estimate provides a starting point for establishing a reasonable royalty between the patent holder and the dominant firm in a hypothetical negotiation. This simulation also shows that law-abiding firms inside the market may be damaged by the dominant firm's patent infringing behavior.

Implementing Bounded Linear Programming and Analytical Network Process Fuzzy Models to Motivate Employees: a Case Study

In this research, the factors affectinguniversity employees’ motivation and productivity are identified and classified in seven groups; the impact of each motivation factor on the productivity is presented by ANP fuzzy model.Eight universities in Iran were analyzed in this research work. The aim of this study is to explore the productivity of employees. This paper attempts to give new insights intodesigning the portfolio factors, motivating employees for productivity improvement by implementing BLP and ANP fuzzy models.The research results show that there is a positive and significant relationship among reward system, motivation factors, and human resources productivity. In addition, among the options of reward system, the factors of internal (inherent) reward, non-financial external reward, and financial external reward had the highestimpact on increasing motivation and productivity factors. At the next stage, a BLP model is designed according to the importance and impact of each reward system option on motivation and productivity factors and organization limitations, including budget, facilities, and conditions to design portfolio factors motivating employees with the aim of improving productivity. The research results show that actualizing performance evaluation, receiving the feedback from the results of doing tasks by different ways, providing an opportunity for all employees to progress, coordination between job specifications and employees’ abilities, and a manager competency are very critical for improving the organization productivity.

Using Aggregate Market Data to Estimate Patent Value

Intellectual property and its protection is one of the most valuable assets for entrepreneurs and firms in the information economy. This article describes a relatively straightforward method for measuring patent value with aggregate market data and the BLP model. We apply the method to United States smartphones. The demand estimates and recovered marginal costs produce sensible simulations of equilibria prices and shares from several hypothetical patent infringements. In one simulation, the presence of near field communication on the dominant firm’s flagship smartphone results in a 26 percent increase in profits per phone. This estimate provides a starting point for establishing a reasonable royalty between the patent holder and the dominant firm in a hypothetical negotiation.

The impact of car specifications, prices and incentives for battery electric vehicles in Norway: Choices of heterogeneous consumers

Electric vehicles (EVs), specifically Battery EVs (BEVs), can offer significant energy and emission savings over internal combustion engine vehicles. Norway has a long history of research and government incentives for BEVs. The BEV market in Norway allows us to fully examine consumers’ BEV choices influenced by car specifications, prices and government incentives (public bus lanes access, toll waiver and charging stations). The Random-Coefficient Discrete Choice Model (referred to as the BLP model) is applied to understand the choices of heterogeneous personal consumers and business buyers. Our study is instantiated on the entire EV sales data in Norway from 2011 to 2013, as well as a set of demographics at the municipality level. The results suggest significant positive effects of BEV technology improvement, space, toll waiver and charging station density on EV demand for both personal consumers and business buyers. However, the effects on business buyers may be generally less pronounced than on personal consumers. Interestingly, bus lanes access demonstrates a negative impact for personal consumers, possibly due to consumers’ concern regarding bus lane congestion. In addition, preferences on the BEV price can vary statistically among consumers with different income levels. Compared to the BEV technology development, demographical features and municipal incentives may have generally less impacts on market shares within the BEV market.

Analysis and Improvement of the BLP Security Model

Bell-LaPadula model (BLP) model is the most classical multilevel computer security model. Based on the research of BLP model, this paper analyzes the main defects in BLP model and different improving methods, puts forward a principle or “read the nearest and write the nearest”, improves the BLP model more effective security and integrity.

Research of Multilevel Security Network Based on Mobile IPv6

multilevel security technology has broad applications in military and commercial aspects, the key technology in the research of multilevel security network, based on the BLP model of a security enhancement model is presented, and proved its security of the model. Secondly, based on the analysis of RBAC96 model cluster, proposes a licensing scheme of multilevel mobile IPv6 network based on role. Again gives an implementation scheme of multilevel security network in mobileIPv6 network environment. Including the configuration and deployment of mobile IPv6 environment of multilevel security network, and gives the process of multilevel security network. Finally, the simulation results of multilevel security network is given. The results show that, the multilevel security network design to meet the functional requirements of multilevel security network.

Analysis and Improvement of BLP Model for Multi-Level Security Database

In the current multi-level security database system, the BLP model is the most widely used security model. For the problem of data redundancy, primary key loophole and reasoning channel of the BLP model, an improved method is proposed. The proposed method consummates the read-write level and the read-write range of user, increases the audit mechanism, eliminates the primary key loophole and avoids the reasoning channel to some extent. The proposed method in this paper improves the security of the BLP model and makes the security model more practical.

A Security Model Based on User Group and Role Administration

The RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) is an important information security model, and it is also hot issue in the domain of information security in recent years. A security model based on user group and role administration have been given out in the paper which is according to the practical application of the problem that is the actualization of role administration in our school informationization application system, and from the angle of guarantee the information security. The rules in the new model are reasonable and secure by analysis. It will play a positive role to construct information security model, and also to promote the general role administrative security model. KeywordsInformation Security Model; BLP Model; Biba Model; RBAC Model; Role Administration; User Group

Design and Implementation of Secure Subnet Inside of Data Sensitive Network

Sensitive data leak can cause significant loss for some organizations, especially for technology intensive companies and country security departments. Traditional mandatory access control (MAC) can only control whether the user can access the sensitive data or not, and cannot prevent the user to leak or spread the data. So even designed impeccable access control policies, we still cannot prevent inside leak. A nature solution is using physical isolation to prevent sensitive data from being leaked outside network; however inside the physical isolated network, data still can be spread from one subnet to another. We present Secure Subnet System, a BLP model base security system that can provide more strong access control, which is called mandatory action control. In our system after a user read sensitive data, system will dynamically change security policies to prevent the user to leak these data or spread the data outside to another subnet. We use a state machine model to describe our system, and use secure transfer equations to dynamically calculate the system policies for each new state. Our model can be proved to be secure by formal methods. We implemented a demon of our system. In this paper we also show the design details of the demon and evaluate the demon both from security and performance. The evaluation results show that the output of the security tests case are under expected; and the performance test case show that, for the 64KB IO chunk size, IO read loss can be improved to 6.6%, IO write loss can be improved to 1.2% after optimization.

Secure Information Systems: Extensions to BLP Model

Secure Information Systems: Extensions to BLP Model

What difference does dynamics make? The case of digital cameras

When the well-known BLP model is applied to products with rapid technological changes and declining prices it tends to yield implausible results. A sequence of increasingly sophisticated dynamic demand models, most recently Gowrisankaran and Rysman (2009, hereafter GR), have been developed to overcome these problems. We apply both models to new data on the US digital camera market. In addition, we demonstrate that the GR model can be specified as a BLP model plus an additional set of terms. This suggests that a dynamic model can be estimated as a BLP model plus a non-parametric function which is less computationally demanding. As a first step to implementing this semi-parametric approach we estimate a BLP model augmented with age as a proxy for the non-parametric component. We find that demand for digital cameras is more elastic when demand dynamics is accounted for in both the dynamic model and the BLP model with the age proxy. This suggests that the market is more competitive though the results are consistent with firms engaging in intertemporal price discrimination. Merger simulations predict the lowest price and quantity changes using the GR model.

Posted Price and Haggling in the Used Car Market

Though haggling has been the conventional way for auto retailers to sell cars, the last two decades have witnessed the systematic adoption of no-haggle prices by many large dealerships, including the largest used car dealership, Carmax. This paper develops a structural empirical model to estimate dealers' profits under posted price and haggling and investigate the conditions leading to the heterogenous choices of pricing policies that we observe. The model incorporates a simple class of bargaining mechanisms into the standard BLP model. With the extension, the paper is able to estimate the product-level demand system using data with only list prices and estimate the discounts achieved in haggling. The counterfactual experiments based on the estimates yield a few interesting findings. First, dealers using posted price would see their profits increase only slightly if they haggled, whereas the haggling dealers' profits would drop significantly if they switched to posting prices. Second, the market power enjoyed by the non-haggling dealerships through vertical differentiation and carrying large number of models is a major factor contributing to the variation in the relative performance of posted price and haggling.

P2P information flow model based on trust and security grade

Introducing the reputation grade, classifications and access control grade, a new information flow model on P2P based on trust and security grade was described, with the security classification achieved by access control grade, and with the information flow role described by access control grade of two objects. This information flow model satisfies the characteristics of finite lattice and least upper bound operator in existing literature. It is reasonable and safe, and it is an expansion of information flow model based on BLP model.

Analysis of Two Improved BLP Models

The security and flexibility are two goals that various improved BLP models attempt to achieve. How to enhance the flexibility of BLP model is a challenging problem that security researchers try to solve. However, the implementation of an insecure “security model” in the system will result in an insecure system. In this paper, two improved BLP models, for short DBLP (dynamic BLP) and SLCF (security label common framework), are analyzed. Although the designers of the two models claimed that their proposals can adjust the security level of the untrusted subject dynamically and accordingly improve the flexibility of the classical BLP model, the analytic results show that the two improved models are not secure at all. Under the rules of the two improved models a Trojan horse can “legally” read the high-level information and then write them to low-level objects, which violate the principle of multi-level security (MLS). This effort provides a theoretical foundation for avoiding the choice of insecure MLS model.