Blossom Period Research Articles

Berlin in Cincinnati — Scenes from the End of the ‘Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums’

Abstract A vital centre of Jewish higher learning, the Berlin ‘Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums’ (1872–1942) is part of a larger story about the persecution and subsequent flight of the intelligentsia in Europe. This article will look at the final phase of this institution of Reform Judaism through the lens of Cincinnati’s Hebrew Union College, based on hitherto unpublished sources from the American Jewish Archives. The end of the Hochschule, comprising its last years and immediate afterlife, will be rendered through notable encounters involving former professors and students. Rather than providing a concluded account of this wide and fractured subject, the aim here will be a perspectivation of individual historical experience through a series of notable scenes. These range from (I) a period of precarious blossoming to (II) mounting constraints in the 1930s, (III) dreams of escape and stability, and (IV) the question of mere survival. A short reflection on this exceptional and strangely forgotten institution stands in lieu of a conclusion.

Blooming calendar and polliniferous plants in Djuanda Great Forest Park, West Java, Indonesia: Implication for beekeeping management

Abstract. Husodo T, Wulandari I, Saputri Y, Kasmara H, Hermawan W, Kusmoro J, Shanida SS, Khairina F, Haydar MRA, Asyraf MN, Febrian RR. 2024. Blooming calendar and polliniferous plants in Djuanda Great Forest Park, West Java, Indonesia: Implication for beekeeping management. Biodiversitas 25: 3216-3229. Information was unavailable regarding the types of pollinator plants and their blooming periods in Djuanda Great Forest Park, West Java, Indonesia. Information about flower blooming seasons was useful for various purposes. These findings will provide a basis for understanding the importance of Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793 in plant pollination and plant species resources for honey bees so that beekeeping practices can be carried out sustainably. The blossoming period of a plant is determined by its blooming period at the time of observation. The blooming period is observed every month in the second and fourth weeks for six months (December 2021-May 2022). Pollen collection was carried out in August 2021 (dry season). Pollen identification was carried out using the acetolysis method, which involves dissolving the non-pollen components of a sample to reveal the pollen grains, thereby enabling accurate identification. An overview of the observation records revealed the presence of 249 plant species from 82 families. The Asteraceae family has the most abundant species richness. Most plants were identified as pollinator plants (30.52%), nectariferous plants (10.04%), and plants that produce both (18.47%). Flowering plants of melliferous plants for honeybees are available throughout the rest of the year, especially from December to May. Therefore, to optimize honey harvesting, it is important to establish multiple colonies during periods of large honey flows. Honeybees may use alternative sugar sources beekeepers provide, such as fruit juice, during nectar scarcity. We would like to know more about the year-round bloom calendar. Sharing knowledge with farmers about the availability of melliferous plants in certain months will empower them to make decisions for sustainable beekeeping.

Multi-scenario pear tree inflorescence detection based on improved YOLOv7 object detection algorithm.

Efficient and precise thinning during the orchard blossom period is a crucial factor in enhancing both fruit yield and quality. The accurate recognition of inflorescence is the cornerstone of intelligent blossom equipment. To advance the process of intelligent blossom thinning, this paper addresses the issue of suboptimal performance of current inflorescence recognition algorithms in detecting dense inflorescence at a long distance. It introduces an inflorescence recognition algorithm, YOLOv7-E, based on the YOLOv7 neural network model. YOLOv7 incorporates an efficient multi-scale attention mechanism (EMA) to enable cross-channel feature interaction through parallel processing strategies, thereby maximizing the retention of pixel-level features and positional information on the feature maps. Additionally, the SPPCSPC module is optimized to preserve target area features as much as possible under different receptive fields, and the Soft-NMS algorithm is employed to reduce the likelihood of missing detections in overlapping regions. The model is trained on a diverse dataset collected from real-world field settings. Upon validation, the improved YOLOv7-E object detection algorithm achieves an average precision and recall of 91.4% and 89.8%, respectively, in inflorescence detection under various time periods, distances, and weather conditions. The detection time for a single image is 80.9 ms, and the model size is 37.6 Mb. In comparison to the original YOLOv7 algorithm, it boasts a 4.9% increase in detection accuracy and a 5.3% improvement in recall rate, with a mere 1.8% increase in model parameters. The YOLOv7-E object detection algorithm presented in this study enables precise inflorescence detection and localization across an entire tree at varying distances, offering robust technical support for differentiated and precise blossom thinning operations by thinning machinery in the future.

Morphological variability and fertility of Syringa josikaea pollen under industrial pollution of the Arctic city

The article presents the results of study of the morphology and embryology of Syringa josikaea pollen in the conditions of a cold climate and industrial pollution in the city of Murmansk. Four test sites were laid in the city from the North to the South. During the period of blossoming of lilac, flowers with mature pollen were collected. After staining by acetocarmine, palynological studies and fertility tests were carried out. The shape, size, number of apertures and furrows of pollen, developmental disorders, fertility were studied. High morphological variability and large proportion of sterile pollen were revealed in the North and Central districts of the city of Murmansk, where industrial enterprises are located.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES UNDER DIVERSE WATER REGIMES

This study pursued tests on 17 local and exotic soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars with two different water regimes. In the optimal irrigated condition (control), the soybean plants gained five times irrigation in the scheme of 1:3:1 during the vegetation period, with the total volume of water used for that irrigation being 5000–5500 m3 /ha. For the water deficit condition, irrigation was only three times on the scheme 1:1:1, using a total volume of water at 3000–3500 m3 /ha. In the optimal irrigated condition, water provision was only once during the formation of soybean leaves, three times during the budding period, and once again at the beginning of the blooming period. In that condition, the provision of an artificially created water deficit condition and drought with one irrigation ensued at the beginning of the blossoming period. According to the results, chlorophyll "b" pigment was more sensitive to water deficit conditions than chlorophyll "a.” The increase in chlorophyll "b" under drought conditions increased chlorophyll’s protection function, the primary photosynthetic pigment, with its reception of photons from sunlight. Stress enzyme activity increased to different extents compared with optimal water supply conditions in the soybean cultivars under water deficit conditions. The number of chloroplast pigments in plant leaves and the activity of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes in leaves strongly influenced local and exotic soybean genotypes during the blooming-harvest period under drought conditions. With water deficit conditions, the number of pods per plant and 1000-grain weight reduced from 8.6% to 63.7% and 1.7% to 12.8% in the local and 3.8% to 28.3% and 5.6% to 58.8% in exotic soybean cultivars compared with water optimal conditions.

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS DASIPHORA MANDSHURICA DEPENDING ON THE PHASE DEVELOPMENT

Results of seasonal changes of phenolic compounds are presented in the article for leaves of Dasiphora mandshurica grown in culture of the south of the Amur Region. The phenolic compounds were analyzed by the method of a high-performance liquid chromatography. Six glycosides of flavonol (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, avicularin, quercitrin, astragalin), two aglycones (quercetin and rhamnetin) and tannins (ellagic acid and its glycoside) were found. It was found that phenolic composition of D. mandshurica is constant, but the changes of qualitative composition occur at the expense of minor compounds. The largest number of phenolic components (25) was established in stage the period of bud swelling of the leaf buds and periods of beginning and the mass of a blossoming. A higher total content of phenolic compounds in leaves of D. mandshurica was established in the stages the period of full isolation of leaves (35.3 mg/g), of total aglycones – in the period of ending of a blossoming (0.48 mg/g), and of total flavonols – in the period of mass blossoming (22.2 mg/g). Quercetin, kaempferol, rhamnetin glycosides were found in all stages of development. The largest glycosides of flavonol were found in the phases of the vegetation, budding and blossoming, and aglycones (quercetin and rhamnetin) at the beginning of vegetation and the ending of a blossoming. A fact of contrariety of the dynamics of accumulation of glycosides and their aglycones was revealed. A higher content of most individual phenolic compounds was found as in young leaves in the vegetation and budding, so in mature leaves in the blossoming phase. Avicularin and hyperoside are the predominant glycosides during the growing season. A higher content of the tannins was established in young leaves, ellagic acid dominated in the phase of the vegetation whereas ellagic acid glycoside was the predominant in the phase of the budding.

The potential of wildflower strips to enhance pollination services in sweet cherry orchards grown under polytunnels

Abstract Sweet cherry production benefits from insect pollination, but the extent to which wildflower strips can boost pollinator visitation under polytunnels is unknown. Wildflowers were established in alleyways between tree rows under polytunnels in 10 commercial cherry orchards. Their management involved either a single cut in September (Standard Wildflower Strips (SWS)) or being actively maintained to 20 cm with regular cutting (Actively Managed Wildflower Strips (AMWS)), compared with unsown Control Strips (CS). Flower visitors of cherry and wildflowers were recorded by visual observations for 3 years (2017–2019), while cherry production (quantity and quality) was assessed in 2019. In total, 67 visitor species were identified; managed commercial species (Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris) made up ~74% of all records. During the cherry blossom period (anthesis), AMWS had the highest visitor density to cherry blossoms compared with CS and SWS but no significant difference in harvestable fruit was recorded. After anthesis, greater visitor density, diversity and richness were observed in both wildflower treatments compared with CS, being greatest in SWS, which was consistent with differences in floral communities between treatments. Although visitor density was not correlated with fruit set, pollinating insects were key for fruit yields and quality. Fruit set was ~17% from blossoms exposed to visitors compared with <1% when excluded. Furthermore, hand pollination resulted in ~32% fruit set, indicating greatest pollination deficits in CS (~50%) compared with AMWS (~28%) and SWS (~35%). Synthesis and applications. Sweet cherry is highly dependent on pollinators to underpin commercial yields, and pollination deficits exist under polytunnels. Growers should, therefore, reconsider their pollination strategies and look to combine effective pollinator management with polytunnel use to mitigate deficits; establishing and actively managing wildflowers in alleyways could enhance wild visitors and pollination.

Brassica plants promote Apis mellifera visitation to Japanese apricot in cold conditions

Floral resource enhancements are widely used to boost insect pollination in various crops. The Japanese apricot, a winter-flowering fruit crop, requires mid-winter pollination. However, cold weather can restrict pollinator activity. In this study, we explored the use of Brassica plants, which bloom fully during the Japanese apricot blossom period, as additional flower resources to promote honey bee visitation. We sowed Brassica rapa and used existing feral Brassica plants as additional floral resources to compare the honey bee visitation frequency, visitation behavior, and the number of pollen grains on the stigmas of Japanese apricot flowers with those of the control group. The visitation of the managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) to the Japanese apricot flowers was studied at temperatures below 15 ºC. Under such cold conditions, Brassica flowers increased A. mellifera visitation in both the experimental and commercial orchards. Brassica-rich orchards exhibited clear positive effects of flower resources. Observations of flower-visiting behavior and pollen grains on the stigmas suggest that the increased honey bee visitation to Japanese apricot flowers was not caused by spillover from the Brassica flowers. The flower resources did not increase the number of pollen grains on the Japanese apricot stigmas irrespective of the increase in the number of honey bee visits. Fruit production instability caused by cold weather is a major issue in the agricultural management of commercially cultivated Japanese apricot. The findings suggest that Brassica plants can solve pollination-related problems in Japanese apricot orchards. In addition, Brassica plants are easy to grow, do not have common pests with Japanese apricot, and are beneficial for both apiarists and farmers. Therefore, Brassica plants are a promising floral resource for use in Japanese apricot orchards.

Honey productivity of plant formations in the Toratau Geopark of the Republic of Bashkortostan

The Republic of Bashkortostan is one of the regions of Russia where historically, there are favorable landscape and climatic conditions for developing the beekeeping industry. The territory of the Toratau Geopark has incredible biodiversity. Bees are pollinators of entomophilous plants, which, in turn, affects the productivity of berry and fruit plants and contributes to the revival of the natural flora of forest resources. However, only 360 thousand hectares of nectar-producing linden are growing in the three-kilometer zone of apiaries, and the rest are located in inaccessible areas of the republic.Unfavorable weather conditions do not allow for productive honey harvesting during the linden blossom period. Hence, the research aimed to determine the honey productivity of plant formations in the territory of the Toratau Geopark. The results of the studies showed that high honey productivity is characterized by gnat’s linden (574.4 kg/ha) and nettle twigs (458.1 kg/ha). Maplewood formation is a source of abundant honey harvesting in the spring period, with honey productivity of the forest type of the gnarly forest - 350.4 kg/ha, prickly-bristled barry forest - 332.3 kg/ha. In early spring, floodplain elm with significant honey productivity (254.3 kg/ha) and bramble elm (252.3 kg/ha) provide supportive honey collection and build-up of bee family strength. The knowledge gained about the honey productivity of plant formations in the study area is a scientific contribution to the rational use of honey resources in the territory of Bashkortostan. Also, these studies help preserve the natural flora of forest resources, optimize the population, expand the range, and maintain the genetic purity of the people of the native Burzyan wild bee (Apis mellifera L.), as well as for obtaining productive honey collections.

Making Herstories Visible through Translation: Female Spanish Authors and the Golden Age

The literary canon has been traditionally governed by men and it is important to make the works of women visible in order to make the canon democratic. The Spanish Golden Age is blossoming period and there are well known male authors like Lope de Vega, but rarely do authors like Catalina Ramírez de Guzmán or Leonor de la Cueva Silva come to the mind of someone thinking about the Spanish Golden Age. Translation may play a key role to provide female authors with visibility in other languages. The main objective of this study is to translate three poems which were written in the Spanish Golden Age into English to provide them with more visibility. As a conclusion, it is important to promote the translation of literary works written by female authors because they have been historically silenced, and it is through translation that they can be made visible.

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties of Origanum vulgare essential oil, rich with β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide.

BackgroundEssential oils are of great interest for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to study the content of the essential oil of the Origanum vulgare of the Armenian highlands (OVA) in different periods of vegetation and to investigate its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice (in vivo) and cytotoxic action in cultured cells (in vitro). OVA essential oil was extracted from fresh plant material by hydro-distillation.MethodsFor OVA essential oil contents determination the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used. Formalin and hot plate tests and analysis of cell viability using the methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay were used.ResultsThe maximal content of β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide in OVA essential oil was revealed in the period of blossoming (8.18% and 13.36%, correspondently). In the formalin test, 4% OVA essential oil solution (3.5 mg/mouse) exerts significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects (P = 0.003). MTT assay shows approximately 60% cytotoxicity in HeLa and Vero cells for 2.0 μL/mL OVA essential oil in media.ConclusionsThe wild oregano herb of Armenian highlands, harvested in the blossoming period, may be considered as a valuable source for developing pain-relieving preparations.

Airborne pollen can affect the abundance of predatory mites in vineyards: implications for conservation biological control strategies.

BACKGROUNDThe importance of pollen as alternative food for generalist phytoseiid mites occurring in vineyards has been investigated in northeastern Italy. We compared pollen and phytoseiid abundance in four vineyards and in plots located at different distance from flowering hop plants. Pollen (Carpinus betulus and Typha spp.) was sprayed onto the foliage to evaluate the potential impact of this food source on predatory mite abundance. Finally, grass management was investigated to analyze the effect of a reduced mowing frequency on predatory mite population densities.RESULTSArboreal pollen was found mostly during the spring and the grapevine blossoming period. Nonarboreal pollen dominated throughout the growing seasons. In vineyards, the abundance of Amblyseius andersoni, Kampimodromus aberrans, Phytoseius finitimus, Typhlodromus pyri eggs and motile forms increased after a phase of large pollen availability. Hop pollen promoted K. aberrans population increases in vineyards. Pollen applications increased predatory mite egg and motile form densities and similar effects were obtained by reducing mowing frequency in vineyards.CONCLUSIONPollen availability positively affects the biology of four phytoseiid species, promoting stable predatory mite populations in vineyards. However, natural pollen availability and predatory mite abundance often decrease in summer, and pollen supply can mitigate this trend. A higher pollen availability could be guaranteed by inserting hedges comprising species having scalar bloom, reducing mowing of inter‐row groundcover and spraying pollen. The presence of flowering plants surrounding vineyards and in their inter‐rows should be considered as a relevant factor to enhance the success of biocontrol tactics against phytophagous mites in viticulture.

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СОРТОИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЧЕРЕШНИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ САМАРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Sweet cherry is appreciated among people for its early ripening and high fruit quality. Spring frosts often occur during the cherry blossom period in Samara region and dry and hot weather during flowering damage flowers and ovaries. Sweet cherry productivity can be significantly increased as a result of selection. The purpose of the research is to develop and transfer to the state variety testing adaptive sweet cherry varieties for the conditions of Samara region. Research objective is to study the main economically useful traits and biological properties of the sweet cherry varieties available in the collection. Trees of sweet cherry varieties of different ages at the site of primary variety study were the objects of phenological observations and records. Research on selection and primary variety study was carried out according to the existing methods of work with fruit and berry crops. As a result of intervarietal crosses and sowing of seeds from free pollination of the best varieties, 12 new elite forms of sweet cherry were obtained. One cherry variety called Nyusha was handed over for state testing. As a result of work on primary variety study, the productivity, ripening time and quality of fruits and elites of sweet cherry, resistance of varieties to diseases and pests were studied. The assortment of adaptive varieties available in the collection was determined, the nature of tree damage in winter period was established. The best in terms of productivity are the varieties Bryanskaya Rozovaya, Nyusha, Pervinka, Symphony, Fatezh, the elites TSKHA-1 and TSKHA-2.

DIVERSITY OF THE APRICOT GENE POOL IN THE NAKHCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC

In the course of research work carried out by field expeditions in stationary and cameral-laboratory conditions the gene
 pool of the apricot cultivated in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Nakhchivan AR) was defined, the biological features
 and pomological indicators were explored and comparative analysis was held.
 As a result it was specified that among the varieties of apricot cultivated in Nakhchivan AR 42.9 % are local varieties,
 11.9 % are introduced varieties and 45.2 % are introduced forms. Also the distribution area of varieties is determined, among
 which Abutalibi, Haqverdi, Ghirmiziyanaq, Aghchanabad, Agh novresti, Hosrovshakhi, Teberze, Balyarim, Shalakh varieties
 are the most economically important. According to ripening period 30.5 % of varieties are early ripen, 47.8 % are mid-season,
 21.7 % are late ripen; and among forms 31.6 % are early ripen, 42.1 % are mid-season and 26.3 % are late ripen. By research
 it is detected that Nakhchivan novresti varieties, Kotam-2, Dasta-4 forms in comparison with other varieties and forms are
 the most early ripen. While phase tracing, the dependence of blossom period on climatic conditions and ripening period
 on genotypic characteristics was detected. It is noted that the fruit weight of the investigated varieties and forms is about
 32.0–58.4 gm and the proportion of pulp is between 90.0–95.8 %.
 The highest degustation assesment was given to Nakhchivan novresti, Shalakh, Abutalibi, Balyarim, Agh erik, Goyjenabat,
 Red partisan varieties and Dasta-4, Dasta-9, Jugha-5,Ordubad-12, Sharur-5 forms.

The investigation of biological and pomological indicators of apricot in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

According to the field expeditions, in the conditions of stationary and cameral laboratory investigations the genofund of apricot cultivated in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is defined. The biological features and pomological parameters are specified and the comparative analysis is carried out. As a result of the analysis, it became clear that among the apricot cultivars grown on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, 42.9% are of local origin, 11.9% are introduced cultivars and 45.2% are forms. The distribution area of cultivars are determined and it is noted that Abutalibi, Haqverdi, Girmiziyanag, Aghchanabhat, Agh novreste, Khosropshahi, Teberze, Balyarim, Shalakh cultivars have much productivity importance and they widely cultivated in the region. During the conducted expeditions, it was revealed that apricot is mainly grown in the Ordubad district of the Autonomous Republic. It was defined that 30.5% of cultivars are early ripening, 47.8% of them are midseason ripening, 21.7% of them are late ripening; but 31.6% of forms are early, 42.1% of them are middle, 26.3% of them are late ripening. The research revealed that Nakhchivan novresti cultivar and Kotam-2, Dasta-4 forms are the most early ripening in comparison with other cultivars and forms. During the learning of the phase it was proved that the blossom period is depend on climate factors and ripening period is depending on genotype features. Weight the cultivars and forms is about 32.0-58.4 g and the pulp is between 90.0-95.8%. As a result of biological and zoological studies, 41.9% of cultivars and forms were distinguished by high values of these indicators. During the dequstation Nakhchivan novresti, Shalakh, Abutalibi, Balyarim, Agh erik, Goyjenabad, Girmizi partizan sorts and Jugha-5, Dasta-4, Dasta-9, Ordubad-12, Sharur-5 forms are rated with the highest scores.

The Potential of Using the New Species Monarda Didyma L. for Introduction in Western Siberia

This article examines the introduction and use of the new species Monarda didyma L. in the conditions of Western Siberia. The rhythm of the seasonal development of the longrhizome-taprhizome life form was investigated. The timing and duration of the basic phenological phases were determined and their temperature thresholds were identified. Based on the phenological development, it was established that M. didyma can be classified as a long-growing evergreen plant. According to the identified blossoming period, the species falls into the long-flowering late-summer group. The presented phenological spectrum represents an important comparative and practical tool for Western Siberia and other geographical areas. The new species has a promising outlook for cultivation in Western Siberia and possesses a high adaptive potential, which allows for its use as an essential-oil-bearing, aromatic, decorative and melliferous plant.
 Keywords: M. didyma, of using, introduction, rhythm of seasonal development

Phytochemicals from edible flowers: Opening a new arena for healthy lifestyle

• An account of edible flowers (cultivated/wild) have been presented. • Nutritional and phytochemical composition of edible flowers have been discussed. • Utilization of edible flowers in development of functional foods has been explained. • This article helps to popularize the edible flowers among consumers, food and nutraceutical industry. Demand for more attractive and high quality food is growing every day. The increasing interest in functional foods and nutraceuticals has exaggerated exploration into new foods that have positive effects on human wellbeing. Even more we see edible flowers as a new way of nutritional health. Edible flowers are non-poisonous, giving any dish new colour, texture and freshness, and apart from the “alluring” factor, they are potential sources of phytochemicals. Various phytochemicals such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids and phenolics are responsible for health promoting effects of edible flowers. Novel evidence regarding the composition and health benefits of edible flowers is imperative and epitomizes an ample cause for their ingestion. However, due to short blossoming period or most of the flowers are consumed by local people as food and medicine. There have been few attempts to use edible flowers, but remaining are still unexplored and need to be exploited in order to attain food and nutritional security and to upsurge the work opportunities for rural people. Hence, to accomplish this, the present review article was aimed to present the research work on edible flowers such as various species of edible flowers, nutritional and phytochemical composition, health benefits of edible flowers, traditional usage, pre and post-harvest technology, functional food products incorporated with edible flowers, marketing and toxicological aspects. This article helps to popularize the edible flowers among consumers and food industry which are very potent source of nutraceutical compounds.

武汉大学樱花花期长度特征及预报方法

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 武汉大学樱花花期长度特征及预报方法 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201909241996 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFA0606102） Characteristics and forecast of flowering duration of Cherry Blossoms in Wuhan University Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:武汉大学樱花是武汉的一张"城市名片"，开展樱花花期长度的预报工作，可为旅游部门管理工作和游客安排出行时间提供合理的参考。根据1979-2018年40年武汉大学樱园日本樱花树始花期和落花期的观测资料及同期气象资料的研究分析表明：（1）樱花的始花期和落花期在20世纪80-90年代期间有明显的提前；从20世纪90年代末开始至今，始花期与落花期变化趋势不明显，但变率较大，与全球气候变化停滞期相吻合；40年间花期长度变率很大，整体无明显的增多或减少的趋势。（2）平均始花期为3月14-15日，落花期为3月31日-4月1日，平均花期长度为18d。（3）花期长度与当年始花期日序数、开花期间平均气温、开花期间最高平均气温、最低平均气温和温度日较差平均值均呈负相关，与开花期间总降水量呈正相关。与开花期内平均极大风速值、平均降水量和日照时数等无明显相关性。（4）用1979-2015年共37年资料建立了樱花花期长度的单因子拟合、多因子回归及主成分分析模型，用2016-2018年3年资料进行检验，对武汉大学樱花花期长度进行了预报，取得了较好的试验效果。其中主成分回归模型、降水单因子拟合模型和多因子樱花花期长度回归模型预报效果最好，平均绝对误差在1.5d左右，后期将会把预报模型运用到实际的樱花花期预报工作中。 Abstract:Japanese cherry blossoms of Wuhan University is a city card of Wuhan. It can provide a reasonable reference for the management of tourism department and the arrangement of travel time for tourists to carry out the prediction of the length of cherry blossom period. A 40-year-old (1979-2018) dataset of flowering dates of Japanese cherry blossoms at Wuhan University Campus associated with the meteorological data was used for developing a method of forecasting the flowering duration of cherry blossoms. (1) The first-flowering and falling flowering date of cherry blossoms were obviously advanced in the 1980s-1990s. Since the end of 1990s, the trend of initial flowering and falling flower period is not obvious, but the rate of variation is large, which coincides with the stagnation period of global climate change.In the past 40 years, the change rate of florescence length was very large, but there was no obvious trend of increase or decrease. (2) The average first-flowering date was March 14-15, the falling flowering date was March 31 to April 1, and the average flowering period was 18 days. (3) The length of flowering period was negatively correlated with the first-flowering date, and negatively correlated with the average temperature, the highest average and the lowest average temperature during flowering period. It's also negatively correlated with the average daily temperature difference, and positively correlated with the total precipitation during florescence. There was no significant correlation with the average maximum wind speed, average precipitation and sunshine hours during flowering period. (4) Single factor fitting, multi-factor regression and principal component analysis model of cherry blossom period length were established based on the data from 1979 to 2015, which were tested by the data from 2016 to 2018. These models were used to predict the length of cherry blossom period in Wuhan University and good experimental results were obtained. Among them, principal component regression model, precipitation single factor fitting model, and multi-factor cherry blossom period length regression model are the best, with an average absolute error of about 1.5 days. In the future, the prediction model will be applied to the actual cherry blossom period prediction. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The Effect of Different Harvest Periods on Essential Oil Content and Components of Turkish Oregano (Origanum onites L.) in Eskişehir Ecological Conditions

Bu çalışma, farklı hasat zamanlarının (tomurcuklanma öncesi, tomurcuklanma dönemi, %50 çiçeklenme dönemi ve çiçeklenme bitimi) İzmir kekiğinin (Origanum onites L.) uçucu yağ oranı ve bileşimi üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında, Eskişehir ilinde tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmanın iki yıllık ortalamasına göre, en düşük (%2.42) ve en yüksek (%3.60) uçucu yağ oranı sırasıyla tomurcuklanma öncesi ve % 50 çiçeklenme döneminde elde edilmiştir. Uçucu yağın birinci ana bileşeni olan karvakrol yıllar ortalamasında %68.64-81.32 arasında değişirken, ikinci ana bileşen olan γ-terpinen ise % 6.63-11.91 arasında değişmiştir. Uçucu yağ oranı ve bileşenleri dikkate alındığında, Eskişehir ekolojik koşullarında İzmir kekiği yetiştiriciliği için en uygun hasat zamanının %50 çiçeklenme dönemi olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Aerobiology in South Africa: A new hope!

Pollen and fungal spores (aerospora) are the major atmospheric bioaerosols. Aerospora occurrence and concentration vary by geographical region and blossoming period, and with meteorological factors. Allergic respiratory diseases affect about 20 million South Africans, with pollen and fungal allergens amongst the leading triggers. Asthma triggered by aerospora can be life threatening; allergic rhinitis causes considerable morbidity and carries financial implications for individuals and health systems. Thus, knowledge about geographical variation, seasonal timing and intensity, as well as annual aerospora fluctuations in South Africa, where climate and vegetation are exceptionally diverse, is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment of allergies. Unfortunately, there is a lack of continuous aeropalynological data from South Africa. The longest annual monitoring exists for Cape Town (~20 years), with almost no data out of the Cape since the 1990s, and many parts of South Africa have never been monitored. In this brief review, we highlight the cross-disciplinary need for strengthened and expanded continuous aeropalynological study in South Africa, the history of efforts to date, and the introduction of the interdisciplinary South African Pollen Network (SAPNET). SAPNET was launched in seven major cities in August 2019 in order to monitor weekly variations of aerospora, and provide online data for allergy sufferers and health-care providers (www.pollencount.co.za) with the aim to establish regional pollen calendars.
 Significance:
 
 The significance of aerobiology as the study of airborne organic particles which include pollen, spores of fungi and cryptogams, plant hair, insect remains etc. especially as agents of allergic rhinitis (commonly known as hay fever) is outlined. Cases of allergic rhinitis are globally increasing due to current climate change.
 Very limited pollen monitoring data are available for South Africa; such data are a prerequisite for establishing pollen calendars to help medical practitioners and allergy sufferers. SAPNET (South African Pollen Network) addresses this lack of data. Since August 2019, seven 7-day volumetric spore traps have been operating in South Africa in major cities, and are continuously gathering data about the pollen and spore contents in a country which is highly affected by allergic rhinitis.