СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СОРТОИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЧЕРЕШНИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ САМАРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

Sweet cherry is appreciated among people for its early ripening and high fruit quality. Spring frosts often occur during the cherry blossom period in Samara region and dry and hot weather during flowering damage flowers and ovaries. Sweet cherry productivity can be significantly increased as a result of selection. The purpose of the research is to develop and transfer to the state variety testing adaptive sweet cherry varieties for the conditions of Samara region. Research objective is to study the main economically useful traits and biological properties of the sweet cherry varieties available in the collection. Trees of sweet cherry varieties of different ages at the site of primary variety study were the objects of phenological observations and records. Research on selection and primary variety study was carried out according to the existing methods of work with fruit and berry crops. As a result of intervarietal crosses and sowing of seeds from free pollination of the best varieties, 12 new elite forms of sweet cherry were obtained. One cherry variety called Nyusha was handed over for state testing. As a result of work on primary variety study, the productivity, ripening time and quality of fruits and elites of sweet cherry, resistance of varieties to diseases and pests were studied. The assortment of adaptive varieties available in the collection was determined, the nature of tree damage in winter period was established. The best in terms of productivity are the varieties Bryanskaya Rozovaya, Nyusha, Pervinka, Symphony, Fatezh, the elites TSKHA-1 and TSKHA-2.