Blood Vessels In Rat Research Articles

PERBEDAAN ANGIOGENESIS PADA PULPA SETELAH APLIKASI EKSTRAK PROPOLIS DAN KALSIUM HIDROKSIDA

Background : Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by bees ( Apis Mellifera ) from tree buds and mixed with secreted bee wax in order to avoid bacterial contamination in the hive, and also to seal it. Propolis is employed for the treatment of various infectious diseases because it is wellknown that is has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Calcium hydroxide was introduced to the dental profession in 1921 and has been considered the “gold standard” for direct pulp capping materials in the past decades. Aims :This research is to investigate the development of new blood vessels ( angiogenesis ) in rat's dental pulp following application of propolis extract and calcium hydroxide. Methods : There was 43 Strain Wistar rats of 8–16 week old and 200–250 grams in weight were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Pulp exposures were performed on the occlusal surface of right maxillary first molars. At the 1st and 4th groups, as the control group, without pulp capping paste. At the 2rd and 5th groups, pulp exposure was applied with propolis extract. And at 3th and 6th groups pulp exposure was applied with calcium hydroxide ,and the 7th group is negative control is a normal teeth. Pulp exposure was applied with propolis extract. After that, all of the cavities were filled with light cured glass ionomer cement as a permanent filling. Animals on the 1st, 2rd, and 3th groups were decaputed after 7x24 hour post pulp capping material application and were sent for histological examination which new blood vessels ( angiogenesis ) cells were present. And at the 4th, 5th, 6th groups were culled after 7x 24 hour post pulp capping material application and were sent for histological examination which new blood vessels ( angiogenesis ) evaluated were present. Result : All sample were histopathological examinated and data was statiscally analysed using one way ANOVA the histological analysis revealed that the development of the new blood vessels occurred in all group. The new blood vessels ( angiogenesis ) of propolis extract group was milder compared to the control and calcium hydroxide group, with statistical analysis showed significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The development of new blood vessels is earlier happened in group capping material containing propolis and which show with reduce the amount of the new blood vessels in days 7 and 14 than the other group.

Noninvasive label-free detection of circulating white and red blood clots in deep vessels with a focused photoacoustic probe.

Blood clotting is a serious clinical complication of many medical procedures and disorders including surgery, catheterization, transplantation, extracorporeal circuits, infections, and cancer. This complication leads to high patient morbidity and mortality due to clot-induced pulmonary embolism, stroke, and in some cases heart attack. Despite the clear medical significance, little progress has been made in developing the methods for detection of circulating blood clots (CBCs), also called emboli. We recently demonstrated the application of in vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) with unfocused ultrasound transducers for detection of CBCs in small vessels in a mouse model. In the current study, we extend applicability of PAFC for detection of CBCs in relatively large (1.5-2 mm) and deep (up to 5-6 mm) blood vessels in rat and rabbit models using a high pulse rate 1064 nm laser and focused ultrasound transducer with a central hole for an optic fiber. Employing phantoms and chemical activation of clotting, we demonstrated PA identification of white, red, and mixed CBCs producing negative, positive, and mixed PA contrast in blood background, respectively. We confirmed that PAFC can detect both red and white CBCs induced by microsurgical procedures, such as a needle or catheter insertion, as well as stroke modeled by injection of artificial clots. Our results show great potential for a PAFC diagnostic platform with a wearable PA fiber probe for diagnosis of thrombosis and embolism in vivo that is impossible with existing techniques.

1343 ラット大脳皮質における脳微小血管網と組織酸素分圧

1343 ラット大脳皮質における脳微小血管網と組織酸素分圧

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Blood Vessels from in vivo Color Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography Images

Purpose: Current laser treatment for vascular disorders such as port wine stains can have incomplete or unacceptable results. A customized treatment strategy based on knowledge of the patient’s blood vessel structure may effect an improved clinical outcome. Procedure: We tested the feasibility of using color Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) and image processing techniques to locate, measure and reconstruct cutaneous blood vessels in rat and hamster skin. OCT is a recent, potentially noninvasive technique for imaging subsurface tissue structures with micrometer scale resolution. Results: Blood vessels were identified in a series of cross-sectional images, then a three-dimensional reconstruction was made. Parameters that can affect optimum laser treatment parameters, such as average blood vessel depth and luminal diameter, were found from the images. Conclusion: This study shows that color Doppler OCT is a potential tool for improving laser treatment of vascular disorders.

Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive intracardiac neurones, granule-containing cells and nerves associated with ganglia and blood vessels in rat and guinea-pig heart

Intrinsic neuropeptide Y-containing neurones in rat and guinea-pig hearts were studied at the ultrastructural level by the pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique. Intracardiac neuronal cell bodies were often weakly or moderately immunostained, and the labelling was usually pronounced in the Golgi complex, multivesicular bodies, some cisterns of granular endoplasmic reticulum and large granular vesicles. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibres were also observed in association with intracardiac neurones. A subpopulation of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive granule-containing cells in the rat heart are described for the first time and were very heavily labelled; other granule-containing cells were non-immunoreactive, but were contacted by neuropeptide Y-containing nerves. Preterminal regions of nerve fibres that were located in nerve bundles were only weakly neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive, in contrast to the heavy labelling observed in varicosities that contained many synaptic vesicles. Many neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibres were associated with the coronary vasculature and were particularly prominent in the walls of small arteries and arterioles where labelled nerve varicosities were present close to the smooth muscle cells. Immunoreactive nerves were also seen in the myocardium, usually near to capillaries. In axonal varicosities, the central core of large granular vesicles was immunolabelled, and electron-dense immunoreactive material outlined the membranes of small and large clear vesicles. The significance of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive intracardiac neurones and granule-containing cells and the origin of associated labelled nerve fibres in the heart are discussed.

Ultrastructural investigation of nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerves associated with coronary blood vessels of rat and guinea-pig.

Ultrastructural investigation of nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerves closely associated with blood vessels in rat and guinea-pig hearts revealed many labelled nerve fibres in the walls of the main branches of the coronary arteries, and in arterioles, capillaries and post-capillary venules. The number of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve fibres associated with different vessels, even those of the same calibre, varied. Terminal regions of nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive fibres were observed in the endocardium and myocardium. Nitric oxide synthase-labelled fibres displayed electron-dense immunoproduct in both varicose and intervaricose regions. Immunoreactive axonal varicosities contained both small and large synaptic vesicles. The characteristics of the nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerve fibres observed in the heart and the possibility that these fibres represent the processes of intracardiac neurones and/or sensory neurones of extrinsic origin are discussed.

Modification of responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation by the renin-angiotensin system in rats.

1 Angiotensin I (AI) and AII elicited a dose-dependent potentiation of contractions by rat vas deferens produced by low frequency nerve stimulation without enhancing the contraction produced by exogenous noradrenaline. The AII-induced presynaptic potentiation was blocked by the specific antagonist cysteine(8)-AII.2 The vasoconstrictor response to periarterial stimulation of rat isolated perfused kidney was potentiated by AII and there was a lesser enhancement of the effect of exogenous noradrenaline.3 The response to stimulation of complete sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord to blood vessels in the pithed rat was enhanced by angiotensin or vasopressin in direct proportion to the increase in prestimulus muscular tone. The blood pressure in the pithed rats is primarily maintained by the renin-angiotensin system since the converting-enzyme inhibitor (SQ-20881) or bilateral nephrectomy caused further substantial lowering of systemic blood pressure after spinal cord destruction and after treatment with curare and atropine.

The effect of infusing noradrenaline or of stimulating the sympathetic nerves on the blood pressure response to indirect sympathomimetics.

British Journal of Pharmacology and ChemotherapyVolume 30, Issue 1 p. 99-107 Free Access THE EFFECT OF INFUSING NORADRENALINE OR OF STIMULATING THE SYMPATHETIC NERVES ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSE TO INDIRECT SYMPATHOMIMETICS J. S. GILLESPIE, J. S. GILLESPIE Institute of Physiology and Division of Experimental Pharmacology, The University, Glasgow Henry Head Fellow.Search for more papers by this authorT. C. MUIR, T. C. MUIR Institute of Physiology and Division of Experimental Pharmacology, The University, GlasgowSearch for more papers by this author J. S. GILLESPIE, J. S. GILLESPIE Institute of Physiology and Division of Experimental Pharmacology, The University, Glasgow Henry Head Fellow.Search for more papers by this authorT. C. MUIR, T. C. MUIR Institute of Physiology and Division of Experimental Pharmacology, The University, GlasgowSearch for more papers by this author First published: May 1967 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1967.tb02116.xCitations: 6 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL REFERENCES Axelrod, J. (1964). The uptake and release of catecholamines and the effect of drugs. Progress in Brain Research, 8, 81– 89. Brown, L. (1965). The release and fate of the transmitter liberated by adrenergic nerves. Proc. R. Soc. (B), 162, 1– 19. BÜLBRING, E. & Burn, J. H. (1942). An action of adrenaline on transmission in sympathetic ganglia, which may play a part in shock. J. Physiol., 101, 289– 303. Burn, J. H. & Rand, M. J. (1958). The action of sympathomimetic amines in animals treated with reserpine. J. Physiol., 144, 314– 336. Dahlström, A. B. & Zetterström, B. E. M. (1965). Noradrenaline stores in nerve terminals of the spleen: changes during haemorrhagic shock. Science, N.Y., 147, 1583– 1585. DE Schaepdryver, A. F., Bogaert, M., Delaunois, A. L. & Bernard, P. (1963). Peripheral noradrenergic reactivity. Archs int. Pharmacodyn. Ther., 142, 243– 259. Duner, H. & Von Euler, U. S. (1957). Secondary fall in blood pressure following noradrenaline infusion in the cat. Acta physiol. scand., 38, 355– 363. Gillespie, J. S. & Muir, T. C. (1965). Desensitisation of vascular smooth muscle to infused noradrenaline and to tyramine. Communication to British Pharmacological Society, Jan., 1965. Gillespie, J. S. & Hamilton, D. N. H. (1966). Binding of noradrenaline to smooth muscle cells in the spleen. Nature, Lond., 212, 524– 525. Gillespie, J. S. & Muir, T. C. (1967a). A method of stimulating the complete sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord to blood vessels in the pithed rat. Br. J. Pharmac. Chemother., 30, 78– 87. Gillespie, J. S. & Muir, T. C. (1967b). The origin of the decline in the vasopressor response to infused noradrenaline in the pithed rat. Br. J. Pharmac. Chemother., 30, 88– 98. Goldstein, A. (1949). The interactions of drugs and plasma proteins. Pharmac. Rev., 1, 102– 165. Marrazzi, A. S. (1939). Adrenergic inhibition at sympathetic synapses. Am. J. Physiol., 127, 738– 744. Muscholl, E. (1966). Indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines. Pharmac. Rev., 18, Part i, 551– 559. Nasmyth, P. A. (1962). An investigation of the action of tyramine and its interrelationship with the effects of other sympathomimetic amines. Br. J. Pharmac. Chemother., 18, 65– 75. Paton, W. D. M. (1961). A theory of drug action based on the rate of drug-receptor combination. Proc. R. Soc. B., 154, 21– 69. Raab, W. & Gigee, W. (1955). Specific avidity of the heart muscle to absorb and store epinephrine and norepinephrine. Circulation Res., 3, 553– 558. Weiner, N., Draskóczy, P. R. & Burack, W. R. (1962). The ability of tyramine to liberate catecholamines in vivo. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 137, 47– 55. Trendelenburg, U. (1966). Mechanisms of supersensitivity and subsensitivity to sympathomimetic amines. Pharmac. Rev., 18, 629– 640. Citing Literature Volume30, Issue1May 1967Pages 99-107 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Fibrinolytic Activity of the Endothelium

The fibrinolytic activity of the endothelium of blood vessels in guinea pig and rat was demonstrated by histochemical and chemical procedures. The activity might be due to plasmin activator since the endothelium did not show any activity with heated fibrin. It was weak in the proximal aorta which has prevalance of atherosclerosis in rodent, and progressively stronger down the length of the aorta. Strongest activity was observed in the vein. The endothelium of rabbit, most susceptible animal to experimental atherosclerosis did not show any lytic activity against either bovine or rabbit fibrin. Role of fibrinolytic activity of the endothelium on atherosclerosis was discussed.

Role of vasoconstriction in experimental arteriosclerosis.

A method is given for the study of local neuroexcitation with subsequent vasoconstriction and its relationship to experimental arteriosclerosis in unanesthetized animals under normal laboratory conditions. Histological observations of vasoactive areas of stimulated blood vessels in the laboratory rat disclose some of the features observed elsewhere in experimental arteriosclerosis. Possible pathogenic mechanisms relating neurostimulation of autonomic arterial nerves with in situ arteriopathies are discussed.