Rabbit Blood Serum Research Articles

Dynamics of clinical and immunological parameters in retinal pigment epithelium transplantation in the context of combined immunosuppressive therapy in the rabbit model of retinal degeneration

Progressive damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) underlies the pathogenesis of degenerative retinal diseases such as: age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Stargardt’s disease, retinitis pigmentosa, Best’s disease and others. This group of diseases led by AMD leads to irreversible loss of visual functions, blindness and disability. The possibilities of therapy of late stages of AMD are extremely limited. The most promising approach to replace the damaged retinal pigment epithelium appears to be transplantation of RPE cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-RPE) into the subretinal space (SRS). Despite immune privilege in the SRS, transplantation of xenogeneic cellular material causes severe inflammation in the posterior segment of the eye and leads to graft rejection in an in vivo experiment in the absence of immunosuppression. The solution to the problem of tissue incompatibility in this case can be the use of combined immunosuppressive therapy (CIT), aimed, on the one hand, at suppression of local inflammation (in the eye) and, on the other hand, at suppression of the systemic transplantation immune response. The aim of the study: clinical and immunological analysis of the results of transplantation of IPSC-RPE suspension on the background of CIT, including single intravitreal intraoperative administration of kenalog and further systemic application of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), in the model of RPE atrophy in rabbits. Standard and specialized ophthalmological examination was performed at early and distant terms after the intervention in order to clinically assess the posttransplantation process. To analyze the immune status, vitreous humor (VH) and blood serum (BS) of rabbits of the experimental groups were collected. The concentrations of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IL-2 were determined in the biomaterial using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. According to the results of the study, subretinal transplantation of IPSC-RPE, performed against the background of combination of single intravitreal intraoperative administration of kenalog and systemic application of MMF, is a safe method, which provides preservation of the retina and other adjacent structures of the eye and allows to prevent rejection of xenogenic material during its transplantation both in a healthy eye and with pre-formed RPE atrophy, which opens perspectives for full testing of biological effects realized by IPSC-RPE.

The Correlation between Serum Cortisol Concentration in Mammals and the Level of Global Seismic Activity.

A positive correlation was found between the level of global seismic activity and dynamics of cortisol concentration in blood serum of male rabbits (r=0.33, p=0.01) and Campbell's dwarf hamsters (r=0.38, p=0.04). For a small group of healthy volunteers (n=5), we also found a positive correlation between cortisol levels and the number of major earthquakes, excluding aftershocks (r=0.36, p=0.009) and a negative correlation with IL-18 levels (r=-0.28, p=0.04). The body response to earthquakes is not delayed, and the numerous aftershocks do not seem to affect the biological indicators under study. These facts showed that the earthquakes themselves do not affect the cortisol level via the changes of the environmental parameters. In contrast, the underlying biotropic factor is an unknown trigger responsible for an increase in the number of potent earthquakes. Evidently, it is important to take into account the level of global seismicity as a marker of this trigger provoking the rise of glucocorticoid hormones.

PREPARATION OF A SPECIFIC PEROXIDASE CONJUGATE TO THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS

Immunoglobulins are protein compounds in blood plasma - glycoproteins, the main function of which is to protect the body from infections. Immune antibodies are divided into five classes - IgA, IgG, IgM, IgD, IgE. Great importance in diagnostic studies is attached to immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM. During the study, their qualitative and quantitative content is determined. The first determines the presence of infection in the blood, the second determines the level of antibodies in the blood of the organism affected by the disease. For each infection there is a certain level of antibodies M and G in the blood, and some infections are not accompanied by an increase in the level of immunoglobulin. IgG antibodies are large molecules with a mass of about 150 kDa. These are specific antibodies produced by cells of the immune system in response to the attack of pathogens - causative agents of viral, bacterial, fungal and other diseases. G-class immunoglobulins (IgG) are dominant among all other serum immunoglobulins. They ensure the formation of long-term and stable, in some cases lifelong immunity against a number of serious pathologies such as measles, rubella, chickenpox. IgG makes up 80% of all immunoglobulins in the blood serum and up to 20% of its total proteins. Plasmocytes (mature B-lymphocytes) synthesize IgG. G-immunoglobulin (IgG). Immunoglobulins of this isotype have the classic monomeric form and provide the bulk of the antibodies synthesized during the second immune response. Because of its low molecular weight, IgG readily penetrates tissues and is the most studied immunoglobulin with the ability to penetrate the placental barrier. It passes through the placenta from mother to fetus and protects the baby from infection, many different viruses, providing the baby with humoral immunity until the first (until about 4-6 months of age) of its own immunity. Consequently, a newborn baby will have the same antibodies as its mother for the first five to six months of life, and thus will be able to protect itself from all the dangerous pathogens the baby encounters in the mother's life until these antibodies break down and disappear. This set of immunoglobulins is very important for the newborn, who is very susceptible to infections, especially in the respiratory and digestive systems that can activate the complement system. The main purpose of this work is to isolate and purify G-immunoglobulins from rabbit serum immunized with Campylobacteriosis pathogen antigen. As a result of precipitation and purification of rabbit blood serum immunized with Campylobacteriosis antigen-causing agent by saturated ammonium sulfate solution by chromatography method, G-immunoglobulin with a total volume of 30 ml and protein concentration of about 1 mg/ml was isolated. The obtained G-immunoglobulin will be used in the preparation of peroxidase conjugate specific for campylobacteriosis pathogen.

Anacardato de cálcio como fonte de compostos fenólicos na dieta para coelhas Nova Zelândia Branco

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the dietary addition of calcium anacardate as a source of phenolic compounds on the reproductive performance and blood antioxidant parameters of New Zealand White female rabbits. Twenty-seven New Zealand White female rabbits were distributed in a randomized complete block design with three treatments and nine replicates, considering one animal as the experimental unit. The treatments consisted of pelleted diets with different inclusion levels of calcium anacardate (0, 0.5, and 1.0%). The inclusion of calcium anacardate in the diets increased the concentration of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity in the blood of lactating female rabbits. Calcium anacardate at the level of 1.0% improves the feed conversion ratio during gestation and increases the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in the blood serum of female rabbits at 21 days of lactation.

EXPERIMENTAL TOXOCARIASIS IN RABBITS

Toxocariasis as a zoonosis represents a medical and veterinary problem. In the structure of human larval helminthiases, toxocariasis accounts for more than 60%. In non-specific hosts, including humans, toxocara larvae undergo visceral larva migrans, primarily damaging the liver, lungs, and other organs and tissues. Constant reinvasion accumulates second and third-stage larvae in the bodies of nonspecific (paratenic) hosts. In our research, we considered the problem of soil parasitological contamination on rabbit farms and the risks of rabbit infection, emphasising the need to study the involvement of rabbits as paratenic hosts in toxocariasis. We selected rabbits of the Soviet chinchilla breed as experimental animals. Toxocara eggs were administered orally to the animals. Hematological studies were conducted using commonly accepted methods. To detect specific IgG class antibodies, rabbit serum was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The presence of IgG class antibodies in the blood serum of rabbits at a positive titer (1:100) in ELISA allows us to conclude that rabbits, along with other animals, serve as paratenic hosts for Toxocara canis. Haematological research results indicated the absence of significant differences and remained within the physiological norm throughout the entire experiment.

A COMPARATIVE HORMONAL STUDY FOR TWO TYPES OF AMNIOTIC ANIMALS

This research aims to study thyroid hormones, growth hormone, and estrogen hormone in two types of Iraqi amniotes. The study included two types of Mature animals, the local rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), an example of mammals, and the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japanese), an example of birds. Twenty females were taken from each of the rabbits and quails, and they were of sexual maturity and weighed(1347.2 ± 404.2) g and (173.5 ± 42)g respectively. The level of thyroid function T3, T4, TSH, growth hormones (GH), and estrogen (E2) was measured in the blood serum of quail and local rabbit using ELISA technique following the steps in the leflet kit supplied by the company MY BioSource and CUSABIO. The results of the current study.showed a significant increase in the concentration of T3, T4, TSH, and estrogen hormones in the rabbit compared to the quail at a probability of (p≤0.01). The study also showed a Highly significant increase of growth hormone in rabbit serum compared with the quail at probability of (p≤0.05).

Wound Gel with Antimicrobial Effects Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Functional Aryloxycyclotriphosphazene.

A silver-containing gel based on polyvinyl alcohol and aryloxycyclotriphosphazene containing β-carboxyethenylphenoxy and p-formylphenoxy groups has been developed. Phosphazene was synthesized via the Doebner reaction from hexakis[(4-formyl)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene and malonic acid and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The study of the gel using scanning electron microscopy showed that the gel contains open pores and can absorb wound exudate. The maximum water absorption capacity of the gel was 272%, which was reached after 80 min of testing. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained silver-containing gel was evaluated using the diffusion method. The gel was found to inhibit the growth of the main microorganisms in contact with the skin: the bacteria S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, and C. stationis and the fungus C. albicans. The study of the wound-healing effect of the gel in vivo showed a decrease in the wound area of the rabbit hind limb by 91.43% (p < 0.05) on the 10th day of observation and a decrease in the content of C-reactive protein in the rabbit blood serum by 1.3 times (p < 0.05).

Dynamika klinichnykh oznak i pokaznykiv biomarkera zapalennia neopterynu v syrovattsi krovy krolykiv iz eksperymentalnym neinfektsiinym avtoimunnym uveitom, z urakhuvanniam riznoho stupenia tiazhkosty

Introduction. Uveitis is an inflammatory condition involving iris, ciliary body and choroid of the eyebulb. Uveitis curretntly affects about two million people worldwide and is among five leading causes of blindness in the working population. Diagnosis of uveitis requires a number of investigations. As important biomarker in the diagnosis of uveitis can be used the detection of Neopterin (NP) in blood serum, since it is a stable metabolite and its increased level encompass activation of cellular immunity. It should be also noted that NP is present in blood serum and plasma, urine, tears, aqueous humor, vitreous body, other biological fluids and can be easily detected. According to literature data and our own investigations, the concentration of NP usually depends on the degree of activity of the pathological process, and its high concentration of NP is one of the main predictors of an unfavorable prognosis. The aim of the study. To investigate the dynamics of clinical signs and inflammatory biomarker Neopterin level in blood serum of rabbits with experimental non-infectious autoimmune uveitis (NAU) considering varying degrees of severity. Materials and methods. The experimental study was conducted on 30 rabbits of the “Chinchilla” breed, which were divided into two main groups (I and II), 15 animals in each. NAU was induced by intravitreal injection of an undiluted normal sterile horse serum to group I rabbits, while group II animals received diluted with the physiological solution serum in the proportion of 1:2. General sensitization was previously carried out with the same serum injected intravenously. Results. The average level of NP in rabbits before the start of the experiment was 1.7 ± 0.2 nmol/l. It was considered the norm, since there is no information in the literature about the study of NP in healthy rabbits of the “Chinchilla” breed. In the reported research the severity of experimental NAU was estimated due to the concentration of the injected normal sterile horse serum intravitreally. As an additional proof of the development of NAU clinical picture was used the detection of Neopterin concentration in blood serum of rabbits. In both group animals the development of acute inflammation on days 3, 7, 10 and 14 of experiment the NP level was significantly higher compared to control (p-value less than 0.05). However, in the I group animals with moderate and severe NAU, the level of NP was significantly higher than that in group II, in which uveitis was characterized by a mild course. Namely, on the 3rd day of experiment NP concentration in the I group animals was 5.60 ± 0.70 nmol/l, in the group II – 4.70 ± 0.60 nmol/l (p-value less than 0.05); on day 7th – 6.00 ± 0.20 nmol/l and 4.45 ± 0.30 nmol/l (p-value less than 0.05); on day 10th – 5.90 ± 0.40 nmol/l and 2.60 ± 0.40 nmol/l (p-value less than 0.05); on the 14th – 3.80 ± 0.40 nmol/l and 2.10 ± 0.10 nmol/l (p-value less than 0.05). On the day 21st, the NP concentration in both group animals did not differ statistically – estimated level 2.70 ± 0,30 nmol/l, (p-value more than 0.05) – which apparently encompass the regression of inflammatory changes in the eye. Conclusions. A correlation between the severity of experimental non-infectious autoimmune uveitis with concentration of inflammatory biomarker neopterin in blood serum was investigated in rabbits. NP level in all experimental animals was elevated and statistically different in comparison to NP control levels on days 3rd, 7th, 10th and 14th day of experiment. In the group of animals with a more severe course of uveitis, a significantly higher level of NP was noted compared to animals with a milder course of NAU. This observation confirms the immune response to inflammation and the stability of NP biomarker in blood serum. The dynamics of this biomarker levels in rabbits of two experimental groups has a correlation with the dynamics of clinical changes. Detection of the inflammatory biomarker Neopterinin in blood serum can be used as a criterion for assessement the severity of non-infectious autoimmune uveitis, its course and, probably, prognosis.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЖИДКОЙ ВИТАМИННОЙ ДОБАВКИ НА ПРИРОСТ ЖИВОЙ МАССЫ И ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КРОЛИКОВ

The article presents the results of research aimed at studying the effect of the Nitamin liquid vitamin supplement on changes in live weight and the main hematological parameters of young rabbits. The studies were carried out at the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education MGAVMiB – MVA named after K.I. Scriabin in the period 2021–2022. The objects of the study were young rabbits bred by crossing two meat breeds, the Soviet chinchilla and the New Zealand white. The drug «Nitamin» is a liquid vitamin drink supplement aimed at replenishing the deficiency of vitamins A, D3 , E and C in the body of animals. «Nitamin» experimental animals received with water for drinking four days from the age of 60 days and from the age of 74 days at the rate of 1 ml/1 liter of water. The results of the studies indicate that the rabbits who received the drug "Nitamin" with water for drinking, gained live weight more intensively, the weight of the experimental rabbits at the end of the experiment was 3.77 ± 0.26 kg, which is 12.87% more than in control group. The main hematological parameters of young rabbits after the use of the medicinal drinking supplement "Nitamin" were within the physiological norm without pronounced deviations. The amount of hemoglobin in the blood of rabbits of the experimental group at the end of the experiment significantly increased by 28.74% and amounted to 136.14±4.26 g/l. The content of total protein in the blood serum of rabbits of the experimental group significantly increased by 4.81% and amounted to 59.23±3.13 g/l. The obtained research results indicate that the drug "Nitamin" can be used as a safe supplement for the main diet of rabbits in order to increase live weight without exposing their body to any dangerous and harmful effects.

Synthesis of new thioester derivative of aspirin and study its effect on some biochemical parameters in blood serum of rabbits

This presented work was included synthesis of new thioester derivatives by reaction of Aspirin (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) (NSAIDs) and Captopril as a carrier which is used as an antihypertensive drug and an inhibitor for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Aspirin was converted into acid chloride of aspirin then reacted with SH group of captopril to afforded of 1-(3-((2-acetoxybenzoyl)thio)-2-methylpropanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid and characterized by FT-IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The effect of synthesized compound was studied on some biochemical parameters in the blood serum of rabbits. Results of this study indicated: significant increase in the level of total fucose, total protein and globulin. Non- significant increase in the level of albumin, creatinine, glutathione and uric acid, significant decrease in level of Triglycerides and non-significant decrease in the level of Cholesterol, and malondialdehyde.

PRODUCTION OF ANTI-LACTOFERRIN ANTIBODIES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN ANALYSIS OF THE TEAR FLUID IN HEALTH AND CORNEAL INJURIES

Lactoferrin is a ubiquitous and multifunctional protein, which has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Lactoferrin plays an important role in the maintenance of ocular health. The aim of the study was to produce polyclonal antibodies against human lactoferrin in order to apply them in evaluation of lactoferrin levels in tear fluid collected from healthy eye and after corneal injury. Materials and methods. Affine chromatography on Protein A-sepharose was applied in order to isolate immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction from the blood serum of lactoferrin-immunized rabbits. Each step of protein purification was monitored by denaturing gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Target antigen recognition by produced antibodies was established by western blot analysis with the use of diluted IgG fraction. Lactoferrin levels in the tear fluids collected from healthy individuals (n = 4) and patients with non-penetrating corneal injures (n = 6) were determined immunochemically with the use of purified antibodies. The results of western blot of lactoferrin levels in the tear fluids of healthy individuals and patients with corneal wounds were analysed using Mann-Whitney U-test. The difference between group mean values was considered significant at P&lt;0.05. Results. Using affine chromatography on Protein A-sepharose, antibodies against human lactoferrin were purified as IgG fraction from blood serum of lactoferrin-immunized rabbits. Western blot analysis showed that obtained antibodies recognize the antigen as a 75-kDa band, which corresponds to the intact human lactoferrin polypeptide. The same major polypeptide band was visualized by western blot with enhanced chemiluminescence detection in the tear fluid samples. Densitometry analysis of 75-kDa lactoferrin band showed 3.2-fold decrease in lactoferrin level in the tear fluid samples obtained from patients with non-penetrating corneal traumas as compared with samples collected from healthy persons (P&lt;0.05). Besides, tear fluid of patients with injured corneas contained large amounts of truncated lactoferrin immunoreactive polypeptides as well as high molecular weight bands, which could correspond to lactoferrin complexes with other proteins occurring during inflammation. Conclusions. According to our data, obtained anti-lactoferrin antibodies can be used as a valuable tool for development of advanced tests and procedures for diagnostics of eye diseases associated with the corneal lesions. Reduced lactoferrin concentration might represent a potential prognostic biomarker for diagnosis of ocular diseases including non-penetrating corneal injuries in a simple and non-invasive way.

Effect of Gadolinium Orthovanadate Nanoparticles on Male Rabbits' Reproductive Performance under Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress as a leading factor of male infertility requires correction with modern pharmacological agents, particularly redox-active nanoparticles, to improve sperm quality and hormonal balance. The current experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of orthovanadate nanoparticles of rare earth elements, particularly Gadolinium, with pronounced redox properties on the reproductive function of male rabbits under oxidative stress. A total of 36 mature male Hyla rabbits were divided into three groups of intact control (n = 12) and two experimental groups, including rabbits ubder oxidative stress (n = 12), induced by the introduction of tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, and those under oxidative stress plus hydrosol of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles (NPs, n = 12) intake for 14 days. There were four rabbits per three replicates in each group. Animals of all groups were kept on the same diet and had free access to water. The use of NPs led to an improvement in sperm quality indicators. There was an improvement in motility and ejaculate volume indicators (by 14.6% and 39.2%, respectively), a reduction of the content of morphologically abnormal sperm by 26.7%; normalization of sex hormones, an increase in the level of total testosterone (by 113%) with a decrease in 17-β-estradiol (by 16.5%). This sex hormones improvement led to an increase in the androgen saturation of the rabbit’s body (free androgen index at the end of the experiment was 36.5%). The obtained changes were accompanied by a decrease in the oxidative load, as evidenced by a reduced content of diene conjugates and thio-barbituric acid-reactive compounds in the blood serum of rabbits by 30.4% and 26.8%, compared to the control. At the same time, there was an increase in the antioxidant potential, especially its glutathione link – the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase (by 42.5% and 34.2%, respectively), and the content of reduced glutathione increased by 62.3%, compared to the indicators before the introduction of NPs. The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of using gadolinium orthovanadate NPs to correct the reproductive function of males under oxidative stress.

The Effect of the BCO2 Genotype on the Expression of Genes Related to Carotenoid, Retinol, and α-Tocopherol Metabolism in Rabbits Fed a Diet with Aztec Marigold Flower Extract

This study investigated the effect of the BCO2 genotype and the addition of Aztec marigold flower extract to rabbit diets on the expression of BCO1, BCO2, LRAT, and TTPA genes in the liver. The levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, retinol, and α-tocopherol in the liver and blood serum of rabbits, as well as plasma biochemical parameters and serum antioxidant enzyme activities were also determined. Sixty male Termond White growing rabbits were divided into three groups based on their genotype at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene (ins/ins, ins/del and del/del); each group was divided into two subgroups: one subgroup received a standard diet, and the other subgroup was fed a diet supplemented with 6 g/kg of marigold flower extract. The obtained results indicate that the BCO2 genotype may affect the expression levels of BCO1 and BCO2 genes in rabbits. Moreover, the addition of marigold extract to the diet of BCO2 del/del rabbits may increase the expression level of the BCO2 gene. Finally, an increase in the amount of lutein in the diet of rabbits with the BCO2 del/del genotype contributes to its increased accumulation in the liver and blood of animals without compromising their health status or liver function.

Study of the protective role of panax ginseng aqueous extract on the antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and oxidants malondialdehyde (MDA) in male rabbits treated with lead acetate for 30 days

The Study involved twenty healthy adult white male rabbits (Lepus arcticus L.). the average weight (1500- 1600) Kg and aged from eight months to one year. The rabbits ware divided to four groups(G) each group contains five rabbits. G1 was treated with normal saline (1.5) ml orally as negative control group, G2 was treated with lead acetate (150) mg/kg as positive control group, G3 was treated with the aqueous extract of the Panax ginseng (400 ) mg/kg b.wt and G4 was treated with the aqueous extract of the Panax ginseng ( 400) mg/kg b.wt after 3 hours given them lead acetate (150 mg/kg b. wt/day) for peroid 30 days . study aimed to determine the protective role of Panax ginseng extract on the antioxidants glutathione GSH and oxidants malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood serum of male rabbits for 30 days. The result of present study showed: increase (P&lt;0.05) in mean levels of glutathione (GSH) in the (G3) and (G4) group compare with Second group (positive control G2). decrease (P&lt;0.05) in mean levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in group (G3) and (G4) compare with Second group (positive control G2).

The Effect of Humic Substances as an Organic Supplement on the Fattening Performance, Quality of Meat, and Selected Biochemical Parameters of Rabbits.

In this study, we assessed the effect of humic substances, as an organic supplement in feed, on the fattening performance, meat quality and selected lipid and mineral parameters from the blood serum of rabbits. Three groups of the Giant Saris rabbit breed were used (one control and two experimental), with 16 animals per group. The animals in the control group were fed a standard pellet diet, the humic substances group received a basal diet supplemented with 5% humic substances, and the third group received a basal diet with 5% humic–fatty substances preparation during the entire experiment (from 35 to 120 days of age). There were 85 days of fattening; then, the rabbits were slaughtered. In the group supplemented with 5% humic–fatty substances addition, we noticed a higher final weight (p < 0.05) and higher average daily gains compared to the control group at the end of the fattening period, at 120 days of age. On the other hand, a slightly lower final weight (p > 0.05) in the group supplemented with humic substances was found compared to the control group. In the comparison of the individual parameters of the meat quality in rabbits, we observed a positive effect in the reduction in the intramuscular fat content and the lipid parameters as well as a lower total cholesterol from the blood serum in both supplemented groups. Regarding the mineral parameters, we observed elevated blood serum values of calcium and phosphorus in both experimental groups. The addition of humic–fatty substances appears to be the most effective way of supplementing rabbit feed due to the synergistic effect of humates and vegetable oils for their optimal growth development and the production of reduced-fat meat.

CHANGES IN THE CONTENT OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND CIRCULATING IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF RABBIT RECIPIENTS DURING ALLOGENEOUS WHOLE BLOOD TRANSFUSION

The paper presents the results of research on changes in the content of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in the blood serum of recipient rabbits after allogeneic whole blood transfusion. The relevance of the work is determined by the importance of monitoring the state of immunoglobulins and CIC, since these indicators inform about the success of the blood transfusion procedure and the removal of the material by the recipient's immune system. Thus, the aim of the work was to study changes in the content of immunoglobulins and CIC in the blood serum of recipient rabbits. The material for research was blood serum samples obtained from 5 rabbits on 3, 8 and 23 days after transfusion. In the experiments, clinically healthy animals were used, which were transfused with whole blood. The feeding diet of the experimental animals met the need for nutrients and biologically active substances, the animals had free access to water. Blood from donor animals was collected from the jugular vein using a semi-closed method. Donor blood samples of rabbits were prepared in polymer containers with the anticoagulant Tsfda. Keeping animals, transfusions, manipulations and conducting research were carried out on the basis and in the conditions of Vedmedservis NSC, Animal Blood Bank NNL and the Department of Surgery and Pathophysiology named after Acad. I.O. Povazhenka, NULES of Ukraine. The study of the content of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of rabbits was carried out according to the Mancini method, the CIC was determined by the method based on the selective precipitation of high molecular weight immune complexes contained in the blood serum with polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 6000Da, followed by the determination of the optical density by spectrophotometry at λ = 450 nm. Based on the results of the research, it was established that with allogeneic transfusion of whole blood to recipient rabbits, there is a significant increase in the content of immunoglobulins of class M in blood serum on the 3rd day of the experiment and a decrease in their content on the 23rd day of the experiment. It was shown that with allogeneic transfusion of whole blood to recipient rabbits, the content of immunoglobulins of class G and A in blood serum decreases during the 23 days of the experiment. Allogeneic transfusion of whole blood in the body of recipient rabbits activates the formation of circulating immune complexes in the blood serum of animals, which can be deposited in the perivascular space and cortical layer of the kidneys, causing complement activation and inflammatory processes.

Rapid FRET-based homogeneous immunoassay of procalcitonin using matched carbon dots labels

A novel method for the detection of procalcitonin in a homogeneous system by matched carbon dots (CDs) labeled immunoprobes was proposed based on the principle of FRET and double antibody sandwich method. Blue-emitting carbon dots with a strong fluorescence emission range of 400–550 nm and red-emitting carbon dots with the best excitation range of 410–550 nm were prepared before they reacted with procalcitonin protoclone antibody pairs to form immunoprobes. According to the principles of FRET, blue-emitting carbon dots were selected as the energy donor and red-emitting carbon dots as the energy receptor. The external light source excitation (310 nm) could only cause weak luminescence of CDs. However, once procalcitonin was added, procalcitonin and antibodies would be combined with each other quickly (≤20 min). Here, blue-emitting carbon dots acquired energy could be transferred to red-emitting carbon dots efficiently, causing the emitted fluorescence enhancement of red-emitting carbon dots. The fluorescence detection results in PBS buffer solution and diluted rabbit blood serum showed that the fluorescence intensity variation was linear with the concentration of procalcitonin. There was a good linear relationship between F/F0 and procalcitonin concentrations in PBS buffer solution that ranged from 0 to 100 ng ml−1, and the linear equation was F/F0 = 0.004 * C pct + 0.98359. Detection in the diluted rabbit serum led to the results that were linear in two concentration ranges, including 0–40 ng ml−1 and 40–100 ng ml−1, and the detection limit based on 3σ K−1 was 0.52 ng ml−1. It is likely that this matched CDs labeled immunoprobes system can provide a new mode for rapid homogeneous detection of disease markers.

On the cultivation of dental spirochetes

The method of cultivation of most spirochaetes is not yet generally available to every bacteriological laboratory; cultivation is associated with considerable, sometimes even insurmountable difficulties, both in relations to preparation of nutrient media and cultivation technique itself, and especially in terms of obtaining pure cultures. For preparation of nutrient media one usually needs blood serum of human, horse, rabbit, ram or guinea pig, or ascitic fluid or hydrocele fluid.

Recyclable europium functionalized metal-organic fluorescent probe for detection of tryptophan in biological fluids and food products

An europium functionalized metal-organic fluorescent probe, Eu3+@UiO-66-FDC was constructed by post-synthetic modification through coordination interactions. Eu3+@UiO-66-FDC displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward Tryptophan (Trp) among all the 20 natural amino acids and other general compounds in food and biological samples, with a wide linear concentration range (0–1000 μM), low detection limit (0.29 μM), and a rapid response (<1 min). Besides, this probe was utilized to detect Trp in rabbit blood serum and milk samples with good recoveries, which were verified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Notably, this fluorescent probe proved to be a recyclable material. Hence, this work provides a reliable and recyclable fluorescent probe applicable toward the detection of Trp in biological fluids and/or food products.

Effect of Phosphatidylcholine Nanosomes on Phospholipid Composition of the Plasma Membranes in Liver Cells and Blood Serum in Experimental Atherosclerosis.

Alimentary atherosclerosis is associated with a significant decrease in the content of phosphatidylcholine, the phospholipid that provides antioxidant protection, in the plasma membrane of liver cells, while the level of phosphatidic acid that initiates generation of superoxides, on the contrary, increases. The level of membrane phosphatidylserine, a target of the scavenger receptors, which initiates removal of damaged cells and modified lipoproteins from the circulation was also elevated. In the blood serum of rabbits receiving an atherogenic diet, the content of cardiolipin involved in the immune mechanisms of atherosclerosis development and a risk factor for thrombosis, sharply increased. The level of lysophosphatidylcholine that mediates initiation and progression of atherosclerosis increased. The content of phosphatidylinositol that is involved in the mechanisms protecting from exposure to excess cholesterol was significantly reduced. Treatment of alimentary atherosclerosis with "empty" phosphatidylcholine nanosomes eliminates the key factors initiating atherosclerosis development.