Blood Lipoprotein Profile Research Articles

Chronic High Doses of Nandrolone Decanoate on Blood Cell, Lipoprotein Profile, and Liver Enzymes in Male Rats

Background: Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is a doping agent and it is used by athletes. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the chronic, high doses of ND administration on Blood cell, lipid profile, and Liver enzymes in male rats. Materials and Methods: This experiment was executed on 30 wistar- Albino male rats divided, after weighing, in control, placebo, and test groups (n = 10). Test group received 15 mg/kg intramuscular (IM) ND for duration of 8 weeks. Group placebo received the same volume of placebo although control group did not receive any agent during the trial period. At the end, animals were anes- thetized by diethyl ether, scarified, and then blood samples were collected from cervical vessels immediately. Blood cell, lipoprotein profile, and liver enzymes were measured by ordinary methods. Obtained data were analyzed by SPSS V. 15, via ANOVA and Tukey test. Results were expressed as mean SD. Statistical dierence was significantly recognized by P 0.05. Results: Results showed that AST, ALT, cell blood count, hemoglobin, hematocrite, and cholesterol values in group test were in- creased significantly compared to those of other groups; however, HDL value in this group decreased noticeably compared to con- trol and Placebo groups. Conclusions: Present study revealed that chronic high doses of ND administration alter the liver enzymes, lipid profile, and blood parameter in male rats.

Changes in stress index, blood antioxidants and lipid profile between trained and untrained young female adults during treadmill exercise test: A comparative study

Background: Having regular exercise has been linked to healthy living. However, exercise is also a stressor. How the body maintain homeostasis in the phase of changing blood chemistry during exercise has been the subject of many discussions. Aim: This study investigated the changes in blood pressure parameters, changes in blood glucose, cortisol, lipids, testosterone and blood free radicals, in exercise-trained young female adults and those living a sedentary lifestyle during a treadmill exercise test. Materials and Methods: Trained and untrained-participants were recruited for this study using predetermined criteria. Basal parameters such as height waist circumference, blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, lipid profile as well as antioxidant status were measured prior to and immediately after treadmill exercise test. Results: The results showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in plasma level of glutathione (trained 0.040 ± 0.006, untrained 0.088 ± 0.035 ΅mol/ml), catalase (trained 0.909 ± 0.057, untrained 1.079 ± 0.024 mg/ml), malondialdehyde (MDA) (trained 0.062 ± 0.012, untrained 0.088 ± 0.011 nmol/ml), cardiac risk index (trained 1.96 ± 0.19, untrained 5.88 ± 0.33) and testosterone cholesterol ratio (TCR) (trained 0.40 ± 0.02, untrained 0.50 ± 0.04 × 10−2 ) in trained-participants compared to untrained-participants. Post-exercise level of superoxide dismutase (before-trained, 0.116 ± 0.005 after-trained, 0.093 ± 0.014 mg/ml) and MDA (before exercise 0.067 ± 0.007, after exercise 0.062 ± 0.012 nmol/ml) were also significantly reduced in trained-participants compared with the pre-exercise level in the same group unlike what was obtained in untrained-participants. A significant decreased pre-exercise test level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and ratio of LDL to high density lipoprotein (HDL) was recorded in trained compared to untrained-participants. Post-exercise test level of LDL, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL ratios were all significantly lowered in trained-participants compared with the untrained-participants. Conclusion: Involvement of young female adults in exercise training promotes body antioxidant response system and also reduced the TCR during treadmill exercise test compared to untrained young female adults living a sedentary lifestyle. Prior involvement in exercise training also promoted healthy blood lipid and lipoprotein profile in this group of participants compared to the untrained-participants.

The effects of progressive low to high intensity exercise training on blood lipids and lipoprotein profiles in collegiate adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of progressive low to high intensity exercise training on blood lipids and lipoprotein profiles in collegiate adolescents. Twenty (20) male and female adolescents who were volunteer to participate in physical exercise program and who were studying in Jimma University College of natural science were taken as a subject. The selected subjects were evaluated the baseline blood lipids and lipoprotein profiles before starting exercise training. Registered laboratory technicians were collect a sample of 5 mL fasting venous blood from each subject just before beginning the exercise, the second and the third blood tests were performed after the 4 th and 8 th weeks exercise training programs respectively. The subjects assigned to an individualized training program that consisted of walking, jogging and running progressively from low to high intensity. During 8 weeks the program included three training sessions per week. Descriptive statistics were produced for each of the parameters. Paired sample T-tests was performed, to find out the significant difference in selected lipid and lipoprotein profile. The significance level was set at P< 0.05 for each of the statistical tests performed. The SPSS 20 software was used for the statistical analysis. The mean TC difference of male and female subjects was 39.160 mmol/L (26.61%) and 50.260 mmol/L (29.63%) respectively after exercise training. The mean TG difference of male and female subjects was 20.660 mmol/L (19.31%) and by 23.020 mmol/L (18.68%) respectively after exercise training. The mean HDL difference of male and female subjects was 28.630 mmol/L (58.29%) and 24.320 mmol/L (52.04%) respectively after exercise training. And the mean LDL difference of male and female subjects was 33.080 mmol/L (31.03%) and by 48.210 mmol/L (36.58%) respectively after exercise training. Both male and female subjects showed that a significant increment in HDL and significant decrements showed in TC and LDL but not in TG. This study showed that exercise in female subjects reduce better TC, TG and LDL level than male subjects and male subjects develop better HDL level than female subjects. To be more beneficial in blood lipids and lipoprotein changes adolescents should participate in progressive low to high intensity exercise training programs additional to their daily routine.

The effects of progressive low to high intensity exercise training on blood lipids and lipoprotein profiles in collegiate adolescents

The effects of progressive low to high intensity exercise training on blood lipids and lipoprotein profiles in collegiate adolescents

The effects of exercise training on the traditional lipid profile and beyond.

The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information regarding the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the traditional blood lipid and lipoprotein profile. In addition, emerging coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, such as postprandial lipemia (PPL) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), are reviewed. Numerous studies report that aerobic exercise combined with weight loss significantly reduces blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) while improving high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Both aerobic and resistance training demonstrated a reduction in non-HDL-C independent of changes in body weight. Transient beneficial effects of a single session of aerobic exercise are observed for PPL. Nonetheless further research is needed to provide a better understanding of the potential mechanisms for reducing PPL. Exercise as an intervention for patients with MetS leads to improved CAD risk factors including atherogenic dyslipidemia, blood pressure, body composition, insulin sensitivity, and fat metabolism.

Multiple presence of prothrombotic risk factors in Croatian children with arterial ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack

AimTo determine the frequency of inherited and acquired prothrombotic risk factors in children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in Croatia.MethodsWe investigated 14 prothrombotic risk factors using blood samples from 124 children with AIS or TIA and 42 healthy children. Prothrombotic risk factors were classified into five groups: natural coagulation inhibitors (antithrombin, protein C, protein S), blood coagulation factors (FV Leiden and FII 20210), homocysteine, lipid and lipoprotein profile (lipoprotein (a), triglycerides, total, high- and low-density lipoprotein), and antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, and antiphosphatidylserine antibodies).ResultsThe most common prothrombotic risk factor was elevated lipoprotein (a), which was identified in about 31% of patients and in 24% of controls. Natural coagulation inhibitors were decreased in about 19% of patients, but not in controls. Pathological values of homocysteine, blood coagulation factor polymorphisms, and antiphospholipid antibodies were found in similar frequencies in all groups. Fourteen children with AIS and TIA (11.3%) and no children from the control group had three or more investigated risk factors.ConclusionThe presence of multiple prothrombotic risk factors in children with cerebrovascular disorder suggests that a combination of risk factors rather than individual risk factors could contribute to cerebrovascular disorders in children.

Sleep fragmentation affects LDL-cholesterol and adipocytokines independent of food intake in rats

To explore biological mechanisms underlying the association between sleep fragmentation and hypercholesterolemia, we conducted an experimental study with 36 Wistar male rats aged 7 weeks. An experimental model for 4-day subchronic sleep fragmentation was applied to rats which were fed ad libitum or were given 50% restricted amount of standard chow. Sleep fragmentation was induced by a treadmill which moved intermittently for 3 s with 30-second pauses between moves. Blood lipid and lipoprotein profiles and adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels were compared among four groups including rats with ad libitum sleep and ad libitum intake (Control), those exposed to sleep fragmentation with ad libitum intake (SF), those with ad libitum sleep and diet restriction (DR), and those exposed to sleep fragmentation and diet restriction (SF+DR). SF and SF+DR showed a higher ratio of LDL and HDL cholesterol (184% and 132% increase, P-value for SF effects <0.001) and ghrelin (64% and 18% increase, P-value for SF effects <0.01) and lower leptin (76% and 44% decrease, P-value for SF effects <0.001) and adiponectin levels (3% and 18% decrease, P-value for SF effects <0.01) than Control. The LDL and HDL cholesterol ratio was highly correlated with leptin (rho = −0.92, P-value <0.001) and ghrelin (rho = 0.53, P-value <0.05) in Control and DR as well as with adiponectin (rho = −0.85, P-value <0.001) and leptin (rho = −0.60, P-value <0.01) in SF and SF+DR. Based on these findings, we suggest that sleep fragmentation may induce lipoprotein disturbances independent of food intake with decreased levels of adiponectin and leptin.

Acute Exercise and Training Alter Blood Lipid and Lipoprotein Profiles Differently in Overweight and Obese Men and Women

Our purpose was to elucidate effects of acute exercise and training on blood lipids-lipoproteins, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in overweight/obese men (n = 10) and women (n = 8); age, BMI, body fat percentage, and VO(2)max were (mean ± SEM): 45 ± 2.5 years, 31.9 ± 1.4 kg·m(-2), 41.1 ± 1.5%, and 25.2 ± 1.3 mlO(2)·kg(-1)·min(-1). Before exercise training subjects performed an acute exercise session on a treadmill (70% VO(2)max, 400 kcal energy expenditure), followed by 12 weeks of endurance exercise training (land-based or aquatic-based treadmill): 3 sessions·week(-1), progressing to 500 kcal·session(-1) during which subjects maintained accustomed dietary habits. After training, the acute exercise session was repeated. Blood samples, obtained immediately before and 24 h after acute exercise sessions, were analyzed for serum lipids, lipoproteins, and hsCRP adjusted for plasma volume shifts. Exercise training increased VO(2)max (+3.67 mlO(2)·kg(-1)·min(-1), P < 0.001) and reduced body weight (-2.7 kg, P < 0.01). Training increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL(2b)-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations (+3.7 and +2.4 mg·dl(-1), P < 0.05) and particle numbers (+588 and +206 nmol·l(-1), P < 0.05) in men. In women despite no change in total HDL-C, subfractions shifted from HDL(3)-C (-3.2, P < 0.01) to HDL(2b)-C (+3.5, P < 0.05) and HDL(2a)-C (+2.2 mg·dl(-1), P < 0.05), with increased HDL(2b) particle number (+313 nmol·l(-1), P < 0.05). Training reduced LDL(3) concentration and particle number in women (-1.6 mg·dl(-1) and -16 nmol·l(-1), P < 0.05). Acute exercise reduced the total cholesterol (TC): HDL-C ratio in men (-0.16, P < 0.01) and increased hsCRP in all subjects (+0.05 mg·dl(-1), P < 0.05), regardless of training. Training did not affect acute exercise responses. Our data support the efficacy of endurance training, without dietary intervention, to elicit beneficial changes in blood lipids-lipoproteins in obese men and women.

Macronutrients, food groups, and eating patterns in the management of diabetes: a systematic review of the literature, 2010.

The effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in the management of diabetes has been well established (1). Previous reviews have provided comprehensive recommendations for MNT in the management of diabetes (2,3). The goals of MNT are to 1 ) attain and maintain optimal blood glucose levels, a lipid and lipoprotein profile that reduces the risk of macrovascular disease, and blood pressure levels that reduce the risk for vascular disease; 2 ) prevent and treat the chronic complications of diabetes by modifying nutrient intake and lifestyle; 3 ) address individual nutrition needs, taking into account personal and cultural preferences and willingness to change; and 4 ) maintain the pleasure of eating by only limiting food choices when indicated by scientific evidence (4). The literature on nutrition as it relates to diabetes management is vast. We undertook the specific topic of the role of macronutrients, eating patterns, and individual foods in response to continued controversy over independent contributions of specific foods and macronutrients, independent of weight loss, in the management of diabetes. The position of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) on MNT is that each person with diabetes should receive an individualized eating plan (4). ADA has received numerous criticisms because it does not recommend one specific mix of macronutrients for everyone with diabetes. The previous literature review conducted by ADA in 2001 supported the idea that there was not one ideal macronutrient distribution for all people with diabetes. This review focuses on literature that has been published since that 2001 date (5). This systematic review will be one source of information considered when updating the current ADA Nutrition Position Statement (4). Other systematic reviews and key research studies that may not be included in this review will also be considered. When attempting to tease out the role of macronutrients from other dietary …

The impact of a 6-week resistance training program with pre- and post-exercise performance supplementation on cardiovascular risk, blood lipids, and fasting blood glucose in resistance trained men

Background Nutritional supplements intended for consumption in proximity to resistance exercise are extremely popular among young males and athletes. Common components of these products include caffeine, creatine monohydrate, b-Alanine (BA), citrulline, L-arginine, branched chain amino acids (BCAA), and whey protein in proprietary blends. To date, there have been no investigations of the potential health risks or benefits associated with consumption of these products over the course of a resistance training (RT) regimen despite anecdotal reports to health complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the commercial sports nutritional supplements NO-Shotgun ® (SHOT) and NO-Synthesize ® (SYN) (Vital Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Davie, FL) on cardiovascular risk, blood lipids, and glucose in resistance trained men following 6weeks of supplementation and concurrent resistance exercise. Methods Eight resistance trained men completed 6 weeks (3d/ week)of periodized resistance training (RT) including one day eachfor arms/shoulders, legs/core, and chest/ back. The participants were assigned to 1 of 2 groups (based on maximal voluntary contraction of the quadriceps (Biodex) to lean mass ratio). Group 1 (n=5; Performance Supplement; PS) consumedone serving of SHOT before and 1 serving of SYN immediately after each RT session and on non-RT days. Group 2 (n=3; Placebo; PL) consumedan isocaloric maltodextrin placebo (PL) before and immediately after each RT session and on non-RT days. Measurements included pre- and post-RT resting heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting blood lipoproteinprofile and glucose (Cholestech LDX Analyzer; Cholestech Corp, Hayword, CA). Statistical analysis was conducted using a 2 x 2 repeated measures analysis of variance. Significance is set at p<0.05 and values reported as mean ± SE. Results

Distinct effects of pitavastatin and atorvastatin on lipoprotein subclasses in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Effects of pitavastatin and atorvastatin on the lipid profile and lipoprotein subclasses were compared in patients with Type 2 diabetes with dyslipidaemia. Patients with Type 2 diabetes with hypercholesterolaemia and/or hypertriglyceridaemia were randomized to receive pitavastatin 2 mg (n = 16) or atorvastatin 10 mg (n = 15) for 6 months, and blood lipid and lipoprotein profiles and cholesterol and triglyceride contents of 20 lipoprotein subclasses, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, were compared. At baseline, cholesterol in VLDL and LDL subclasses were increased equally in two groups of patients with diabetes as compared with normolipidaemic control subjects. As compared with baseline, serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio and apolipoprotein B were decreased after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment with atorvastatin and pitavastatin. Serum triglyceride levels were decreased after 1, 3 and 6 months of atorvastatin, but only at 3 months of pitavastatin. Serum HDL cholesterol was increased after 1, 3 and 6 months of pitavastatin, whereas HDL cholesterol was even decreased after 6 months of atorvastatin. Cholesterol levels of most VLDL and LDL subclasses were decreased equally in both groups. However, only pitavastatin increased cholesterol of medium HDL subclass. Serum triglyceride and triglyceride contents in VLDL and LDL subclasses were decreased only by atorvastatin. The impact on lipoprotein subclass profiles was different between pitavastatin and atorvastatin. It may be beneficial to determine lipoprotein subclass profile and select the appropriate statin for each profile in patients with diabetes with an additional cardiovascular risk such as low HDL cholesterol or hypertriglyceridaemia.

Récentes adipokines : un lien entre l’obésité et l’athérosclérose

Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the principal cause of death in industrialized countries and are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by changes in arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles in addition to inflammation. Adipose tissue produces many cytokines and secretory factors termed adipokines. Intra-abdominal (visceral) adipose tissue in particular, rather than peripheral, appears to be associated with global cardiometabolic risk. The present article summarizes information on five recently discovered adipokines: vaspin, visfatin, apelin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and their potential beneficial or deleterious roles in obesity and atherosclerosis. Vaspin may have antiatherogenic effects through its potential insulin-sensitizing properties. Similarly, visfatin has been suggested to enhance insulin sensitivity, but its potential role in plaque destabilization may counteract this. Apelin, via inhibition of food intake, and increases in physical activity and body temperature, may promote weight loss, resulting in a beneficial antiatherogenic effect. Further, favourable effects on vasodilatation and blood pressure add to this positive effect. Considering its increased levels in subjects with demonstrated atherosclerosis, RBP4 may constitute a biomarker. Lastly, ASP, often increased in obesity and metabolic disorders, may be contributing to efficient lipid storage, and decreasing or blocking ASP may provide a potential antiobesity target. Adipokines may further contribute to obesity-atherosclerosis relationships, the full understanding of which will require further research.

Replacing dairy fat with rapeseed oil causes rapid improvement of hyperlipidaemia: a randomized controlled study

Rapeseed oil (RO), also known as canola oil, principally contains the unsaturated fatty acids 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 and may promote cardiometabolic health. To investigate the effects on lipoprotein profile, factors of coagulation and insulin sensitivity of replacing a diet rich in saturated fat from dairy foods (DF diet) with a diet including RO-based fat (RO diet). During a 2×3-week randomized, controlled, cross-over trial, 20 free-living hyperlipidaemic subjects were provided with isocaloric test diets that differed in fat composition alone. Blood lipoprotein profile, coagulation and fibrinolytic factors and insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic clamp) were determined before and after the dietary intervention. All subjects completed the study, and compliance was high according to changes in serum fatty acids. The RO diet, but not the DF diet, reduced the levels of serum cholesterol (-17%), triglycerides (-20%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-17%), cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (-21%), apolipoprotein (apo) B/apo A-I ratio (-4%) and factor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc) (-5%) from baseline. These changes were significantly different between the diets (P=0.05 to P<0.0001), except for FVIIc (P=0.1). The RO diet, but not the DF diet, modestly increased serum lipoprotein(a) (+6%) and tended to increase the glucose disappearance rate (K-value, +33%). HDL cholesterol, insulin sensitivity, fibrinogen and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels did not change from baseline or differ between the two diets. In a diet moderately high in total fat, replacing dairy fat with RO causes a rapid and clinically relevant improvement in serum lipoprotein profile including lowering of triglycerides in hyperlipidaemic individuals.

The G Allele of Transcobalamin 2 c.776C→G Is Associated with an Unfavorable Lipoprotein Profile

Background/Aim: Recent studies have suggested a relation of homocysteine with lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyze a possible genetic basis for such a relation in 504 individuals including 135 consecutive Caucasian patients diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease as well as the patients’ healthy spouses (n = 100) and offspring (n = 269). Methods: We analyzed the association of plasma levels of lipoprotein(a), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides with plasma homocysteine levels and with the following 7 variants of homocysteine metabolism: dihydrofolate reductase c.594 + 59del19bp, cystathionine β-synthase c.844_855ins68, methionine synthase c.2756A→G, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase c.677C→T and c.1298A→C, reduced folate carrier 1 c.80G→A, and transcobalamin 2 (Tc2) c.776C→G. Results: Linear regression analysis showed an association of Tc2 c.776C→G with LDL (p = 0.010), HDL (p = 0.009), and TG (p = 0.007), with the G allele of Tc2 c.776C→G associated with an unfavorable blood lipid profile. Moreover, the G allele of Tc2 c.776C→G was associated with higher homocysteine plasma levels in the subgroup of patients (p = 0.013, 1-way ANOVA). Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that alterations in homocysteine metabolism and an unfavorable blood lipoprotein profile may have a common genetic basis. Such conditions may be relevant for studies investigating independent risk factors for vascular disease.

Responses of Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins to Extended-Release Niacin and Exercise in Sedentary Postmenopausal Women

Niacin and exercise positively alter blood lipids and lipoproteins via different mechanisms. However, the effects of niacin combined with exercise on blood lipid and lipoprotein profiles have not been investigated in sedentary postmenopausal women. The current study examined the responses of blood lipids and lipoproteins to niacin and exercise in 18 sedentary postmenopausal women, who underwent four conditions: no-niacin rest, no-niacin exercise, niacin rest, and niacin exercise. Participants ingested 1,000 mg/day of extended-release niacin for 4 weeks during the niacin condition. As an exercise treatment, participants performed a single bout of exercise on a treadmill at 60% heart rate reserve until 400 kcal were expended. Extended-release niacin without the exercise intervention significantly (p < .001) increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-2 cholesterol by 12.4% and 33.3%, respectively, and decreased the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio by 14.8%. Thus, 4 weeks of 1,000 mg/day of extended-release niacin can improve the blood lipid and lipoprotein profiles in sedentary postmenopausal women.

Effect of caponization and exogenous androgens implantation on blood lipid and lipoprotein profile in male chickens

This study investigated effects of caponization and different forms of androgen implantation on blood lipid and lipoprotein profile of capons to understand the role of different androgens. Male chickens were caponized at 12 wk of age and selected at 16 wk of age for a 10-wk feeding period. Sixteen intact caponized (capon) male chickens and 16 female chickens were assigned for trial 1, and 16 sham-operated (sham) male chickens and 64 capons were selected for trial 2, in which capons were randomly divided into cholesterol (CHOL), testosterone (TES), 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, or 19-nortestosterone (19-NorT) implantation at 16, 20, and 24 wk of age. Trial 1 showed that caponization decreased TES concentration (P < 0.05) in male chickens while showing no difference with females (P > 0.05). Caponization increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and relative abdominal fat weight (P < 0.05) to a level compatible with females (P > 0.05). Caponization also increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) content and LDL-protein percentage (P < 0.05) but decreased high-density lipoprotein-free CHOL percentage (P < 0.05) compared with intact males. In trial 2, androgen implantation showed lower relative abdominal fat weight (P < 0.05) than CHOL. Only 19-NorT reached a level compatible with the sham (P > 0.05). Cholesterol implantation increased LPL activity compared with the sham (P < 0.05), and 19-NorT and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone showed the lowest LPL activity (P < 0.05). Different androgen implantations increased LDL and very low density lipoprotein + LDL ratios and decreased high-density lipoprotein ratio (P < 0.05) to the compatible level with the sham (P > 0.05). Different levels of androgen implantation also demonstrated changes in LDL triacylglyceride and protein percentage and reached a level compatible with the sham (P > 0.05). Caponization decreased blood TES concentration in male chickens, increased LPL activity, and changed the lipoprotein composition, leading to an increase in abdominal fat weight. Results of different androgen implantations in capons demonstrated no difference in lipoprotein profile between androgens, but 19-NorT performed most effectively in abdominal fat accumulation recovery.

Beneficial changes in energy expenditure and lipid profile after eccentric exercise in overweight and lean women

The aim was to compare lean and overweight females in regard to the effects of eccentric exercise on muscle damage indices, resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) as well as blood lipid and lipoprotein profile. Lean and overweight females (deviated by their body mass index) performed an eccentric exercise session. Muscle damage, energy cost and lipid profile were assessed pre-exercise and up to 72 h post-exercise. After eccentric exercise (i) muscle damage indices were affected more in the overweight subjects compared with the lean subjects; (ii) the elevation of absolute and relative REE was larger and more prolonged in the overweight group compared with the lean group; (iii) after 24 h, RQ had significantly declined, with the overweight subjects exhibiting a larger reduction compared with the lean group; and (iv) the blood lipid profile was favorably modified, with the overweight group exhibiting more favorable responses compared with the lean group. The differences between the lean and the overweight subjects may be partly due to the fact that overweight individuals experienced greater muscle damage than lean individuals. Eccentric exercise may be a promising lifestyle factor to combat obesity and dyslipidemias.

Fatty acid–binding protein-2 genotype influences lipid and lipoprotein response to eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in hypertriglyceridemic subjects

Objective The blood lipid-lowering effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on hypertriglyceridemic subjects with different fatty acid–binding protein-2 (FABP2) genotypes have not, to our knowledge, been previously studied. Methods Twenty-three FABP2 Ala54 and 23 Thr54 carriers with hypertriglyceridemia (triacylglycerol level >200 mg/dL) were enrolled in this study. Participants took 2 g of pure EPA daily for 8 wk. Fasting blood lipid and lipoprotein profiles were determined and changes from baseline were measured. Results Blood lipids and lipoprotein responses of the FABP2 genotypes differed after EPA supplementation. Changes from baseline for triacylglycerol (19.2% decrease for Ala54 and 60.5% for Thr54, P < 0.001), very low-density lipoprotein (20.0% decrease for Ala54 and 60.5% for Thr54, P < 0.001), apolipoprotein CIII (22.8% decrease for Ala54 and 36.4% for Thr54, P < 0.01), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (17.6% increase for Ala54 and 30.7% for Thr54, P < 0.01) differed significantly between the two carrier groups. However, changes in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B were not significant. EPA supplementation increased plasma EPA in Ala54 and Thr54 carriers. Although EPA supplementation increased the level of plasma EPA in both carrier groups, this effect was more pronounced in the Thr54 carriers. Conclusion Therefore, EPA consumption has more favorable effects on blood lipids of hypertriglyceridemics with Thr54 genotype rather than those with Ala54. The level of plasma EPA increases after EPA supplementation. Because the FABP2 Thr54 polymorphism appears to be prevalent in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, increasing EPA intake in these subjects could be an effective strategy for reducing blood triacylglycerol concentration.

Effect of the Composition of Infusion Media on the Blood Lipoprotein Profile in the Treatment of Gestosis

Objective: to study whether reamberin and hydroxyethyl starch may be used to correct dyslipoproteinemia in gestosis. Subjects and methods: Twenty-two patients with early postoperative gestosis were examined. Group 1 patients (n=8) received the standard treatment. In addition to the standard treatment, Group 2 patients (n=7) were given 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution infusion at concentrations of 5-6 ml/kg body weight at a rate of 3 ml/ml. Just after hydroxyethyl starch infusion, Group 3 patients (n=7) were additionally injected 1.5% reamberin by the above scheme. The results of examinations were compared with the data obtained on examination of 8 puerperas after pregnancy and normal delivery (Group 4). The plasma concentration of triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and the cholesterols of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were measured. Results and discussion. All the puerperas with gestosis were found to have hypertriglyceridemia and elevated levels of VLDL cholesterol with decreased concentrations of HDL cholesterol. The moderately higher levels of triglycerides and TC were also observed in patients without gestosis. Hydroxyethyl starch lowered the concentration of triglycerides by postpartum days 3—4. When hydroxyethyl starch was used in combination with reamberin, there was a significant reduction in the concentrations of triglycerides and VLDL and LDL cholesterols and a substantial rise in the level of HDL cholesterol. By postpartum days 3 and 4, Group 1 showed a considerable increase in the atherogenicity coefficient, which was significant as compared with the baseline level. Hydroxyethyl starch alone prevented an increase in the atherogenici-ty coefficient while its use in combination with reamberin significantly lowered this index and normalized it by postpartum days 3—4. Conclusion. Hydroxyethyl starch alone and in combination with reamberin shows an antiatherogenic effect in the treatment of gestosis in the early postpartum period, the action of hydroxyethyl starch in combination with reamberin was much more pronounced. Key words: gestosis, blood lipoproteins, atherogenicity coefficient, reamberin.

Serum lipoproteins and cancer

Background and aims In haematological and solid tumours the blood lipoprotein profile has been reported to be altered; while decreased levels of total cholesterol and increased values of triglycerides have been observed. The mechanism and meaning of these changes are, however, not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to determine relationships between cancer progression and serum lipoproteins. Methods and results We performed a case–control study. We included cancer patients admitted to the 1st Division of Medical Oncology, Businco Hospital of Cagliari, Italy, between 1984 and 1998; 519 patients with any type of solid tumours and 928 healthy controls. We considered total cholesterol (C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, triglycerides and apolipoprotein A-1; other parameters examined were glycaemia, insulinaemia, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C reactive protein (CRP) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In the cancer group HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-1 were lower ( p < 0.05) and triglycerides were higher ( p < 0.05) than in controls; HDL-C (mg/dl) females: 48 vs. 64; males, 40 vs. 52; Apo-A-1 (mg/dl) females: 125 vs. 173; males, 120 vs. 152; triglycerides (mg/dl) females: 133 vs. 96; males, 152 vs. 117. Glucose (mg/dl) was lower in the cancer group ( p < 0.05); females, 72.3 vs. 80.0; males, 75.7 vs. 78.4. Conclusion Using multivariate analysis we were able to rule out cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases as causes of low HDL-C, and also demonstrate that these alterations can be shown as a specific consequence of the presence of a malignant tumour with a diagnostic and prognostic significance.