Index Blood Research Articles

Systematic Toxicity of Cypermethrin and Alterations in Behavior of Albino Rats.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of repeatedly orally administering cypermethrin (CYP) at different doses on the behavior, hematology, and histology of adult male and female albino rats for 1 month. For this, animals have divided into four different groups and each group contained 10 animals (5 males and 5 females). Group I served as a control group and groups II, III, and IV were represented as experimental groups and treated with CYP at doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg body weight/day/rat, respectively. Through the behavioral results of this study, it was observed that cypermethrin intoxication causes dose-dependent moderate to high toxicity symptoms like vomiting, decreased food consumption, thick eye discharge, rolling, tremors, loss of coordination, tilted neck, and convulsion attacks. A significant reduction in body weight of high-dose (75 mg)-treated animals, especially in females, was noticed. Similarly, hematological data also revealed that CYP exposure caused a reduction in the level of Hb, RBC, WBC, neutrophil, and other blood indices such as PCV and MCV and an increase in the lymphocyte percentage in both male and female experimental groups. Microscopic observation stated that CYP produced infiltration of cells near the central vein, hepatocyte degeneration, congestion of the central and portal veins, hemorrhage, and necrosis in liver tissue. Shrinkage of the glomerulus, necrosis in the glomerulus and renal tubules, congestion of blood cells, and hemorrhage were seen in kidney tissue. The current study suggests that hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity due to cypermethrin exposure were more prominent in female rats.

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS FED LYE-PROCESSED MORINGA (Moringa oleifera) SEED MEAL

A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of lye processed Moringa seed meal (LMSM) on performance and blood indices of broiler chicken. A total of 150 one- day-old cobb breed broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five (5) dietary treatments replicated three times with ten chicks per replicate. The experimental diets were formulated with LMSM at inclusion levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Data were generated for final body weight, total feed intake, daily feed intake (DFI), total weight gain, daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio and blood indices. Data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result of the performance showed significant (P<0.05) influence of LMSM on final weight gain, weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio at both phases. Birds on diet 0%, 5% and 10% recorded the highest weight gain while birds on 15% and 20% LMSM obtained the least value in the starter phase. Birds on control diet and 5% LMSM recorded the highest feed intake while the lowest was obtained on 20% diet. The best FCR was observed in birds fed control diet, 5% and 10% LMSM diet. Finisher broiler fed control diet, 5% and 10% recorded higher final weight and weight gain. Birds fed control diet recorded the highest feed intake while birds on 15% and 20% LMSM recorded the lowest. Birds fed control diet, 5% and 10% LMSM obtained better FCR. The feed cost per gain was cheaper when fed LMSM irrespective of the inclusion level. Heamatology and serum chemistry results revealed that all measured parameters showed no significant (P>0.05) influence of LMSM treatments on the birds except packed cell volume (PVC), Hemoglobin (Hb) and White blood cell, Glucose and ALP. Broiler chickens could be fed up to 10% LMSM at starter phase and 15%LMSM of finisher phase.

Probability of Concurrent Deficiency of Vitamin D and Iron in Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Hypothyroidism is the most common pathophysiological condition that affects mostly females in both developed and developing countries. Data on hypothyroidism among adult females are essential to understand the underactive status of the thyroid gland among the female population and its correlated effects on a deficiency of vitamin D and iron, as effective prevention of osteoporotic changes and iron deficiency anemia is possible. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the probability of concurrent iron and vitamin D deficiency among the adult hypothyroid female population of Abu Dhabi, UAE. This cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2019 to July 2021 among 500 adult females aged 18 to 45 years old in Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC) and Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi, UAE. After obtaining written informed consent, subjects' demographic characteristics (sun exposure, dressing code, food consumption), anthropometry (height, weight, BMI), and biochemical parameters (thyroid profile, vitamin D profile, iron profile, and blood indices) were measured. In this study, serum vitamin D and iron levels were significantly (p<0.01) decreased in the hypothyroid female group (study group). The serum vitamin D and iron levels showed a significant negative (p<0.01) correlation with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Out of 250 study group participants, 61 had a concurrent deficiency of serum vitamin D and iron, yielding a probability (P of low vitamin D and iron and hypothyroidism) of 0.244, which indicates that if 1000 hypothyroid patients are tested for serum vitamin D and iron levels, 24 patients are probable to have low vitamin D and iron. The study concluded that vitamin D and iron bi-deficiency were observed in adult hypothyroid females in Abu Dhabi, UAE. So, the routine check-up of thyroid function and vitamin D and iron profiles should be done early. Therefore, early vitamin D and iron deficiencies can be detected, and supplements can be given to prevent further health complications like osteoporosis and iron deficiency anemia.

Abstract 6181: Dynamic changes in monocyte and reticulocyte counts predict mechanism-based anemia development and recovery during ATR inhibitor treatment in phase I/II trials

Abstract Introduction: Clinical trials are exploring ATR inhibitors (ATRi) in genomically selected contexts. However, dose-dependent anemia has limited the therapeutic index of this class. We hypothesized that monocytes and reticulocytes are more vulnerable to ATRi due to their lack of base excision repair and high levels of oxidative stress, respectively. We sought to examine the kinetics of decline and recovery of red blood cell (RBC) and reticulocyte indices, in relation to hemoglobin (Hb), in the first 28 days after ATRi initiation. Methods: We retrospectively retrieved peripheral blood cell indices from complete blood count (CBC) reports of patients (pts) pre- and during treatment with an oral ATRi on phase I/II trials at our center. Pts received ATRi monotherapy or in combination with a PARP inhibitor (ATRi+PARPi) in dose-escalation and expansion cohorts, which included ATRi at potentially toxic doses. We applied linear mixed effect models to evaluate the joint evolution of Hb and other RBC or reticulocyte indices over time via bivariate analysis. A random intercept was included in the model to account for the longitudinal nature of the data and a variance component option for the covariance structure was specified to model a different variance component for each index of interest. To assess if Hb decline was preceded by decline in the index of interest from baseline, piecewise regression models were used to estimate break points, defined as the time point where the fitted functions intersect, of each index. Log transformed data with a base of 2, were noted to have more symmetric distributions, and were used in the analyses. The time variable assessed was days from cycle 1 day 1 of ATRi. A two-sided p value &amp;lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 35,007 indices from 1,843 CBC of 119 pts treated with an ATRi from 10/2017 to 1/2022 were analyzed. 110 (92.4%) pts received ATRi, 9 (7.6%) received ATRi+PARPi. Monocytes (-0.120 vs -0.022, p &amp;lt;0.0001) and reticulocytes (-0.140 vs -0.022, p &amp;lt;0.0001) declined at a faster rate compared with Hb. Time to monocyte and reticulocyte nadir after ATRi initiation was 8.9 and 5.8 days, respectively, while time to Hb nadir was 19.5 days. Conversely, RBC (-0.020 vs -0.023, p=0.410), MCV (-0.002 vs -0.022, p &amp;lt;0.0001) and MCH (-0.001 vs -0.022, p&amp;lt;0.0001) declined at a slower rate than Hb. Time to RBC, MCV and MCH nadir after ATRi initiation was 26.3, 18.7 and 15.0 days, respectively. After reaching their individual index nadir, monocytes (0.004 vs 0.001, p &amp;lt;0.0001) and reticulocytes (0.005 vs 0.0005, p &amp;lt;0.0001) increased more quickly than Hb. Conclusions: Charting the kinetics of CBC index evolution in relation to Hb identified peripheral monocytes and reticulocytes as relevant blood indices that herald Hb decline. Our findings may inform patient monitoring strategies to mitigate hematologic toxicity on future ATRi trials. Citation Format: Natalie Y. Ngoi, Heather Y. Lin, Ecaterina Dumbrava, Siqing Fu, Daniel D. Karp, Aung Naing, Shubham Pant, Sarina A. Piha-Paul, Jordi Rodon, Vivek Subbiah, Apostolia M. Tsimberidou, Erick Campbell, Samuel Urrutia, David S. Hong, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Ying Yuan, Timothy A. Yap. Dynamic changes in monocyte and reticulocyte counts predict mechanism-based anemia development and recovery during ATR inhibitor treatment in phase I/II trials. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6181.

Assessment of Haematological Parameters in Drug-Resistant TB

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB), the world's deadliest infectious illness. In addition to the lungs, bone marrow is also impacted by tuberculosis. Significant haematological abnormalities can be found in TB patients. This means that these haematological markers can be used to assess a patient's diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment outcome. The goals of this study are (a) to assess the hematological characteristics of TB patients, and (b) to examine the impact of rifampin (RIF) resistance on the prevalence of mutations in the whole rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Fifty people participated in the study after being chosen through a systematic random sample process. From each participant, about 4 milliliters of blood were taken from a vein and estimated for the haematological parameters like Hb, WBC, Lymphocyes, neutrophils, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and platelet count. Fifty tuberculosis isolates had their whole rpoB genes sequenced so that we could analyze the positions of the codons and the frequency with which they occurred. When compared to healthy controls, the values of hemoglobin and other blood indices were significantly lower or abnormal (p&lt;0.05). ESR values were alarmingly increased in the subjects along with platelets (P value &lt; 0.05). All of our 25 isolates exhibited four types of mutations at four RRDR positions (codons 510, 516, 522 and 526). We found codons 526 showed a high level (92%) of RIF resistance or mutations when compared to other positions. An easy and affordable way to forecast the progression of the illness and keep track of complications in underdeveloped nations is to test the haematological parameters of tuberculosis patients. RIF resistance is linked to certain mutations in the rpoB gene that may impact how RpoB and RIF interact. These results may be used to create new antibiotics and create cutting-edge diagnostic tools for TB medication resistance.

Hematological indicators of the blood of males and females of the Ukrainian scaled carp breed

The research results on hematological indicators of males and females of the Ukrainian scaly breed of carp grown in the conditions of a fish farm in the Dnipropetrovsk region are given. In Ukraine, carp cultivation is becoming an increasingly popular method of commercial fish production. At the same time, the hydrochemical and temperature regimes of the reservoir have important practical significance for the average growth and development of fish since the intensity of respiration, metabolic processes, fish nutrition, motor activity, and resistance to various diseases depend on the chemical composition and temperature of the water. The process of formation of the hydrochemical composition of pond water occurs against the background of climatic changes. Therefore, control of temperature conditions and the physiological state of fish during carp cultivation is an important measure that ensures rational consumption of feed and high growth rates and, in the future, allows to plan of optimal cultivation technology. Therefore, the work aimed to investigate the hematological indicators of blood in males and females of the Ukrainian scaly breed of carp to control their physiological state in the conditions of the hydrochemical and temperature regime of the reservoir of the fish farm. It was established that the main hydrochemical parameters corresponded to the technological standards adopted in fish farming to cultivate carp fish. The hematological parameters of the blood of male and female carp were within the physiological norm. The determined blood composition is natural and characterizes changes in the body of fish according to the season, which reflects adaptation processes in the conditions of seasonal fluctuations in water temperature. Correlative relationships between carp blood's hematological parameters and their keeping temperature conditions were revealed. The pH of the medium (r = 0.28–0.34) has the most significant effect on hematological indicators of carp blood. A positive correlative relationship was established between water temperature and the level of hemoglobin, a color indicator, and the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes in the blood of fish, which was in the range of r = 0.21–0.26. There was a negative relationship between the water temperature indicator and the content of segmented nuclear neutrophils (r = 0.24). The variance analysis of the one-factor complex revealed a significant and most highly probable influence of the conditions of keeping carp on the hemoglobin content, the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and the color index of the carp's blood. The share of influence was from 56.14 to 76.90 %. The amplitude of water temperature is essential for favorable conditions for hydrophones and the formation of a natural feed base. In addition, the environment's temperature affects the speed of biological processes in fish. Therefore, the organization of carp feeding, considering scientifically based norms depending on the protein content in compound feed, water temperature, fish weight, and density of its landing, will contribute to ensuring high fish productivity and rational use of feed.

A Preliminary Survey on The Enzymatic Effects of Roxylene on West Africa Dwarf (Wad) Goat Fed Cassava Peels and Poultry Droppings

A 112days feed trial on West Africa Dwarf (WAD)goats fed cassava peels (CPM) and poultry droppings (PDM) with varying inclusion levels of enzymes on their growth performance and blood indices.Five dietary treatments levels based on the different percentage body weights per treatment were fed with varying levels of Roxazyme G2® at 4.4g, 4.6g, 4.8g and 5.0g which serves as T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively per kg of CPM + PDMThe moisture, dry matter, ash, crude fibre, ether extracts, crude protein and Nitrogen free extracts of the diets were 10.76-12.06%, 87.94-90.34%, 8.27-9.25%, 12.68-13.62%, 5.26-5.46%, 14.21-14.95 and 45.69-46.73% respectively.Data collected on the growth parameters and bloodindices of the goats were analysed, while the means were separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results on the general performance of WAD fed poultry dropping with varying inclusion levels showed that T5 have superior mean values on the weight gain, daily weight gain and better FCR. On the blood indices of WAD goats fed enzyme showed increase values on the parameters evaluated at higher inclusion levels. It was concluded that higher inclusion levels of enzymes resulted to a better growth performance with increase immunity to fight infection as observed at higher concentrations on their blood profile.

Common clinical blood and urine biomarkers for ischemic stroke: an Estonian Electronic Health Records database study

BackgroundIschemic stroke (IS) is a major health risk without generally usable effective measures of primary prevention. Early warning signals that are easy to detect and widely available can save lives. Estonia has one nation-wide Electronic Health Record (EHR) database for the storage of medical information of patients from hospitals and primary care providers.MethodsWe extracted structured and unstructured data from the EHRs of participants of the Estonian Biobank (EstBB) and evaluated different formats of input data to understand how this continuously growing dataset should be prepared for best prediction. The utility of the EHR database for finding blood- and urine-based biomarkers for IS was demonstrated by applying different analytical and machine learning (ML) methods.ResultsSeveral early trends in common clinical laboratory parameter changes (set of red blood indices, lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio, etc.) were established for IS prediction. The developed ML models predicted the future occurrence of IS with very high accuracy and Random Forests was proved as the most applicable method to EHR data.ConclusionsWe conclude that the EHR database and the risk factors uncovered are valuable resources in screening the population for risk of IS as well as constructing disease risk scores and refining prediction models for IS by ML.

Partial dietary fishmeal replacement with mixture of plant protein sources supplemented with exogenous enzymes modify growth performance, digestibility, intestinal morphology, haemato-biochemical and immune responses for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

For the aquaculture sector, expanding the amount of plant proteins substituting fish meal (FM) is favorable. This study was conducted to evaluate the properties of diets containing a blend of plant protein sources (cotton seed meal, sunflower meal and jojoba (CSJ)) instead of FM and supplemented with a mixture of exogenous enzymes on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, blood indices, activity of endogenous and digestibility also, immune response of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Three groups of the experimental diet (29.5% crude protein) and (18.76 MJ kg −1 gross energy) were performed. The first group CSJ1 was (FM: CSJ = 2:1), the second group diet CSJ2 was (FM: CSM = 2:2) and the third CSJ3 was (FM: CSJ = 2:1), the replaced was based on content of protein. All groups of diets were supplemented with mixture of enzymes (Protease, pepsin, trypsin, xylanase and amylase) at 0 and 0.5 g kg −1 diet therefore six diet was formulated. Fingerlings (6.30 ± 0.09 g) were randomly allocated into eighteen plastic tank (450 L capacity) in triplicate per each treatment (25 fish/ treatment) for 90 days. After 90-days of the feeding trial, results indicated that the highest wight gain and best FCR, higher (P < 0.05) activity of trypsin and lipase, apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrients were detected in fish fed diet of FM: CSJ 2:1 and 2:2 supplemented with 0.5 g enzymes mixture kg−1 diet with insignificant differences between group. The diet incorporating FM: CSJ 2:1 with 0.5 g enzymes mixture showed the maximum (P < 0.05) villi length/width, ASA, and MSR values. Fish fed a diet containing FM: CSJ 1:2, and supplemented with 0.5 g of an enzyme mixture kg−1 diet had the maximum Hb, Htc, RBCs and WBCs values (P < 0.05). The highest (P < 0.05) TP and GL value was estimated in diet containing FM: CSJ; 1:2 without the addition of enzymes mixture. while, the best (P < 0.05) value of ALT and AST were showed in diet containing FM: CSJ 2:1 without the addition of enzymes. The highest TAC, GSH and SOD values were recorded by fish fed diet containing FM: CSJ 1:2 or 2:2 with 0.5 g enzymes mixture kg−1 diet. Fish fed diets comprising various ratios of FM: CSJ with 0.5 g enzymes mixture kg−1 diet had the lowest (P < 0.05) MDA value. In conclusion, using mixture of enzymes (protease, pepsin, trypsin, xylanase and amylase) at 0.5 g kg−1 in combination with a high blend of CSJ instead of FM; 2:2 improved the growth performance, digestibility, digestive enzyme, intestinal morphology, blood indices, and immune response of Nile tilapia.

Morphological assessment of changes in internal organs of rats with introduction of targeted drug “Sutent” in experiment

Objective. To establish in the experiment the changes in histological structure of the internal organs and blood indices in laboratory rats with intragastric introduction of the drug Sutent in the doses of 7 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg of the weight.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 48 breedless white rats divided into the following groups: groups 1 and 4 received cytotoxic drug Sutent in the dose of 7 mg/kg (therapeutic dose), groups 2 and 5 Sutent in the dose of 35 mg/kg (fivefold exceeding the therapeutic dose), groups 3 and 6 the control groups. In groups 1, 2, 3 animal were killed 30 days after the onset of the experiment, in groups 4, 5, 6 two weeks after the drug withdrawal. Every day during 30 days, the experimental groups were introduced the intragastric drug Sutent in the form of aqueous suspension in the purified water; in the control group the rats received the purified water in the equivalent volume. The histological preparations of organs stained with hematoxylin and eosin as well as the hematological indices of blood were investigated.&#x0D; Results. The development of hypochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia in the was identified. While studying the histological structure of organs, in all experimental groups there was detected a disturbed circulation in the form of venous hyperemia and blood stasis in the capillaries, the development hemorrhages in the lung, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, gastric and esophageal mucosa. In the liver, pancreas and adrenal glands, dystrophic changes in the cells and necrosis foci were observed. In group 2, affection of the cerebral cortex nerve cells, heart cardiomyocytes, thyroid cells, acute duodenitis with formation of microabscesses was established.&#x0D; Conclusions. Introduction of Sutent in the dose of 35 mg/kg, compared with the dose of 7 mg/kg, caused a more expressed hematological, hepatological, cardiological and neurological toxicity, more obvious lesion of endocrine organs; it also contributed to the development of associated secondary infection and acute duodenitis.

The beneficial role of simple inflammatory blood indices in pediatric cardiology.

Simple whole blood analysis can effectively demonstrate complex changes in inflammatory responses to cardiovascular disorders in adults and enable the prediction of adverse outcomes or diminished survival. Such inflammatory activation has also been detected in the pediatric population. Blood analysis results are repeatable and readily available, which gives the method an advantage over others. Inflammatory phenomena such as a high leukocyte count and an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are related to a poor prognosis of advanced heart defects and worse outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery in the advanced stages of the disease. Surgery-associated inflammation exacerbates these diseases, and the inflammatory response may further complicate the postoperative period. Simple blood cell counts and indices may be beneficial for evaluating cardiac surgery outcomes and cardiovascular disorder prognosis in infants and children. This review summarizes current knowledge on inflammatory markers in pediatric cardiovascular diseases and surgery.

Safety and immunogenicity of an Escherichia coli-produced 9-valent human papillomavirus L1 virus-like particle vaccine (types 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) in healthy adults: an open-label, dose-escalation phase 1 clinical trial

A safe and highly efficacious Escherichia coli (E.coli)-produced HPV 16/18 bivalent vaccine has been prequalified by the World Health Organization. Here, we conducted a single-center, open-label, dose-escalation phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the second-generation nonavalent HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 vaccine. Twenty-four eligible volunteers aged 18-45 years were enrolled in January 2019 in Dongtai, China and received 0.5mL (135μg) or 1.0mL (270μg) of the candidate vaccine with a 0/1/6-month dose-escalation schedule. Local and systemic adverse events (AEs) occurring within 30 days after each vaccination and serious adverse events (SAEs) occurring within 7 months were recorded. Blood samples from each participant were collected before and 2 days after the first and third vaccinations to determine changes in laboratory parameters. Serum IgG and neutralizing antibody (nAb) levels against each HPV type at month 7 were analyzed (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03813940). The incidences of total AEs in the 135μg and 270μg groups were 66.7% and 83.3%, respectively. All AEs were mild or moderate, and no SAEs were reported. No clinically significant changes were found in paired blood indices before or after any of the vaccinations. All the participants in the per-protocol set except for two who failed to seroconvert for HPV 11 or 58 in the 135μg group seroconverted at month 7 for both IgG and nAbs. The candidate E.coli-produced 9vHPV vaccine has been preliminarily proven to be well tolerated and immunogenic, which encourages further studies in large cohorts with a wider age range. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Fujian Province Health and Education Joint Research Program, Xiamen Science and Technology Plan Project, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences of China, and Xiamen Innovax Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Chronic Toxicity of Genetically Modified Maize with Cry1Ab-ma Gene and Its Effect on Serum Metabolites in Rats

Genetic engineering has inserted the crystallin (Cry) gene of Bacillus thuringiensis into the genes of maize to cultivate a variety of transgenic insect-resistant maizes. At present, genetically modified maize with Cry1Ab-ma gene (maize CM8101) was in the stage of safety verification. In this study, a 1-year chronic toxicity test was carried out to evaluate the safety of maize CM8101. Wistar rats were selected for the experiment. Rats were randomly divided into three groups and fed the corresponding diets: genetically modified maize group (CM8101 group), parental maize group (Zheng58 group), and AIN group. Rat serum and urine were collected at the third, sixth, and twelfth months of the experiment, and viscera were collected at the end of the experiment for detection. Metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolites in the serum of rats at the 12th month. While the CM8101 group rats' diets were supplemented with 60% maize CM8101, no obvious poisoning symptoms were found in rats, and no poisoning death occurred. There were no negative effects on body weight, food intake, blood and urine indices, or organ histopathological examination results. Furthermore, metabolomics results revealed that, when compared to group differences, the gender of rats had a more obvious effect on metabolites. The CM8101 group primarily changed linoleic acid metabolism in female rats, while glyceropholipid metabolism was altered in male rats. In rats, consumption of maize CM8101 did not result in significant metabolic dysfunction.

IL6 as prognostic factor for severity of COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the viral illness known as coronavirus disease 2019. Several inflammatory and biochemical markers are elevated, and blood indices are altered, in COVID-19, a sign of a cytokine storm.(50) COVID-19 patients at Marjan medical city and Imam Sadiq Teaching hospitals between December -2021 and April -2022 were studied for the connection of IL-6 levels. Results of blood tests varied significantly depending on the severity of the condition. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and SPO2 (percent) were significantly different between the two measurement periods at day 1 and day 3. Nearly three out of four patients had severe illness (N=34, 68.0 percent), and there was no one with moderate disease (N=16, 32.0 percent). According to the level of illness severity, there were large variations in the distribution of age groups. This study found a strong correlation between illness severity and immunization history and previous medical records.

STUDY SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MALE RABBITS INTOXICATED BY CHLORPYRIFOS

The current experience on chlorpyrifos was undertaken to investigate the potential alterations in Physiological Criteria and in liver and kidney tissues subsequent oral exposure of chlorpyrifos in male rabbits . twelve of male rabbits were employed in this experience, distributed into two groups randomly , group one received only corn oil and served as control, whereas, while group two received CPF 33.3 mg/kg dissolved with( 1ml ) corn oil daily, the exposure continued for 28 consecutive days orally. outcomes of this work revealed that sub-acute oral administration of chlorpyrifos cause to oxidative stress evidenced by pronounced elevation value of oxidative biomarker malondialdehyde ( MDA) concomitantly with elevated in values of inflammatory biomarkers ( TNF-α and CRP) and significantly reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) value, as well as this findings exhibited that chlorpyrifos administration cause to marked alteration of blood indices values as well as histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney which as represented degenerative of hepatocyte, dilatation and congestion in central vein, While tubular epithelial degenerations, vacuolations and severe dilation in renal cortex tubules. Conclusion: we concluded from findings in this study the oral exposure to CPF evoked inflammation response and oxidative damage as represented by pronounced elevation in levels of CRP,TNF-alpha and MDA biomarkers as well as pathohistological alterations were observably in liver and kidney that indicating that chlorpyrifos elicits numerous adverse effects noteworthy making it a major public health issue.

Impact of biological and non-biological treatment on hematological indices in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis

BackgroundBlood dyscrasias are common in patients with rheumatic diseases, as bone marrow and blood cells can be targets for autoimmune processes. This in addition to the potentially adverse effect of the disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs used for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis as in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) on blood counts.Aim of this studyThe aim of this study is to analyze the effect of biologic therapy on complete blood cell parameters, derived ratios, and cell volume indices in Egyptian patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis.ResultsOne hundred and twenty Egyptian patients had been included, 60 have ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 60 have psoriatic arthritis (PSA). On comparing the blood indices between the biologics and non-biologics groups of PSA patients, there was a statistically highly significant reduction in red cell distribution width (RDW%) at the biologics group than non-biologics (p < 0.006), where there was a statistically highly significant increase in Hb (hemoglobin)/RDW ratio and Hb/platelets ratio at the biologics group than non-biologics (p < 0.005).ConclusionAs a result, biologic drugs used in rheumatology practice may have some effects on hematological parameters. In our study, no major negative effects on hematological parameters were observed in patients with AS and PsA who received Secukinumab, Adalimumab-atto, or Golimumab biologic therapy. However, the changes in the hematological indices correlates with their potent anti-inflammatory action in rheumatic patients.

A New Artificial Intelligence Approach Using Extreme Learning Machine as the Potentially Effective Model to Predict and Analyze the Diagnosis of Anemia

The procedure to diagnose anemia is time-consuming and resource-intensive due to the existence of a multitude of symptoms that can be felt physically or seen visually. Anemia also has several forms, which can be distinguished based on several characteristics. It is possible to diagnose anemia through a quick, affordable, and easily accessible laboratory test known as the complete blood count (CBC), but the method cannot directly identify different kinds of anemia. Therefore, further tests are required to establish a gold standard for the type of anemia in a patient. These tests are uncommon in settings that offer healthcare on a smaller scale because they require expensive equipment. Moreover, it is also difficult to discern between beta thalassemia trait (BTT), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), hemoglobin E (HbE), and combination anemias despite the presence of multiple red blood cell (RBC) formulas and indices with differing optimal cutoff values. This is due to the existence of several varieties of anemia in individuals, making it difficult to distinguish between BTT, IDA, HbE, and combinations. Therefore, a more precise and automated prediction model is proposed to distinguish these four types to accelerate the identification process for doctors. Historical data were retrieved from the Laboratory of the Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia for this purpose. Furthermore, the model was developed using the algorithm for the extreme learning machine (ELM). This was followed by the measurement of the performance using the confusion matrix and 190 data representing the four classes, and the results showed 99.21% accuracy, 98.44% sensitivity, 99.30% precision, and an F1 score of 98.84%.

The Correlation between Peripheral Blood Index and Immune Cell Expansion in Vietnamese Elderly Lung Cancer Patients.

(1) Background: The dysfunction and reduced proliferation of peripheral CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells have been observed in both aging and cancer patients, thereby challenging the adoption of immune cell therapy in these subjects. In this study, we evaluated the growth of these lymphocytes in elderly cancer patients and the correlation of peripheral blood (PB) indices to their expansion. (2) Method: This retrospective study included 15 lung cancer patients who underwent autologous NK cell and CD8+ T cell therapy between January 2016 and December 2019 and 10 healthy individuals. (3) Results: On average, CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells were able to be expanded about 500 times from the PB of elderly lung cancer subjects. Particularly, 95% of the expanded NK cells highly expressed the CD56 marker. The expansion of CD8+ T cells was inversely associated with the CD4+:CD8+ ratio and the frequency of PB-CD4+ T cells in PB. Likewise, the expansion of NK cells was inversely correlated with the frequency of PB-lymphocytes and the number of PB-CD8+ T cells. The growth of CD8+ T cells and NK cells was also inversely correlated with the percentage and number of PB-NK cells. (4) Conclusion: PB indices are intrinsically tied to immune cell health and could be leveraged to determine CD8 T and NK cell proliferation capacity for immune therapies in lung cancer patients.

Biocompatibility and Biological Effects of Surface-Modified Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles.

Semiconductiong polymer nanoparticles (Pdots) have a wide range of applications in biomedical fields including biomolecular probes, tumor imaging, and therapy. However, there are few systematic studies on the biological effects and biocompatibility of Pdots in vitro and in vivo. The physicochemical properties of Pdots, such as surface modification, are very important in biomedical applications. Focusing on the central issue of the biological effects of Pdots, we systematically investigated the biological effects and biocompatibility of Pdots with different surface modifications and revealed the interactions between Pdots and organisms at the cellular and animal levels. The surfaces of Pdots were modified with different functional groups, including thiol, carboxyl, and amino groups, named Pdots@SH, Pdots@COOH, and Pdots@NH2, respectively. Extracellular studies showed that the modification of sulfhydryl, carboxyl, and amino groups had no significant effect on the physicochemical properties of Pdots, except that the amino modification affected the stability of Pdots to a certain extent. At the cellular level, Pdots@NH2 reduced cellular uptake capacity and increased cytotoxicity due to their instability in solution. At the in vivo level, the body circulation and metabolic clearance of Pdots@SH and Pdots@COOH were superior to those of Pdots@NH2. The four kinds of Pdots had no obvious effect on the blood indexes of mice and histopathological lesions in the main tissues and organs. This study provides important data for the biological effects and safety assessment of Pdots with different surface modifications, which pave the way for their potential biomedical applications.

Obesity and visceral fat: Indicators for anemia among household women visiting a health camp on world obesity day

BackgroundObesity and anemia are among most common non-communicable diseases not only in India but around the world. These conditions are observed together more among females. Obesity being a risk factor for various lifestyle disease, is hypothesized to affect iron absorption and hence level of hemoglobin. ObjectivesTo find the prevalence of obesity and anemia among given sample population and to find out various factors affecting obesity and anemia. MethodsA cross sectional study was done among married females visiting a health camp on World Obesity Day. They were assessed using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and anthropometric examination. Basic clinical examination, body fat analysis and blood indices were also done. ResultsThe mean age of study participants was found to be 30.27 ± 5.3 years. 487 (70.78%) of the study participants were found obese with BMI >23 kg/m2 and 61 (8.86%%) participants were found to be anemic. Increasing age, education level, menstrual flow, gravida, parity were found to be significantly associated with obesity. Among participants who were anemic, majority (86.9%) had low visceral fat, suggesting the relationship of anemia and fat metabolism is more related to peripheral fat deposition and not much to visceral fat (p < 0.05). ConclusionOur study findings suggest there is a need to carry out in-depth longitudinal and multicentric studies on larger population to see the exact relationship between visceral fat/obesity and anemia as in our study, the prevalence of anemia was very less and thus giving confusing results about visceral and total body fat relation with anaemia.