Blood Of Experimental Animals Research Articles

Efficacy of treatment of small animals with triamcinolone-based medications for atopic dermatitis

Among the diseases of small pets, skin diseases are one of the leading ones. Atopic dermatitis is a common skin condition in small pets, which, according to veterinarians’ estimates, affects 10-15% of dogs and 7-18% of cats. Depending on the allergens involved, clinical signs can be seasonal or non-seasonal, and the disease usually requires lifelong treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of treating atopy in dogs and cats with the use of triamcinolone-based veterinary medications (oral suspension). Standard clinical, haematological, biochemical, and immunological methods were used in the study. The increased content of total immunoglobulin E (Ig E) in the blood of experimental animals before treatment (Group I – 3.4 times, and Group II – 3.9 times compared to the control) indicates the presence of an allergic response in the body. It was found that the tested veterinary medications do not substantially affect the haematological parameters of dogs and cats when administered orally, and in therapeutic doses do not have a toxic effect on the functional state of the liver and kidneys. It was proved that on Day 4 of use of oral suspension No. 1 and No. 2 based on triamcinolone (1%) acetonide and a complex of B vitamins in a therapeutic dosage, an improvement in the general clinical condition of animals was recorded. On Day 8 of treatment, dogs and cats in experimental Groups I and II showed improvement in skin condition: a reduction in the lesion area, absence of redness, scratching, and exfoliation. The general clinical condition of the skin of the experimental animals stayed unchanged from Day 8 to Day 12. The developed oral suspensions have a pronounced anti-allergic effect and improve the skin condition of small pets (dogs and cats) with atopic dermatitis

Вплив водорозчинних С60-фулеренів на перебіг cпричиненого рабдоміолізом пошкодження нирок різного ступеня тяжкості

Rhabdomyolysis, as an acute stage of myopathy, causes kidney damage. Literary data indicate that this pathology is caused by the accumulation of muscle breakdown products and is associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, the effect of water-soluble C60 fullerenes (C60), as powerful antioxidants, at different doses of intraperitoneal administration (1 and 2 mg·kg-1) on the development of kidney damage due to the rhabdomyolysis of various severity degrees, which was caused by the intramuscular injection of a 50% glycerol solution into the muscle soleus in doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg·kg-1 was evaluated in the present work. C60 injections at doses of 2 mg·kg-1 have been shown to most effectively increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in severe renal failure (by 29, 38 and 51% on the 3rd, 6th and 9th day of the experiment, respectively). Changes in the content of creatine phosphokinase and activity of glutathione peroxidase in the blood of experimental animals are correlated well (r > 0.94) with changes in GFR with the use of C60. This opens up new opportunities in the therapy of pathological conditions of the muscular system, which are caused by rhabdomyolysis, release of labile Fe3+ from damaged muscle fibers and associated oxidative stress.

Comparative analysis of morphological and biochemical changes after a single intragastric administration of hybrid organotin compounds

Introduction. Organotin compounds are promising candidates for antitumor drugs. Identification of pathogenetic features of the general toxic effect of hybrid organotin compounds during the period of the greatest severity of the intoxication clinical picture will allow to estimate the risk of hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic complications with the administration of bis (3,5–di– tert–butyl–4–hydroxyphenylthiolate) dimethyltin (Me-3) and ((3,5–di–tert–butyl–4–hydroxyphenylthiolate) triphenyltin (M-e5) as chemotherapeutic agents.Аim: To conduct a comparative analysis of morphological and biochemical changes with a single intragastric administration of hybrid organotin compounds Me-3 and Me-5 in the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) on the 7th day of the toxic process development.Material and Methods. Hybrid organotin compounds Me-3 and Me-5 were administered once intragastrically to Wistar rats (females) at a MTD of 2000 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg, respectively. Biochemical and morphological studies were carried out on the 7th day of the development of intoxication symptoms according to standard methods.Results. With the introduction of Me-3 and Me-5 in the liver, signs of fatty dystrophy of varying severity were revealed, with a predominant lesion of centrolobular hepatocytes, an increase in the size of portal tracts due to edema and fibrosis, and scant lymphocytic infiltration. With the introduction of Me-5, morphological changes were more severe, with the involvement of the vascular bed of the organ in the process. When the tested compounds were administered in the kidneys, the same type of damage to the glomerular apparatus and renal tubules was recorded, characteristic of toxic nephropathy. Unidirectional changes in the blood of experimental animals were revealed in the group of nonspecific biochemical markers of cytolysis: a moderate decrease in transaminase activity and an increase in the activity of creatine kinase (CC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine levels. The process of formation of urea and protein synthesis was functionally preserved.Conclusion. On the 7th day of the development of intoxication with a single intragastric administration of hybrid organotin compounds Me-3 and Me-5 in the maximum tolerated doses, biochemical and morphological changes in the body of animals could be attributed to a moderate degree of severity.

Influence of macrophages on the insulin-synthesizing system under normal conditions and in alloxan diabetes

Insulin-synthesizing cells (ISCs) of pancreatic gland are localized both in its islets, and in exocrine portion, as single cells or cellular agglomerates. ISCs differ in their morphological and functional characteristics, depending on characteristics of the microenvironment. Resident macrophages are also involved into formation of their microenvironment. Our purpose was to assess the effect of functional macrophages upon the insulinsynthesizing system (pancreatic islets, cell agglomerates, and separately lying insulin-synthesizing cells) under normal conditions and in alloxan diabetes.Alloxan diabetes was induced in mature male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (30 mg/100 g). Functional activity of macrophages was modeled with anti-inflammatory drug aminophthalhydrazide (AMP). Contents of insulin, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured in blood of experimental animals. The levels of IL-1α, TNFα and IFNγ were determined in pancreatic homogenate. The number of macrophages was counted in histological preparations from the insular and exocrine parts of the organ, as well as the number of pancreatic islets, agglomerates, and single ISCs. The amounts of proliferating cells (insulin+Ki-67+), apoptotic forms (TUNEL+insulin+), and insulin content of ISCs at different sites (according to their fluorescence intensity) were determined. All pancreatic islets were divided into 3 types, according to intensity of insulin fluorescence, i.e., islets with high, median and low levels of fluorescence.In healthy rats, immunomodulation reduced total level of IL-1α in pancreatic parenchyma, without changing the overall parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. In the exocrine part of pancreas, the content of single ISCs in ductal epithelium was increased. Likewise, proliferation of the ISC agglomerates became higher. The intensity of β-cell apoptosis increased in pancreatic islets. The proportion of islets with high-level insulin fluorescence was decreased, along with lower density of macrophages and proliferation rates of β-cells, and higher apoptosis rates, than in intact animals. We have also revealed there an increased ratio of cells with average insulin levels. In the islets with low insulin content, immunomodulation did not cause morphological changes. Administration of AMP in alloxan diabetes contributes to a significantly decreased concentration of IFNγ in pancreatic tissues, stabilizes IL-1α content, along with reduced apoptosis of ISCs and macrophage infiltration in all parts of the gland. In the ductal epithelium, a large number of single ISCs with high synthetic activity was observed, with retained number of agglomerates and their increased cellularity. The number of dividing β-cells is increased in pancreatic islets.Modulation of the functional activity of pancreatic macrophages under physiological conditions provides a multidirectional effect on the insulin-synthesizing cells, depending on their localization. In exocrine part of the organ, where M2 macrophages are located, we have observed activated differentiation and proliferation of ISC precursors. Meanwhile, in the islets where M1 macrophages are present, apoptosis of β-cells was enhanced. In alloxan diabetes, immunomodulation was associated with reduced destruction of insulinocytes, along with high intensity of their proliferation. Heterogenous response of ISCs to the changes in the microenvironment depends on their synthetic activity. In healthy rats, the islets with high level of insulin fluorescence, the level of apoptosis is increased, and β-cell proliferation is reduced, while the morphological and functional characteristics of islets with low-level insulin fluorescence did not change. In alloxan diabetes, apoptosis prevailed in islets with high fluorescence values, whereas β-cell proliferation predominated in the islets with low insulin contents.

Активність маркерів кісткового метаболізму у тварин зі змодельованим остеопорозом після проведення дентальної імплантації

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the state of bone metabolism by determining the activity of alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the blood of experimental animals with simulated osteoporosis after dental implantation under the influence of corrective osteotropic therapy. Materials and methods. The experimental part of the study was performed on 78 rabbits (Chinchilla breed): 15 animals – the control group and 63 animals – the experimental group (31 females and 32 males). After placement of implants, in the blood of the experimental animals, after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was determined by a unified colorimetric method and the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase – by an immunoenzymatic method using the “Bone TRACP Assay” kit by Assay Pro (USA). Results and discussion. On the 12th month of the experimental research in the experimental animals of subgroup A (I), the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood was significantly lower compared to the data of intact animals, p<0.01 and 64.71% lower, compared to the initial data, p1<0.01. It was noted that after 12 months of observation in animals of subgroup B (I), the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood was equal to the data of intact animals, p>0.05, and was 72.06% lower than the initial values, p1<0.01. After 12 months of research, the animals of the subgroups, where no correction of simulated osteoporosis was performed, observed an intense increase in the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the blood. At the same time, in the subgroups where the medicinal treatment of osteoporotic phenomena was carried out, there was a tendency to decrease the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the blood, the data of which after 12 months of observation were equal to the values in intact animals, p>0.05, and were probably lower than the initial values. Thus, a decrease in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the blood of animals with simulated osteoporosis treated with antiresorptive therapy can be interpreted as a decrease in bone tissue resorption. Conclusion. Summarizing the results of these studies and paying attention to the results of the activity of alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the blood of animals with simulated osteoporosis, it can be assumed that in animals that received drug therapy aimed at the correction of osteoporotic phenomena, the processes of bone material synthesis prevail over resorption

Morphofunctional features of tissues and blood in rats against the background of experimental diabetes mellitus

Introduction. Increased susceptibility to infections in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired body protective functions as a result of suppressed immunity, increased cellular adhesion of microorganisms, susceptibility to catabolic processes. Purpose - to determine the morphofunctional features of tissues and blood in rats against the background of experimental diabetes mellitus (EDM); to investigate the effect of the extract of seven medicinal plants BNO 1030 in them. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on 20 male Wistar rats in order to determine their level of nicotineamideadeninedinucleotide (NAD), reactive oxygen species in white blood cells and superoxide dismutase. All animals were separated: the Group 1 was the control group of healthy rats, the Group 2 - the control group receiving BNO 1030 extract, the Group 3 included animals with the EDM without treatment, the Group 4 - rats with the EDM, which received the BNO 1030 extract. Results. After 6 weeks of development of the EDM, the NAD blood level in diabetic rats was reduced and reached (0.270±0.017) µmol/L, which is lower than that in the control group ((0.357±0.021) µmol/L). The group of diabetic rats treated with BNO 1030 extract showed its increase to (0.341±0.012) μmol/L compared to the group of diabetic animals, which did not receive the drug. While assessing the viability of white blood cells, it has been established that the death of most of these cells occurs by apoptosis against the background of the EDM. When BNO 1030 was used in the group of diabetic rats, the level of apoptotic cells decreased and amounted to 13.7% compared to the group, which was not administered with the drug (20.8%). In addition, the level of apoptosis in control rats, which also received BNO 1030, decreased by 3% versus the control group. Conclusions. The reduction of NAD content in tissues and blood in experimental animals with the EDM was determined, and its increase by 24% following the administration of BNO 1030 was established, which proves positive effect of the drug on the course of energy processes and glycolysis - the main route of carbohydrate metabolism. When carrying out experiments with laboratory animals, all bioethical norms and recommendations were observed. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Chemo-preventive Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Newbouldia laevis and Olax subscorpioidea Leaves on Methylnitrosourea–induced Stroma Fibrosis in Breast Tissues of Female Albino Rats

Breast cancer represents the most common neoplastic disease in females, accounting for up to one third of new diagnoses of women’s cancer in certain regions of the world. The chemo-preventive activity of ethanolic extracts of Newbouldia laevis and Olax subscorpioidea leaves on methylnitrosourea (MNU)–induced stroma fibrosis in female albino rats was evaluated. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out to identify and determine the quantity of bioactive compounds. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining procedure was used to assess breast tissues of experimental animals. Cancer antigen (CA) markers 15-3, 27-29 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the blood of experimental animals were evaluated using an automated procedure. Quantitative phytochemical screening showed that Olax subscorpioidea and Newbouldia laevis contained alkaloid in the highest amount. Histopathological assay revealed the presence of stromal fibrosis in the breast tissues of 8 out of 10 rats administered with NMU. Levels of CA 15-3, CA 27-29, CEA were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in MNU administered group in comparison to the negative control. Treatment with Olax subscorpioidea leave extract significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated CA 15-3, CA 27-29 and CEA levels. However, treatment with Newbouldia laevis leave extract significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated CA 15-3 and CEA levels only. Findings from this study showed that ethanolic extracts of Olax subscorpioidea and Newbouldia laevis leaves have chemo-preventive activity in NMU-induced stroma fibrosis in the breast tissue of female albino rats. However more studies on the discovery and validation of bioactive components of the plants are needed.

Comparative analysis of morphological and biochemical changes after a single intragastric administration of hybrid organotin compounds

Introduction. Organotin compounds are promising candidates for antitumor drugs. Identification of pathogenetic features of the general toxic effect of hybrid organotin compounds during the period of the greatest severity of the intoxication clinical picture will allow to estimate the risk of hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic complications with the administration of bis (3,5–di–tert–butyl–4–hydroxyphenylthiolate) dimethyltin (Me-3) and ((3,5–di–tert–butyl–4–hydroxyphenylthiolate) triphenyltin (M-e5) as chemotherapeutic agents.The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of morphological and biochemical changes with a single intragastric administration of hybrid organotin compounds Me–3 and Me-5 in the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) on the 7th day of the toxic process development.Material and Methods. Hybrid organotin compounds Me-3 and Me-5 were administered once intragastrically to Wistar rats (females) at a MTD of 2000 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg, respectively. Biochemical and morphological studies were carried out on the 7th day of the development of intoxication symptoms according to standard methods.Results. With the introduction of Me-3 and Me-5 in the liver, signs of fatty dystrophy of varying severity were revealed, with a predominant lesion of centrolobular hepatocytes, an increase in the size of portal tracts due to edema and fibrosis, and scant lymphocytic infiltration. With the introduction of Me-5, morphological changes were more severe, with the involvement of the vascular bed of the organ in the process. When the tested compounds were administered in the kidneys, the same type of damage to the glomerular apparatus and renal tubules was recorded, characteristic of toxic nephropathy. Unidirectional changes in the blood of experimental animals were revealed in the group of nonspecific biochemical markers of cytolysis: a moderate decrease in transaminase activity and an increase in the activity of creatine kinase (CC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine levels. The process of formation of urea and protein synthesis was functionally preserved.Conclusion. On the 7th day of the development of intoxication with a single intragastric administration of hybrid organotin compounds Me-3 and Me-5 in the maximum tolerated doses, biochemical and morphological changes in the body of animals could be attributed to a moderate degree of severity.

Assessment of the Biological Safety of Metal Alloys TNT (Ti21Nb6Ta) and ВТ-6 (Ti-6Al-4V)

The introduction of modern technologies in traumatology and orthopedics, such as immersion fixators and new biometallic alloys, has led to a qualitative change in approaches to treatment, but the use of new materials in the manufacture of implants remains relevant.Purpose of the study. Study of the biocompatibility of an alloy of titanium, tantalum and niobium (Ti21Nb6Ta) in vitrо. Methods. The study examined the toxic effects of aqueous extracts of TNT (Ti21Nb6Ta) and BT-6 (Ti-6Al-4V) on human fibroblasts and periosteal cells in vitro using the MTT test; hemolytic activity of TNT and BT-6 alloys on the blood of experimental animals - Wistar rats (in vitro) by spectrophotometry; Pyrogenic activity was also studied using the kinetic chromogenic method. The object of the study is the metal alloys TNT (Ti21Nb6Ta) and BT-6 (Ti-6Al-4V) (control group).Results. In vitro studies have shown that aqueous extracts from the metal alloys TNT and BT-6 do not have a cytotoxic effect on cultured human fibroblasts and periosteal cells in vitro. It was revealed that aqueous extracts of TNT and BT-6 alloys do not have hemolytic and pyrogenic activity.Conclusions. The studies conducted indicate a high level of safety and biocompatibility of the TNT alloy, which is proven by a set of in vitro tests. Thus, according to the generally accepted hygienic classification, the metal alloys TNT (Ti21Nb6Ta) and BT-6 (Ti-6Al-4V) can be classified as hazard class 4 - low-hazard substances (GOST 12.1.007-76).

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОФИЛЯ ГЛУБОКОСТЕЛЬНЫХ И НОВОТЕЛЬНЫХ КОРОВ НА ФОНЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ БИОСТИМУЛЯТОРОВ (сообщение 1)

The possibility of using of domestic biologics of new generation Prevention-N-A-M and PS-7 was studied in order to activate the nonspecific resistance of the animal organism. The article presents data on the morphological parameters of the blood of animals (the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and the content of hemoglobin). The positive effect of the tested biologics on morphological parameters of blood was established. The increase of the number of erythrocytes and the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood of down-calving and freshly calved cows indicates that the introduction of biologics Prevention-N-A-M and PS-7 contributes to the activation of hematopoiesis in animals of the experimental groups. The established changes in the number of leukocytes in the blood of experimental animals on the background of intramuscular injection of biologics indicate the activation of cellular factors of nonspecific protection of the body. Data on differential leukocyte count will be presented in message 2. The results of the study make it possible to scientifically substantiate the feasibility of using biologics in animal husbandry as an effective way to increase the resistance of the body of cows, which can significantly improve their health and reduce the risk of diseases.

Биохимическое исследование крови японских перепелов: эффект влияния экстракта ромашки (Matricaria recutita L.)

The high egg production and fast growth of the Japanese quail attracts a lot of attention to quail farming. This is ensured by the reproductive system of quails, which allows you to purposefully influence their productivity. However, the intensive feeding and rearing systems recently used in commercial quail farming are detrimental to the health of quails. The use of medicinal plants as effective natural growth stimulants can solve this problem, since this direction has found wide application in animal husbandry. This study is intended to determine the effect of an aqueous extract of chamomile on the biochemical parameters of the blood of Japanese quails of the Estonian breed. The experiment involved 60 Japanese quails (experiment-30 and control-30), the experimental group from the age of two weeks was fed this chamomile extract for four weeks (chamomile extract 3 ml/l together with drinking water). Using a universal analyzer, hematological (erythrocytes, hemoglobin) and biochemical parameters (total serum protein, albumins, globulins, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, calcium, ALT, AST) were determined in the blood of experimental animals. The authors conclude that chamomile extract significantly increases the level of total protein and albumin, reduces the level of glucose in the blood serum of Japanese quails and can be used as a safe natural growth stimulant for Japanese quails.

ПРО МОЖЛИВОСТІ КОРЕКЦІЇ ДЕЯКИХ БІОХІМІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ КРОВІ ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІЙ ЕМФІЗЕМІ ЛЕГЕНЬ

Pulmonary emphysema is a complex heterogeneous pathology. Regardless of the causes of its occurrence, it is characterized by a decrease in the elastic properties of the lung tissue, the destruction of the alveolar walls, their capillary network, and an increase in the air space of the lungs distal to the terminal bronchioles. Oxidative stress is considered one of the key mechanisms of the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema, therefore research on the use of cytoflavin, the components of which are natural metabolites of the body with antioxidant properties, is relevant in experimental pulmonary emphysema. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of cytoflavin on the oxidant- antioxidant system of blood in experimental pulmonary emphysema. Materials and methods. Experimental papain pulmonary emphysema in white rats was reproduced by a single intratracheal injection of 0,5 ml of papain solution (Merck KGaA, Germany) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight under light ether anesthesia. The study was conducted on four groups of animals. The 1st group — intact animals, the 2nd group — intact animals treated with cytoflavin, the 3rd — with experimental pulmonary emphysema, the 4th group — animals with pulmonary emphysema treated with cytoflavin. Cytoflavin succinate in a dose of 100 mg/kg (1 ml/kg) daily was administered to animals intraperitoneally for 21 days. The amount of malondialdehyde, catalase activity and ceruloplasmin content in the blood of the studied animals were determined. Results. It was found that in pulmonary emphysema, the content of malondialdehyde in the blood of experimental animals was 18,63 % higher than in healthy animals. In animals with pulmonary emphysema, the activity of catalase and the content of ceruloplasmin in the blood were lower than in the group of intact animals by 29,2 % and 19,8 %, respectively. In animals with pulmonary emphysema, the use of cytoflavin led to a decrease of malondialdehyde concentration, and also contributed to the restoration of the catalase activity and the content of ceruloplasmin in the blood to the level of intact animals. Conclusion. Cytoflavin led to the suppression of free radical oxidation, to an increase in antioxidant activity and a decrease in endogenous intoxication in experimental pulmonary emphysema. Key words: pulmonary emphysema, oxidant and antioxidant systems, experiment.

Study of parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in rats treated with cadmium nitrate with biocorrection by infusion of Beta vulgaris seeds

Recently, interest in natural antioxidants and their use in the food industry has increased. In addition to ensuring maximum safety of the produced product, they also serve as an antioxidant shield for the entire living organism. Plant extracts contain flavonoid compounds that have an antioxidant effect. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to study the antioxidant properties of infusion of Beta vulgaris’s seeds, to establish the relationship between acute and subacute inoculation of rats with cadmium nitrate and oxidative stress. For this experimental study, we used 50 male rats. The animals were exposed to Cd nitrate, with an initial weight of 180 ± 30 g. The first groups of rats were injected with cadmium nitrate at a dose of 0.1 g/L inter peritoneal, the second groups received a 0.01% solution of cadmium nitrate 1 ml 5 days a week, orally for 10 and 24 days. The state of oxidative metabolism in the blood was investigated. To assess the state of oxidative metabolism in the blood, the primary, secondary and end products of lipid peroxidation were determined, such as diene conjugates (DC), cetodiene (CD), malondialdehyde (MDA), Schiff bases (SHB), and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP), catalase (CAT), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzymes were evaluated by the parameters of antioxidant protection. The mean ± SEM values were calculated for each group to determine the significance of the intergroup difference. Each parameter was analyzed separately using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. To determine the difference between groups, Student’s “t”-test was used. Studies have shown that with the use of cadmium in the blood of experimental animals, there is a violation of catabolits of lipoperoxidation, depending on the length of the days of poisoning, but a significant decrease in the biocorrection of Beta vulgaris’s seeds. Because of in this study, we found that the activity levels of antioxidant defense enzymes were significantly increased in the blood of experimental animals, which biocorrected with beetroot seed infusion. In conclusion, our study allows us to state that the use infusion of Beta vulgaris’s seeds in subacute and acute experiments with poisoning of experimental rats with cadmium nitrate as an antioxidant protective effect.

Interaction of the living mass with the biochemical composition of the blood of feeding cows

The patterns of the biochemical composition of the blood and the relationship of the live masses of the consecious cows in the process of section are studied. Outdoor animals on the first lactation amounted to 6784, 7187 and 7487 kg of milk in it with fat in it 4.04-4.09% and protein 3.39-3.49%. At the same time, highly productive cows are more intensely using tissue reserves of their organism on milk synthesis. The effectiveness of the use of feed nutrients is observed during lactation. Highlighted on Holstein (1/16C + 1/16A+7 / 8kpg) Animals The surveillance occurs more actively, the decrease in the live weight occurs within four months of lactation, during which time they lost in weight by an average of 56.6 kg, cows genotype1/8c + 1/8a + 3/4kpg reduced the living mass for three months, during which time they stuck a weight of 47.3 kg and the cow genotype 1/4c + 1/4a + 1/2kpg also reduced the living mass for three months, losses were 37.9 kg. Losses of the live mass in the first month of lactation are 19.4-25.0 kg, after the second month, respectively, 12.4-20.3 kg and for the third month 5.9-10.2 kg. Cows genotype 1/4c + 1/4a + 1/2kpg and 1/8c + 1/8a + 3/4kpg The initial living mass that they had after the calves were reached on the ninth month lactation, and the cows genotype 1/16c + 1/16A + 7/8kpg on the tenth month lactation. In this case, the biochemical indicators of blood in experimental animals are closely linked to their lively mass and productivity indicates the strength of the biochemical exchange processes in experimental animals.

Features of the functional state of the organism of sheep under stress

The stresses that arise during routine animal husbandry procedures, such as milking, shearing, weighing, loading and hoof care, are an actual problem in animal husbandry. The components of economic damage under stress are a decrease in overall resistance and productivity, deterioration in product quality, an increase in labor costs and funds per unit of production, an increase in animal morbidity and mortality. The studies were carried out on the basis of Belozernoe farm in the Salsky district, the Rostov region. A complex of clinical and laboratory studies was performed on 18 sheep (10 Romanov and 8 Tsigay breeds) aged 2 to 3 years, before and after a planned routine shearing. Stress in sheep caused by planned shearing was clinically manifested by general depression, in some cases, subfebrile fever, moderate tachypnea and tachycardia. It was shown that stress was accompanied by anemia, the development of erythropenia and leukopenia. Immunocompetent cells in the blood of experimental animals during stress development were analyzed. Severe lymphocytopenia was found to occur after a haircut. In addition, in the blood of experimental animals under stress, a tendency to a decrease in T-total cells was noted, which was accompanied by an increase in 0-cells, which was significant in sheep of the Tsigay breed (p0.05). When analyzing the main immunoregulatory T cells in sheep under stress, a significant increase in T-suppressors was revealed with a relatively stable level of T-helpers in the blood studied. Thus, a significant (p0.05) increase in the level of T-suppressors in sheep of Romanov and Tsigay breeds was recorded; it was by 1.15 and 1.19 times higher compared with the initial data. It should be noted that we did not find any significant differences between animals of Romanov and Tsigay breeds in stress development after shearing. The obtained data should be taken into account in the further search for methods of stress correction in sheep.

The effect of vitamin-herbal flour from <i>R. carthamoides</i> on the blood parameters of young cattle

The article is devoted to the results of studies on the effect of vitamin-herbal flour obtained from the green mass of Rhaponticum carthamoides on Holstein black-andwhite calves at the age of 15 months to improve the morpho-biochemical status of blood. Experimental studies were carried out in LLC “Agroenterprise “Sokolovo” of the Perm Region. Rhaponticum carthamoides, used for the manufacture of vitamin and herbal flour, was grown in the experimental field of the Perm Research Institute. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of feeding vitamin-herbal flour from Rhaponticum carthamoides on metabolic processes in the body of young cattle.Methods. In the production experiment, 15-month-old heifers of holstein 350 kg were selected. Previously, the animals were distributed into a control (main diet) and 2 experimental groups (main diet + vitamin and herbal flour (TMM) from Rhaponticum carthamoides) of 12 heads each. The main diet of heifers consisted of compound feed (KK 60-3 recipe 400). The dose and feeding period of vitamin-herbal flour: 1st and 2nd experimental groups with 15 months of life of 150 gr. and 300 gr. per day, the duration of feeding — 90 days. Vitamin-herbal flour was fed individually on the feed table. During the experiment, the general condition of the animals was monitored.Results. It was found that the introduction of vitamin-herbal flour (levzea) into the diet of young cattle (heifers) for 3 months contributed to the normalization of the morphobiochemical composition of the blood of experimental animals. The clinical condition of chicks without deviations from the physiological norm.

HPLC DETECTION OF ANTITHROMBITIC CALIX[4]ARENE IN BLOOD PLASMA OF ANIMALS

Previously sodium salt of 5,11,17,23-bis (dihydroxyphosphoryl) methylcalix[4]arene (C-145) was shown to be promising antithrombotic agent. Aim. This work was focused on the development of the method for the direct detection of this substance in blood plasma and estimation of pharmacokinetics of this compound. Methods. C-145 was injected into the Wistar rat’s lateral tail vein and into rabbit’s marginal vein of the ear (12 mg/kg) or was administrated per-oral. The anticoagulant effects of C-145 in blood plasma were confirmed by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test. HPLC was performed using Agilent 1100 series (Agilent, USA) on the phase cyano ZorbaxCN Column which parameters were L×I.D. 25 cm×4.6 mm. Results. The maximal antithrombotic effect after the intravenous or per-oral administration of C-145 was observed after 4-6 hours. In particular clotting time in APTT-test in these blood plasma samples was prolonged trice and more (120 s against 46 s in control). Normalization of blood clotting was achieved after 24 hours after the injection. To develop a method for direct C-145 detection in blood plasma we selected samples with maximal prolongation of clotting time. For accurate analysis of blood plasma samples proteins were saturated by 10 % trichloroacetic acid. After neutralization by NaHCO3 samples were prepared using 12-port vacuum unit for solid-phase extraction (Agilent, USA) with a Bond-Elut C18 cartridge. Samples that contained C-145 were eluted by 100% methanol for the HPLC analysis performed on the phase cyano ZorbaxCN Column equilibrated with an acetonitrile solution (ddH2O:AcCN 99:1). Elution was performed using a combined gradient of acetonitrile (100 %) and citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6.0). The elution zone of C-145 was detected on the 128th minute at 280 nm. Conclusion. Application of the developed methods allowed us to confirm the direct antithrombotic effect of calix[4]arene C-145 on blood of experimental animals during intravenous administration. Also HPLC technique enabled to detect this substance in blood plasma and most likely could be applied for other biological solutions and could be modified for the quantitative analysis in the pharmacokinetic studies as well.

Robusta Coffee (Coffeacanephora) Down Regulation TNF-α Expression in Carotid Artery Endothelial Cell of Hyperlipidemia Rat Model

Hyperlipidemia is a cause of atherosclerosis, that characterized by an abnormal elevation of cholesterol, especially Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL). It leads to foam cell formation, andcorrelated with the increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α.Inflammatory is assumed to be inhibited by natural ingredients which have antiinflammatory effect. One of the natural product which predicted to have antiinflammatory effect is robusta coffee. This research aimedto investigate the effect of robustacoffee on TNF-α expression in hyperlidemiarat model. Fiveteenmale Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Control (K), Hyperlipidemia (H), and coffeerobusta(C). Hyperlipidemia induced by feeding the yolks of duck and pork oil. Infraorbital blood was taken for examination of LDL levels andthe rats were sacrified at 29 day after the treatment. Carotid arteries were then processed histologically. Anova and LSD test results showed levels of LDL in the coffee group were significantly different from the hyperlipidemia group (p < 0.05).Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed using rabbit anti rat TNF- α polyclonal antibody. Lipid deposition in carotid artery observation within Sudan IV staining.Resultshowed robustacoffee induced lower expression of TNF- α and less lipid deposition in subendotelial layer. StrongTNF-αpositive staining seems on hyperlipidemia group. Robusta coffeedown regulationTNF-α expressionin carotid artery ofhyperlipidemia rat model.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Robusta coffee has been shown down regulated TNF-a expression in endothelial cells carotid artery of rats induced by hyperlipidemia
 Robusta coffee has been shown to decrease lipid deposition in the subendothelial layer of rats induced by hyperlipidemia
 This study proves that induction using pork oil and duck egg yolk can increase LDL levels in the blood of experimental animals
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

NEW VITAMIN-MINERAL PREPARATION FOR PREVENTION OF OBSTETRIC PATHOLOGY OF ANIMALS «BIOTAN 3Z»

The article presents the vitamin and mineral preparation «Biotan 3Z" which includes micro- and macroelements in the form of water-soluble salts, namely Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron, Copper Manganese, Copper, Cobalt and Manganese. It also contains many vitamins (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, vitamin A, E, B1, PP) and essential amino acids - rich in methionine, lysine, arginine, histidine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, cystine, tryptophan, glycine, proline, threonine and serine, which are necessary for the normal functioning of the body. Due to this veterinary drug the level of diseases of domestic animals decreases, their productive qualities increase. This drug accelerates the growth of animals. Vitamin and mineral preparation «Biotan 3Z" reduces the incidence and mortality of animals. Prevents diseases that originate from changes in housing conditions or occur against the background of metabolism or lack of vitamins and minerals.
 When using this drug in bitches, the biochemical and morphological parameters of the blood of these animals were analyzed. Significant changes in blood parameters such as erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, before and after administration of the drug in various forms of manifestation have not been established. There was only a slight increase in erythrocytes from 6,6±0,2 thousand / ml to 7,8±0,4 thousand/ml, as well as a slight increase in hemoglobin from 120±3,8 g/l to 146±6,8 g/l. Vitamins and minerals contained in the fed drug had a positive effect on metabolism in the mother and fetus, as evidenced by changes in blood creatinine, which at 14 weeks before delivery was 127,6 μmol/l and on the first day of delivery in the experimental group increased to 135.8 μmol/l.
 The addition of a vitamin-mineral preparation to the main diet in some way affected the metabolism and biochemical composition of the blood of the bitches of the experimental group. It was expressed by an increase in the physiological limits of glucose, total protein, albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus and a decrease in globulins, bilirubin and AST. The concentration of urea, triglycerides and LF activity almost did not change.
 Feeding of vitamin-mineral preparation «Biotan 3Z» to bitches before childbirth affected the content in the blood of experimental animals of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus, the concentration of which increased by 0,2 mmol / l compared to baseline, and 0,2 and 0,3 mmol/l – with the control group after the experiment. Vitamin and mineral preparation «Biotan 3Z» is of interest for veterinary medicine and therefore it is advisable to continue its further clinical study.

Influence of the feed additive Biovitel on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of steers when intensive fattening technology

One of the most important factors for increasing efficiency is the organization of complete ration feeding is to provide farm animals with all the necessary micro- and macroelements. In this regard, rations should be developed on the basis of detailed norms, taking into account the actual chemical composition and nutritional value of the feed used. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of the feed additive Biovitel on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of steers of Hereford breed under intensive fattening technology. On the base of laboratory blood tests it was possible to trace the effect of the feed protein additive Biovitel on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of experimental animals. The correlation of hematological parameters and productivity of animals when using the feed protein additive Biovitel has been evaluated. It has been found that the use of the protein feed additive Biovitel for steers during the fattening period is an effective means to reduce production losses and has a positive effect on the morphological and biochemical parameters of animal blood. The obtained data indicate that the blood parameters were higher in the animals of the experimental group throughout the entire period of research, which contributes to the increase in the physiological status of the animal organism. The revealed correlation coefficients of the live weight of steers with the biochemical parameters of the blood of animals have shown the presence of closer correlation coefficients in the experimental group of steers have been received the feed additive Biovitel.