Robusta Coffee (Coffeacanephora) Down Regulation TNF-α Expression in Carotid Artery Endothelial Cell of Hyperlipidemia Rat Model

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a cause of atherosclerosis, that characterized by an abnormal elevation of cholesterol, especially Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL). It leads to foam cell formation, andcorrelated with the increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α.Inflammatory is assumed to be inhibited by natural ingredients which have antiinflammatory effect. One of the natural product which predicted to have antiinflammatory effect is robusta coffee. This research aimedto investigate the effect of robustacoffee on TNF-α expression in hyperlidemiarat model. Fiveteenmale Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Control (K), Hyperlipidemia (H), and coffeerobusta(C). Hyperlipidemia induced by feeding the yolks of duck and pork oil. Infraorbital blood was taken for examination of LDL levels andthe rats were sacrified at 29 day after the treatment. Carotid arteries were then processed histologically. Anova and LSD test results showed levels of LDL in the coffee group were significantly different from the hyperlipidemia group (p < 0.05).Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed using rabbit anti rat TNF- α polyclonal antibody. Lipid deposition in carotid artery observation within Sudan IV staining.Resultshowed robustacoffee induced lower expression of TNF- α and less lipid deposition in subendotelial layer. StrongTNF-αpositive staining seems on hyperlipidemia group. Robusta coffeedown regulationTNF-α expressionin carotid artery ofhyperlipidemia rat model.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Robusta coffee has been shown down regulated TNF-a expression in endothelial cells carotid artery of rats induced by hyperlipidemia
 Robusta coffee has been shown to decrease lipid deposition in the subendothelial layer of rats induced by hyperlipidemia
 This study proves that induction using pork oil and duck egg yolk can increase LDL levels in the blood of experimental animals
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT