Blood Hematology Research Articles

Hematologic Support in HIV Patients: Blood Transfusion Strategies and Immunological Considerations

HIV infection presents multifaceted challenges, particularly in managing hematologic complications that significantly impact patient well-being and prognosis. Hematologic manifestations such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathies are prevalent in individuals living with HIV, necessitating meticulous attention and specialized care. Among the array of interventions, blood transfusions play a pivotal role in addressing these hematologic complications. However, the complexities surrounding blood transfusion strategies in the context of HIV extend beyond mere hematologic support and delve into intricate immunological considerations. This paper aims to elucidate the nuanced landscape of hematologic support in HIV patients, focusing specifically on blood transfusion strategies and their immunological implications. The review encompasses an in-depth analysis of hematologic abnormalities commonly encountered in HIV, exploring the prevalence, etiology, and clinical impact of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathies. Additionally, it examines the indications, safety measures, and challenges associated with blood transfusion therapy in this population. Furthermore, the paper delineates the intricate interplay between blood transfusions and the immunological milieu of HIV-infected individuals. It explores the immunomodulatory effects of transfusions, potential immune activation, and the impact on disease progression, while also addressing concerns regarding alloimmunization and the modulation of immune responses posttransfusion. By synthesizing current evidence and insights, this paper delineates the clinical outcomes, challenges, and controversies surrounding blood transfusion strategies in HIV care. It underscores the need for optimized transfusion practices tailored to the unique immunological landscape of HIV patients and highlights avenues for future research and advancements in clinical practice. In conclusion, this paper serves as a comprehensive resource elucidating hematologic support through blood transfusion strategies in HIV patients, providing a foundation for informed decision-making and paving the way for enhanced care paradigms in the management of hematologic complications in HIV. Keywords: Hematologic Support, HIV, Patients and Blood Transfusion

Profil Hematologi pada Ternak Sapi Bali (Bos Sondaicus) yang Dipelihara di Desa Tunbaun Kecamatan Amarasi Barat Kabupaten Kupang

The normal value of hematology in Balinese cattles (Bos Sondaicus) maintained in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is still very limited. The hematology data is usually used for various purposes, including knowing the status of animals' health, helping to uphold the diagnosis, and monitoring responses to therapies or developments in the pathogenesis state of the disease. The sample used in this study was blood collected from Bali cattle which were symptomatically healthy, male and female who were not pregnant, and the average age was 2 - 6 years. Bali cattle will be divided into 2 groups with a total of 15 male and 15 female cows. A blood hematology test using an auto hematology analyzer, Rayto type RT-7600. Statistical calculations are calculated using the SPSS 25.0 application. Based on data analysis, RBC, HB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, LYM, and GRA have a significant discrepancy based on gender because of a value of P> 0.05. Meanwhile, MID did not have a significant difference based on sex.

The effectiveness of feeding the pancreas of pigs to calves of the weaning period of growing

Relevance. The study of the physiological effect of the pancreas, which is a slaughter waste, on the body of calves of early weaning during the formation of digestive activity of the gastrointestinal type to improve the adaptive capabilities of the body of calves is of scientific and practical interest.Methods. Scientific and production experience was carried out on calves of the weaning period for 90 days. The pancreas of pigs (pancreas) was fed, obtained from the waste of the slaughterhouse production, dried with the use of lyophilization. Calves – analogs by breed, age, live weight – were formed into two groups (n = 8), the animals of the experimental group were given a feed product at the rate of 40 mg/kg of live weight daily with compound feed with group loose content. Live weight accounting (n = 8) and analysis of biochemical and hematological composition of blood (n = 5) were carried out.Results. Higher live weight gains of calves treated with PHC were established with improvement of biochemical and hematological blood parameters (without negative aftereffect). With a tendency to increase the level of total protein due to the albumin fraction, a lower level of urea is also positive evidence of an improvement in nitrogen metabolism. Higher creatinine levels in combination with glucose and alkaline phosphatase levels characterize an increase in the availability of energy exchange processes in the body of calves under the influence of a feed product. Positive differences in the levels of phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesterol against the background of lower bilirubin levels indicate an improvement in lipid metabolism, but also (indirectly) lipotropic liver function. Positive trends have been established in hematological indicators of blood, higher levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lower levels of leukocytes.

Dietary Supplementation of Microalgae and/or Nanominerals Mitigate the Negative Effects of Heat Stress in Growing Rabbits

Heat stress (HS) is one of the most significant environmental factors that result in fluctuations and shrinkage in rabbit growth, health, and overall productivity. This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary mineral nanoparticles (selenium or zinc) and/or Spirulina platensis (SP) independently and in combination on stressed growing rabbits. A total of 180 weaned growing New Zealand White rabbits were included in this study and randomly divided into six dietary treatments. Rabbits received a basal diet (control group; CON group) or fortified with SP (1 g/kg diet), selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs, 50 mg/kg diet), zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs, 100 mg/kg diet), and a mixture of SP and SeNPs (SPSeNPs) or SP and ZnNPs (SPZnNPs) groups for 8 weeks during summer conditions. The obtained results demonstrated a significant increase in the final body weight and weight gain (p < 0.05). Additionally, the feed conversion ratio was improved during the periods from 6 to 14 weeks in the treated rabbits compared to those in the CON group. Dietary supplements considerably improved (p < 0.05) the blood hematology (WBCs, Hb, RBCs, and Hct) and some carcass traits (liver weights and edible giblets). All dietary supplements significantly decreased serum levels of total glycerides (p < 0.0001), AST (p = 0.0113), ALT (p = 0.0013), creatinine (p = 0.0009), and uric acid (p = 0.0035) compared to the CON group. All treated groups (except ZnNPs) had lower values of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin in a dose-dependent way when compared to the CON group. The values of IgA, IgG, and superoxide dismutase were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in all treated rabbits compared to the CON group. Compared with the CON group, the levels of T3 (p < 0.05) were significantly increased in all treated growing rabbits (except for the ZnNP group), while the serum cortisol, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl were significantly decreased in the treated groups (p < 0.05). Dietary supplements sustained the changes in hepatic, renal, and cardiac impairments induced by HS in growing rabbits. Adding SP (1 g/kg diet) or SeNPs (50 mg/kg diet) in the diet, either individually or in combination, improved growth performance, blood picture, and immunity-antioxidant responses in stressed rabbits. Overall, these feed additives (SP, SeNPs, or their mixture) can be applied as an effective nutritional tool to reduce negative impacts of summer stress conditions, thereby maintaining the health status and improving the heat tolerance in growing rabbits.

Association of Thrombocytopenia and C-reactive protein in COVID-19 Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the frequency and relationship between Thrombocytopenia and CRP levels in Covid-19 patients. METHODOLOGY: The cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at Dr. Ishrat ul Ebad Khan's Institute of Blood Diseases from October 2021 to September 2022. Data was collected from existing data from the blood bank and hematology laboratory. C reactive protein (CRP) and complete blood count (CBC) levels were observed in Covid-19 patients. Both genders, all age groups, COVID-19 patients and patients having Thrombocytopenia and raised levels of CRP were included in this study. At the same time, other bone marrow transplant patients and other infectious diseases such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Dengue, and Malaria were excluded from this study. Statistical analysis was done by using the SPSS 20.0 version. RESULTS: Out of 844 patients, the mean age was 50 years, and the male proportion was high at 70% (n=590). Most patients, 95% (n=803) had grade 1 thrombocytopenia. The mean age was found to be higher (&gt;50 years) in Grades 1 and 2 as compared to Grades 3 and 4, where we found (&lt;40 years). A significant (p=0.002) mean age difference among grades was found. No significant (p=0.749) median difference in CRP among Grades were found. CONCLUSION: The current study shows that COVID-19 significantly increases C-reactive protein levels. While treating and managing the patients of COVID-19, it is essential to detect the biomarkers that can predict the severity and prognosis of this disease. KEYWORDS: Thrombocytopenia, Bleeding, C-reactive Protein, COVID-19

Effect of in ovo lactoferrin injection in Fayoumi chicken eggs on immune response and some physiological parameters in posthatch chicks.

The effects of in ovo lactoferrin (Lf) injection on some physiological parameters and immune response of posthatch chicks were investigated. Live embryonated Fayoumi chicken eggs (n = 600) were randomly allocated into four groups. The first group as a control was noninjected eggs, the secondgroup was only injected with 0.1 mL of NaCl 0.75% solution, and the thirdand fourthgroups were injected with 50 and 100 µL Lf dissolved in 0.1 mL saline solution respectively. The eggs were injected on Day 15 of incubation in the amnion. The results illustrated that the hatchability of eggs in two Lf groups was significantly higher than in the control, NaCl groups. The residual yolk in chicks injected with Lf (100 µL/egg) was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). In ovo Lf injection improved lipid profile, liver function, antioxidant indices, blood haematology, serum immunoglobulins and jejunum histomorphometry compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In ovo injection of Lf decreased significantly (p < 0.001) of pathogenic bacteria in residual yolk such as Salmonella,Shigellaand Coliform compared to the control group. In conclusion, in ovo Lf injection can improve the hatchability, lipid profile, immune response and antioxidant indices and decline pathogens in the residual yolk, thus boosting the health status of newly hatched Fayoumi chicks.

The Relationship between Complement Components C1R and C5 Gene Polymorphism and the Values of Blood Indices in Suckling Piglets.

The main mechanism of innate immunity is the complement system. Its components include the protein products of the C1R and C5 genes, which are involved in the classical activation pathway as well as the inflammatory and cytolytic immune responses, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in C1R (726T > C) and C5 (1044A > C) genes, and the values of hematological and biochemical blood indices in suckling crossbred (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace × Duroc × Pietrain) piglets (n = 473), considering their age (younger, 21 ± 3 days, n = 274; older, 35 ± 3 days, n = 199) and health status. The frequencies of the C5 genotypes deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Younger piglets, healthy piglets, piglets that deviated from physiological norms and older piglets with the C1R TT genotype all had lower white and red blood cell indices. In piglets with the C5 CC genotype, younger piglets, piglets that deviated from physiological norms and older piglets, a greater number and/or percentage of monocytes were recorded in the blood. Older piglets also showed an increase in the number of leukocytes and granulocytes, along with a tendency for a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes in their blood. We concluded that a polymorphism in the C1R gene may exhibit a functional association or genetic linkage with other genes involved in the process of erythropoiesis. Furthermore the relationship between the C5 gene polymorphism and the number and/or percentage of monocytes in the blood may modify the body's defense abilities. Piglets with the CC genotype, having an increased number/proportion of these cells in their blood, probably display a weakened immune response to pathogens or a chronic stimulation of the immune system.

Blood biochemical, hormonal, and hematological responses of native sheep submitted to different environmental conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical, hormonal, and hematological blood responses of native sheep subjected to five temperatures (20°, 24°, 28°, 32°, and 36 °C), using 24 sheep of the following breeds: Santa Inês (SI), Morada Nova (MN), Soinga (SO) and no defined racial pattern (NDRP), kept in collective pens inside the climatic chamber. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme (5 temperatures and 4 breeds) with 6 animals of each breed at each temperature. There was interaction for urea (P < .0001), glucose (P < .0001), cholesterol (P < .0001), and magnesium (P < .0001) as a function of breed and air temperature. Urea (P = .001), glucose (P < .0001), triglycerides (P = .033), cholesterol (P = .004), and magnesium (P < .0001) showed differences according to breed. It was observed that T4 (P < .0001) and cortisol (P < .0001) showed an interaction between breed and temperature, while T4 (P = .001) and cortisol (P = .001) an effect of breed. The highest magnesium concentration was observed in MN, and the lowest was in NDRP, SO, and SI, which are statistically similar, and SI and NDRP are statistically similar. The hormones showed a significant effect (P < .0001) for temperature, where cortisol increased, and thyroid hormones decreased with increasing temperature. Temperatures of 32° and 36 °C contribute to changes in blood, hormone, and hematological biochemical responses of native sheep.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus Infestation with Ehrlichiosis in Shitzu-Pomeranian Crossbred Dogs Treated using Red Fermented Rice: A Case Report

This report aimed to provide information on the diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutic evaluation of Ehrlichiosis in crossbreed dogs treated using red fermented rice. A Shitzu-Pomeranian crossbreed was indicated with decreased appetite, weight loss, and the presence of high levels of pruritus due to suffering from blood parasites. Physical examination showed an infestation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus around the eyes and back area. A complete hematological examination and blood smear showed leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, increased granulocytes, and the presence of intracytoplasmic bodies in monocytes. The results of the examination using the test kit showed that the sample was positive for Ehrlichiosis. Treatment using Doxycycline (5 mg/kg BW, for 28 days), Ivermectin 1% (0,2 ml SC), Diphenhydramine HCl 10 mg/kg (1,1 ml IM), Chlorpheniramine maleate (1 tablet/day for 14 days), Vitamin B12 (1 tablet/day for 28 days), and 5 ml of red fermented rice solution twice a day for 21 days. After 21 days, the whole treatment reported the appetite returned to normal, reduced infestation of R. sanguineus, and reduced frequency of pruritus.

COMPLICATION OF SCABIES AND ANAPLASMOSIS IN MIXED BREED DOGS

Dogs are animals that are in great demand by many people. However, there are several diseases that often attack dogs, such as scabies and anaplasmosis. The purpose of this writing is to find out how the symptoms and treatment are in dog cases. The case animal is a female mixed breed dog, 3 months old and 1.24 kg body weight. Furthermore, anamnesa was carried out on the owner and physical examination by palpation, percussion, auscultation, and inspection of the animal cases. Supporting examinations are carried out by conducting blood tests by taking the blood of animal cases which are fixed first, then stained and examined under a microscope. In the blood hematology examination, blood was taken which was then examined at the Udayana University Veterinary Hospital. The skin scraping method is performed on the part of the skin where there is a lesion which is then given KOH and then examined under a microscope. From the results of the examination, it was found that the case animal had hypochromic microcytic anemia, had anaplasma, and had scabies on the skin scrapings. This case dog was diagnosed with scabies accompanied by anaplasmosis. The therapies given were ivermectine, doxycycline, dipenhydramine, chlorpheniramine maleate, vitamin B12 and fish oil. After 14 days of therapy, the case animals showed good progress where the level of pruritus decreased and hair began to grow on the skin area where there were lesions. Case animals should not have direct contact with healthy animals to avoid transmission and owners should wash their hands after touching case animals.

Effect of Morinda citrifolia fruit powder on physiological and productive performance of Cavia porcellus.

The breeding of guinea pig is part of the pluriactivity for millions of farming families in rural areas from the Peruvian Andean and Amazonian regions and other South American Andean countries. Rearing these specie plays an important source of employment, income, and nutrition for millions of rural families on these countries. The search of natural products for enhancing animal wellbeing, health, and production and thereby of guinea pigs is being searched nowadays. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the ripe fruit powder of Morinda citrifolia on the physiological and productive performance parameters of reared guinea pigs under humid tropical conditions and to find a new use of noni fruit and to improve the guinea pig as an agrifood product. For this purpose, forty-eight male Peru breed guinea pigs sixty days old, were used and distributed into four treatments with diets containing 0, 2, 4 and 8% of the noni ripe fruit powder, with four replicates and 3 guinea pigs each. Erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin profiles, hematological indices MCV (mean cell volume), MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) and blood metabolites profiles: TP (total protein), ALB (albumin), GLO (globulin), TC (total cholesterol) were determined. The productive performance indices: DWG (daily weight gain), DCFI (daily concentrated feed intake), TFIFM (total feed intake of fresh matter) and TFIDM (total feed intake of dry matter), FRCFM (feed rate conversion for fresh mater) and FRCDM (feed rate conversion for dry matter) were evaluated. The guinea pigs were evaluated at 60, 75 and 90 days old. The interaction between noni fruit powder and the age of guinea pigs produced an increase in the erythrocyte, hematocrit, MCH and MCHC levels at 75 days old, (p < 0.05). The final weight and the daily weight gain increased, while the feed rate conversion for fresh and dry matter decreased, as the level of noni fruit powder in the diet increased until 4% (p < 0.05). Thus, the level of noni ripe fruit powder in the guinea pigs' diets had a positive effect on the erythrocyte, leucocytes, hematocrit, MCH, MCHC levels, the final weight, the daily weight gain, and the feed rate conversion of fresh and dry matter.

Acute and 28-Day Repeated-Dose Oral Toxicity of the Herbal Formula Guixiong Yimu San in Mice and Sprague-Dawley Rats.

To evaluate the acute and chronic 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity of Guixiong Yimu San (GYS) in mice and rats, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the stachydrine hydrochloride in GYS as the quality control. In the acute toxicity trial, the mice were administered orally at a dose rate of 30.0 g GYS/kg body weight (BW) three times a day. The general behavior, side effects, and death rate were noticed for 14 days following treatment. In the subacute toxicity trial, the rats were administered orally at a dose rates of30.0, 15.0, and 7.5 g GYS/kg BW once a day for 28 days. The rats were monitored every day for clinical signs and deaths; changes in body weight and relative organ weights (ROW) were recorded every week, hematological, biochemical, and pathological parameters were also examined at the end of treatment. The results showed that the level of stachydrine hydrochloride in GYS was 2.272 mg/g. In the acute toxicity trial, the maximum-tolerated dose of GYS was more than 90.0 g/kg BW, and no adverse effects or mortalities were noticed during the 14 days in the mice. At the given dose, there were no death or toxicity signs all through the 28-day subacute toxicity trial.The oral administration of GYS at a dose rate of 30.0 g/kg/day BW had no substantial effects on BW, ROW, blood hematology, gross pathology, histopathology, and biochemistry (except glucose), so 30.0 g/kg BW/day was determined as the no-observed-adverse-effect dosage.

Influence of age on haematological and biochemical blood profiles of black Bengal goats (Capra hircus)

The study was conducted to know the effects of age on haemato-biochemical profiles in Black Bengal (BB) goats. Fifty BB goats were equally divided into five groups: group A (control, 3 years), group B (&gt;3 - 5 years), group C (2-&lt;3 years), group D (1-&lt;2 years) and group E (&lt;1 year). Most of these haemato-biochemical parameters were within the normal range of reference values, except Albumin and ALP. The significantly (P&lt;0.01) higher concentrations of RBC (17.9 ± 0.2 Million/cu mm), WBC (14.4 ± 0.3 Thousands/cu mm), Haemoglobin (9.0 ± 0.2 gm/dl) and PCV (29.9 ± 0.2%) were found in group B. The percentage of Neutrophil (35.2 ± 0.4%), Eosinophil (1.0 ± 0.0%) and Basophil (0.6 ± 0.0%) were higher in group E. Percentage of Lymphocyte (60.0 ± 0.4 %) and Monocyte (3.5 ± 0.2%) was higher in group B than other younger groups. The significantly (P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.01) higher concentration of total protein (74.7 ± 0.2g/L) and globulin (46.3 ± 0.5 g/L) respectively, were in Group B. Albumin (28.4 ± 0.2g/L) and ALT (22.3 ± 0.5 U/L) concentrations were significantly P&lt;0.02) higher in Group E than other groups of goat.&#x0D; Bangl. vet. 2022. Vol. 39, No. 1-2, 43–53

Early Human Pathophysiological Responses to Exertional Hypobaric Decompression Stress.

INTRODUCTION: Consistent blood biomarkers of hypobaric (altitude) decompression stress remain elusive. Recent laboratory investigation of decompression sickness risk at 25,000 ft (7620 m) enabled evaluation of early pathophysiological responses to exertional decompression stress.METHODS: In this study, 15 healthy men, aged 20-50 yr, undertook 2 consecutive (same-day) ascents to 25,000 ft (7620 m) for 60 and 90 min, breathing 100% oxygen, each following 1 h of prior denitrogenation. Venous blood was sampled at baseline (T0), immediately after the second ascent (T8), and next morning (T24). Analyses encompassed whole blood hematology, endothelial microparticles, and soluble markers of cytokine response, endothelial function, inflammation, coagulopathy, oxidative stress, and brain insult, plus cortisol and creatine kinase.RESULTS: Acute hematological effects on neutrophils (mean 72% increase), eosinophils (40% decrease), monocytes (37% increase), and platelets (7% increase) normalized by T24. Consistent elevation (mean five-fold) of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) at T8 was proinflammatory and associated with venous gas emboli (microbubble) load. Levels of C-reactive protein and complement peptide C5a were persistently elevated at T24, the former by 100% over baseline. Additionally, glial fibrillary acidic protein, a sensitive marker of traumatic brain injury, increased by a mean 10% at T24.CONCLUSIONS: This complex composite environmental stress, comprising the triad of hyperoxia, decompression, and moderate exertion at altitude, provoked pathophysiological changes consistent with an IL-6 cytokine-mediated inflammatory response. Multiple persistent biomarker disturbances at T24 imply incomplete recovery the day after exposure. The elevation of glial fibrillary acidic protein similarly implies incomplete resolution following recent neurological insult.Connolly DM, Madden LA, Edwards VC, D'Oyly TJ, Harridge SDR, Smith TG, Lee VM. Early human pathophysiological responses to exertional hypobaric decompression stress. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(10):738-749.

Clinico-epidemiological profile of non-survivors of COVID-19 during the last two waves in a tertiary care hospital of North India: A retrospective descriptive study

Background: SARS-CoV-causing COVID-19 resulted in mortality, and the clinic-epidemiological profile at the time of admission of patients who died later could provide an insight into pathophysiological consequences due to infection. Method: Retrospective observational study of 64 RTPCR-confirmed COVID-19 non-survivors was conducted from April - June 2021 and January February 2022. Data were analyzed, and a P value&lt;0.05 was taken as significant. Results: 60.94% and 39.06 % were males and females, and 26.57% &amp; 73.43 % of patients had moderate and severe disease, respectively. Fever, cough, and dyspnea were the most common presenting symptoms. 78.12% and 21.88% had pre-existing (diabetes and hypertension were most common) and no co-morbidities, respectively. 65.62 &amp; 17.19 % of patients had bilateral and unilateral ground glass opacities, respectively. Thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, elevated monocytes, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of 7.52 were hematological findings. D dimer was elevated. ABG showed low PaO2 and SPO2 %. ALT and AST were elevated. Tachycardia was also present. Compared to the first wave, no significant association of gender with severity was found. However, the percentage of male patients was higher. The association of the duration of stay and co-morbidity with disease severity was significant in both the first and subsequent waves of COVID-19. Conclusion: Co-morbidity, disease severity, and radiological lung opacities play a role in the outcome of COVID-19. The associated findings are hematological, renal, liver, cardiovascular, and arterial blood gas derangements.

Investigation of hematological blood values in COVID-19 patients according to discharge and exitus groups.

The investigation was conducted on hematological blood values examined in COVID-19 patients in order to assess whether these values could provide a prediction about the severity and course of the disease. In this way, the study aims to help determine the treatment plans of patients and monitor the recovery process with simple and common tests such as hematological blood values. This was a retrospective study. The study group consisted of patients with positive PCR test results registered in the Patient Automation System of the Emergency Department of Malatya Training and Research Hospital between 1 January and 30 April 2021. The patients were divided in discharge (n=187) and exitus (n=52) groups. The study showed that Neutrophil (AUC=0.889, p<0.05), Lymphocyte (AUC=0.805, p<0.05) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (AUC=0.739, p<0.05) values may be a good predictive factor for disease severity and mortality risk of COVID-19 patients. Neutrophil, Lymphocyte and MCHC blood test samples can be used as a biomarker in the effective fight against COVID-19.

Antibacterial and anti-corona virus (229E) activity of Nigella sativa oil combined with photodynamic therapy based on methylene blue in wound infection: in vitro and in vivo study

Microbial skin infections, antibiotic resistance, and poor wound healing are major problems, and new treatments are needed. Our study targeted solving this problem with Nigella sativa (NS) oil and photodynamic therapy based on methylene blue (MB-PDT). Antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined via agar well diffusion assay and broth microdilution, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved deformations in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry identified useful compounds that were suggested to be responsible for the potency of the oil. NS oil was tested as an antivirus against low pathogenic coronavirus (229E). Therapies examined, MB-PDT, NS, and MB-PDT + NS oil, to accelerate wound healing. The antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus was promising, with a MIC of 12.5% and TEM showing injured cells treated with NS oil. This oil inhibited 229E virus up to 42.85% and 32.14%. All tested therapies were successful in accelerating wound healing. The most successful was combined therapy (MB-PDT + NS oil), with a faster healing time. The combined therapy (MB-PDT + NS oil) reduced bacterial counts, which may be a key factor in accelerating wound healing. Skin wound histology was investigated; blood hematology and biochemical analysis did not change significantly after the safe combination treatment. A combination treatment could facilitate healing in a simple and inexpensive way in the future. Based on the results of the in vitro and in vivo studies, it was determined that NS oil had antibacterial and anti-corona virus activity when used in conjunction with photodynamic treatment based on methylene blue to treat wound infections.

Cambios en el estado hematológico en función de la fase reproductiva de ovejas infectadas naturalmente por parásitos internos en el noreste de Argelia

In Algeria, sheep farming is still largely traditional, and ewes are subject to various pathologies, particularly parasitic diseases leading to reproductive failure and production losses. To assess the influence of internal parasites (helminths and protozoa) and their interaction with the different phases of reproduction and season on hematological parameters, fecal and blood samples (n = 89) were taken from ewes during the period from the end of gestation to 3 months after parturition, two weeks apart. Animals were reared under a traditional pasture–based farming system in a Region of Northeastern Algeria characterized by a Mediterranean climate. Parasitic coproscopy results showed the consistent presence of digestive strongyles, Strongyloides, Trichuris ovis, Moniezia spp., Fasciola hepatica, and Coccidia. Hematological parameters, mainly hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), and erythrocytes (RBC), showed lower levels in anemic ewes throughout the study period. These hematological effects became significantly prevalent in 91% of the animals (P&lt;0.05) during the third month postpartum (p.p.). The use of a mixed–effects model confirmed the significant hematological effect (P&lt;0.05) of internal parasitism, which was amplified significantly by its interaction with the reproduction stage for HCT and RBC (P&lt;0.01). Monitoring of blood biological constants in ewes during the critical reproductive stages seems to provide valuable data to improve their welfare and resistance to potential internal parasites.

Evaluation of postnatal growth, hematology, telomere length and semen attributes of multiple clones and re-clone of superior buffalo breeding bulls

The present study comprehensively evaluates the postnatal growth, hematology, telomere length, and semen attributes of multiple clones and re-clone derived from superior buffalo breeding bulls. To the best of our knowledge, we successfully produced multiple clones and a re-clone of an earlier cloned buffalo bull from an embryo developed from an adult bull's skin-derived cell for the first time. The cloned bulls' growth, blood hematology, plasma biochemistry, and telomere length were all shown to be normal at various stages of development. The bulls were used for semen production after being screened for testicular growth and training. Semen characteristics such as volume, concentration, and initial motility of fresh sperm as well as motility and kinetics characteristics such as straightness (STR), average lateral head displacement (ALH), and beat cross frequency (BCF) of frozen-thawed sperms of the cloned bulls were found to be similar to those of non-cloned bulls, including the donor bulls. Additionally, it was found that cloned bulls' functional sperm attributes, including acrosome intactness, mitochondrial membrane potential, and superoxide anion status, were comparable to those of non-cloned bulls. These characteristics are necessary for sperm to pass through the female reproductive system, penetrate the oocyte, and efficiently fertilize. Finally, this study adds to our understanding of the postnatal development, hematology, telomere length, and sperm characteristics of superior buffalo breeding bulls that have been cloned and re-cloned. The findings provide the groundwork for improving cloning practices, refining reproductive procedures, and optimizing the use of cloned genetic material in animal breeding and conservation.

Effect of co-mingling non-littermates during lactation and feed familiarity at weaning on the performance, skin lesions and health of piglet

This study investigated how co-mingling of non-littermates before weaning and feed familiarity at weaning in a 2 × 2 factorial design can minimize the adverse effects related to conventional weaning. Before weaning, piglets were either conventionally reared or co-mingled by grouping piglets from 3 litters during 10 days before weaning. At weaning, piglets from 3 litters were distributed over 3 pens in the nursery. Conventionally reared piglets from 3 litters were mixed, whereas the co-mingled piglets were housed with those they were co-mingled with before weaning. At weaning, piglets were either or not provided with 0.538 kg creep feed per piglet in creep feeders, next to the weaner diet. Creep feed was the same provided the last 4 days before weaning. Hence, the treatment groups were conventional with (n = 9) or without creep feed (n = 9), and co-mingling with (n = 9) or without creep feed (n = 9). Co-mingling non-littermate piglets did not affect weaning weight, daily weight gain and creep feed intake during d-10-d0 before weaning. Co-mingling resulted in higher skin lesion scores of head and ears in piglets at d1 before weaning (P < 0.05), but in lower skin lesion scores at the snout, shoulders and flanks at d2 post-weaning compared to conventionally reared piglets (P < 0.05). Co-mingling did not affect salivary cortisol at d1 post-weaning . Hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were higher in the co-mingled piglets at d2 post-weaning (P < 0.05). Co-mingling resulted in higher glucose concentrations in blood (P < 0.05) and in a tendency for lower NEFA concentration in serum at d2 post-weaning (P < 0.10). Feed familiarity at weaning increased average daily feed intake and weight gain during the first 5 days post-weaning (P < 0.05). During d5–14 post-weaning average daily feed intake tended to be lower (P < 01.0) and daily gain was lower (P < 0.05) in creep feed fed piglets compared to no creep feed fed piglets. Nevertheless, feed familiarity did not affect overall piglet performance during the first 2 weeks after weaning. Feed familiarity did not affect blood hematology and biochemical blood parameters, except the level of basophils at d2 post-weaning. Neither housing nor feeding strategy affected piglet performance between d14–42 post-weaning and ear and tail damage at d42 post-weaning . In conclusion, pre-weaning co-mingling of piglets and feed familiarity at weaning each contributed to a better adaptation of the weaning process but did not affect long-term piglet performance.