Blood Glucose Levels In People Research Articles

Investigating the day-to-day impact of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: design and validation protocol of the Hypo-METRICS application

IntroductionHypoglycaemia is a frequent adverse event and major barrier for achieving optimal blood glucose levels in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes using insulin. The Hypo-RESOLVE (Hypoglycaemia—Redefining SOLutions...

The role of systemic diseases and local conditions as risk factors.

The role of systemic diseases and local conditions as risk factors.

Can Probiotics be used as an adjuvant thereby for diabetes - hope or hype? Narrative review of the literature

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by inadequate insulin secretion by the pancreas or the lack in ability of the existing insulin to function properly. So, diabetes forms a fertile media for many diseases and embodies a risk to human-being’s health. Unfortunately, the incidence of diabetes is increasing every year. Over decades, several strategies have been tried by specialists to control diabetes, some of which are medical and herbal. Although diabetes mellitus represents a growing global epidemic disease, at the moment there is no absolute solution at the molecular level that targets the disease. Despite the fact that bacterial functions, such as gut barrier stability and butyrate production, are crucial for preserving normal blood sugar and insulin levels, a growing body of evidence suggests that some naturally occurring gut bacteria are underrepresented in the intestinal tracts of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D){Sharma, 2019 #8}. In fact, we need to look at the possibility of using probiotics in the outpatient clinic. Probiotics have been demonstrated to be helpful for patients with diabetes mellitus, particularly at the cellular level, based on clinical trials and animal research, as well as their high tolerability. In preclinical investigations and human trials{Kocsis, 2020 #7}, probiotics have shown that they can lower insulin and fasting blood glucose levels in people with diabetes. Recently, probiotics have been used to treat a range of ailments, such as autoimmune conditions, allergic reactions, andinflammation. However, there was a lot of heterogeneity in these trials. Examples include the kind of species used, how many probiotics are used, and the level of effectiveness. In our review, we focused on reviewing the role of using probiotics as an adjuvant therapy for lowering blood levels of sugar and troubled metabolism of our body sugar. Keywords: probiotics; diabetes; type 2 DM; inflammation; adjuvant therapy.

A predictive model incorporating the change detection and Winsorization methods for alerting hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

This paper focuses on establishing an effective predictive model to quickly and accurately alert hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia for helping control blood glucose levels of people with diabetes. In general, a good predictive model is established on the features of data. Inspired by this, we first analyze the characteristics of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data by the equality of variances test and outlier detection, which show time-varying fluctuations and jump points in CGM data. Therefore, we incorporate the change detection method and the Winsorization method into the predictive model based on the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model and the recursive least squares (RLS) method to fit the above characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method is the first attempt to give a solution for matching the time-varying fluctuations and jump points of CGM data simultaneously. A case study using CGM data is given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method under 30-min-ahead prediction. The results show that the proposed method can improve the true alarm ratio of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia from 0.7983 to 0.8783, and lengthen the average advance detection time of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia from 19.77 to 22.64min.

Pengaruh Rebusan Daun Kersen Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bontobahari

Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest health problems in the world. Diabetes mellitus or what is commonly called diabetes (diabetes) is a disease that causes the patient’s body to be unable to control the level of sugar (glycose) in the blood. At this time, many people are doing treatment by using plants as traditional medicine. One of them is cherry leaves. Kersen leaves are believed to reduce blood glucose levels in type II diabetes mellitus sufferers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Kersen leaf decoction on blood glucose levels in patients with Type II diabetes in the Bontobahari Community Health Center in 2021. The research design used in this study was a quantitative research design with a true-experimental method (pure experiment) with a pre-post design. Test control group design. The sample used was 38 respondents, with a sampling technique that is probability sampling with simple random sampling. Analysis of the data in this study using the Unpaired T test statistical test. The results of the analysis using the unpaired T-test statistical test obtained p-value = 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05), which means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. There is an effect of Kersen Leaf Decoction on Blood Glucose levels in people with Type II Diabetes in the Bontobahari Community Health Center Work Area. 2021.

The effect of perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis) leaf extract on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels of diabetic mice

Abstract. Haryta FS, Listyawati S, Pangastuti A. 2021. The effect of perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis) leaf extract on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels of diabetic mice. Cell Biol Dev 5: 63-69. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has recently increased, thus encouraging drug exploration, especially from natural compounds. One of the potential medicinal plants to reduce blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus is perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis). This study was conducted to determine the effect of perennial S. arvensis leaf extract on mice's blood glucose levels and plasma insulin levels induced by streptozotocin. This study used six treatment groups, namely: normal, positive control (acarbose 0.13 mg/20ggBW), negative control (aquadest), and treatment group of perennial S. arvensis leaf extract at doses of 50 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW, and 150 mg/kgBW. The treatments were done by oral administration daily for 14 days. Measurements of blood glucose levels and postprandial plasma insulin levels were measured at 0, 60, and 120 minutes. The test animals were monitored for 14 days, and fasting blood glucose levels were measured on the 7th and 14th days. Data analysis using one-way ANOVA, and if there is a significant difference, it is continued with Duncan's Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that perennial S. arvensis leaf extract could reduce postprandial blood glucose elevation and blood glucose levels in diabetic mice, which were monitored for 14 days. The most effective dose is 150 mg/kgBW. Perennial S. arvensis leaf extract increased postprandial plasma insulin levels at 60 minutes; the most effective dose is 50 mg/kgBW.

EFFECT OF HONEY CONSUMPTION AFTER PHYSICAL EXERCISES ON ELECTROLYTES AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS

Honey has been used as food and medicine for thousands of years. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of honey in restoring the levels of electrolytes and blood glucose after performing physical exercises. The effect of honey consumption on electrolyte and blood glucose levels was examined on12 healthy male subjects, which were divided into 4 groups with three members in each group. Group I was treated as control and provided only 250 ml of mineral water after exercise, while group II was provided 250 ml commercial isotonic beverage, group III provided honey solution 1 (15 ml honey/250 ml water), and group IV provided honey solution 2 (45 ml honey/250 ml water). The physical exercise performed by the subjects is running on a treadmill at a speed of 5.6 km/h for 40 minutes. Measurements of electrolyte and blood glucose levels were performed 24 hrs before as initial baseline, and these were also measured after the physical exercise as well as after the treatment. Results of the study revealed that honey played a significant role in the restore electrolyte and blood glucose levels in people who have performed physical activities such as exercising and the effect of honey is similar to the commercial isotonic beverage. However, no significant difference (p-value > 0.05) was reported between the honey solution 1 and 2 and other treatment groups in elevating sodium and chloride level.

Analytical Method Validation and Quantitative Analysis for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Marketed Formulation of Teneligliptin Hydrobromide by UV Spectroscopy

A Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor teneligliptin hydrobromide is used for lowering blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus. A very straight forward, quick, responsive and accurate UV- Spectrophotometric method of analysis have been developed for assessment of Teneligliptin Hydrobromide in pharmaceutical formulation. Since teneligliptin hydrobromide only absorbs UV in the low wavelength area, it cannot be identify with high sensitivity. Teneligliptin Hydrobromide has shown successful results for various analytical instruments only in the permutation of Taurine and Sodium periodate. The API was derivatives using Taurine and Sodium periodate in water and methanol. Drug exhibited distinct λmax in methanol at 281nm. Linearity was observed in the concentration range 10-80 μg/ml. The method was validated by recovery studies. The methods used are inexpensive and sensitive for the inference of teneligliptin hydrobromide in bulk drug and tablet dosage forms.

Using Absorption Models for Insulin and Carbohydrates and Deep Leaning to Improve Glucose Level Predictions.

Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin or problems in the body to use it efficiently. It is one of the fastest growing health challenges affecting more than 400 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. Intensive research is being carried out on artificial intelligence methods to help people with diabetes to optimize the way in which they use insulin, carbohydrate intakes, or physical activity. By predicting upcoming levels of blood glucose concentrations, preventive actions can be taken. Previous research studies using machine learning methods for blood glucose level predictions have mainly focused on the machine learning model used. Little attention has been given to the pre-processing of insulin and carbohydrate signals in order to mimic the human absorption processes. In this manuscript, a recurrent neural network (RNN) based model for predicting upcoming blood glucose levels in people with type 1 diabetes is combined with several carbohydrate and insulin absorption curves in order to optimize the prediction results. The proposed method is applied to data from real patients suffering type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The achieved results are encouraging, obtaining accuracy levels around 0.510 mmol/L (9.2 mg/dl) in the best scenario.

Efek Pemberian Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes Tipe 2

Diabetes Mellitus is a non-communicable disease and is an important public health problem. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body is ineffective in using it (WHO, 2016). One of the non-pharmacological management of diabetes mellitus is the administration of red dragon fruit. Dragon fruit is rich in antioxidants and contains many substances such as calcium, beta-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, phosphorus and flavonoid substances so that it can be used as a therapy to reduce blood glucose levels by preventing apoptosis due to oxidative reactions. The purpose of this case study is to compile a resume of nursing care in giving red dragon fruit to reduce blood glucose levels. This type of research is descriptive with a case study method in the form of a one group pretest posttest design. The subject of this study was 1 patient with diabetes mellitus. The results of the study showed that there was a change in the patient's condition after being given red dragon fruit for 10 days. Conclusion Dragon fruit has the effect of lowering blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus because it contains fiber that is able to bind water in the intestines, and contains antioxidants and bioactive compounds and is able to inhibit free radical compounds.
 Keywords: diabetes mellitus, adults, red dragon fruit

Oral Health Messiers: Diabetes Mellitus Relevance.

This article aims to narrate the various oral complications in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus. Google search for “diabetes mellitus and oral complications” was done. The search was also carried out for “diabetes mellitus” and its oral complications individually. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that is a global epidemic and a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. Currently, there are about 422 million cases of diabetes mellitus worldwide. Diabetic patients can develop different complications in the body such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease. Complications in the oral cavity have been observed in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus. A study noted that more than 90% of diabetic patients suffered from oral complications. Another research has shown a greater prevalence of oral mucosal disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus than non-diabetic population: 45–88% in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to 38.3–45% in non-diabetic subjects and 44.7% in type 1 diabetic individuals compared to 25% in the non-diabetic population. Oral complications in people with diabetes are periodontal disease, dental caries, oral infections, salivary dysfunction, taste dysfunction, delayed wound healing, tongue abnormalities, halitosis, and lichen planus. The high glucose level in saliva, poor neutrophil function, neuropathy, and small vessel damage contribute to oral complications in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes. Good oral health is imperative for healthy living. Oral complications cause deterioration to the quality of life in diabetic patients. Complications like periodontal disease having a bidirectional relationship with diabetes mellitus even contribute to increased blood glucose levels in people with diabetes. This article intends to promote awareness regarding the oral health of diabetics and to stress the importance of maintaining proper oral hygiene, taking preventive measures, early detection, and appropriate management of oral complications of these patients through a multidisciplinary approach.

Pemberian Nasi Beras Merah (Oriza Nivara) dan Nasi Beras Hitam (Oriza Sativa L. Indica) terhadap Perubahan Kadar Glukosa pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus

This study aims to determine the effect of giving brown rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza Sativa L. Indica) to changes in blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus in Kendari City. This research method was carried out with a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test design test. The results of the study on checking blood glucose levels before and after giving brown rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) within one week obtained P-Value = 0.000 from P-Value <0.05, while in comparison between brown rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) on changes in blood glucose in people with diabetes mellitus in Kendari City obtained P-Value = 0.19 from P-Value < 0.05. In conclusion, there is an effect of giving red rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) on changes in blood glucose in people with diabetes mellitus in Kendari City.
 
 Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Glucose Level, Black Rice, Brown Rice

GIVING RED RICE (ORIZA NIVARA) TO CHANGE GLUCOSE LEVELS IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN KENDARI CITY

Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a phenomenon which the body cannot produce insulin supply which is indicated by increasing blood glucose levels. Red Rice (Oriza nivara) contains flavonoid compounds which have antidiabetic abilities. It can reduce blood glucose by increasing insulin secretion and preventing insulin resistance. This study aims to determine the effect of giving brown rice (Oriza nivara) to change blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus in Kendari City. Methods: This research method was carried out with a quasi-experimental design with pre-post test design for 1 week with primary and secondary data collection techniques. The respondents were determined by proportional random sampling. Respondents in this study were 33 people with DM. Result:The results of the study on checking blood glucose levels before and after giving brown rice (oriza nivara) within 1 week obtained P value = 0.000 < alpha 0.05. Conclusion: there is a significant effect of giving brown rice (oriza nivara) on changes in blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus people in Kendari City.

The Effect of Hypnotherapy on the Reduction of Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Type-2

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, which occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Most cases of diabetes mellitus are diabetes mellitus type-2. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hypnotherapy on reducing blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type-2. The research used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. Purposive sampling was used, and 30 respondents selected. The instrument in this study was a single stick tool. The intervention group was given standard therapy treatment in the form of bio-energy therapy and hypnotherapy, while the control group was only given standard therapy treatment in the form of bio-energy therapy. Univariate analysis of the results indicates that the average blood glucose level before treatment was 234.67 mg/dl and after treatment was 194.67 mg / dl. Bivariate analysis based on the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test obtained a p-value of 0.002 (p-value <0.05). This means that hypnotherapy reduced blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus type-2 sufferers. This study recommends the nursing profession apply hypnotherapy as an alternative or non-pharmacological complementary therapy that can be used to reduce blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus type 2.
 
 Keywords: Hypnotherapy, diabetes mellitus type 2, blood glucose levels

Effects of Earthing up and Pruning Systems on Growth and Yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon.)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) is an important crop cultivated and consumed worldwide. It provides wide variety of nutrients with many health-related benefits like, protection against cancer, maintains blood pressure and reduces blood glucose level in people with diabetes. Despite the importance of tomato, its growth and yield is limited by choice of cultural practices mainly earthing up and pruning system. There is also limited knowledge on the effect of integrating pruning and earthing up on tomato growth and yield. This study investigated the effect of integration of pruning and earthing up on the growth and yield of tomato. A split-plot experimental design, arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replications was used. The study investigated two factors i.e. pruning system in the main plot (single stem, double stem, and triple stem) and earthing up in sub-plots. (0 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm. The findings of the study revealed that earthing up and pruning system had a significant (p ˂ .05) effect on plant height and stem girth diameter at 45, 52, and 59 days after transplanting. The single stem pruning system and earthing up to 30 cm gave the tallest plant height with an average plant height of 69.80 cm in cultivation 1 and 71.50 cm in cultivation 2. Single stem pruning system and earthing up to 30 cm gave the largest stem girth diameter with mean stem girth diameter of 2.16 cm in cultivation 1 and 2.25 cm in cultivation 2. Triple stem pruning system, earthing up to 30 cm recorded the highest number of marketable fruits with 64500 fruits/hectare in cultivation 1 and 64333 fruits/hectare in cultivation 2. To improve tomato growth and development which consequently improves marketable yields, farmers are encouraged to consider triple stem pruning system with earthing up to level 30 cm.

Relationship between excess iodine, thyroid function, blood pressure, and blood glucose level in adults, pregnant women, and lactating women: A cross-sectional study

High water iodine concentration in drinking water can lead to excessive iodine, which will affect normal thyroid function, blood glucose, and blood pressure, especially among pregnant and lactating women. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between iodine, thyroid function, blood pressure, and blood glucose level among adults, and pregnant and lactating women in areas that are iodine-adequate (IA) and iodine-excess (IE) with respect to iodine concentrations in drinking water. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 144 pregnant and 237 lactating women in Shanxi Province, and 828 adults in Shandong Province. Water iodine, urinary iodine, thyroid function, blood pressure, and blood glucose were measured. Compared with the IA area, the water iodine concentration (WIC) in the IE area was higher (adults, 325.00 µg/L vs. 71.40 µg/L; pregnant and lactating women, 464.80 µg/L vs. 57.50 µg/L). For adults, and pregnant and lactating women, in the IE area, the urinary iodine concentration (UIC), free thyroxine (FT4 [except for lactating women]), and systolic blood pressure (only adults 18–40 years of age) were significantly higher, while the blood glucose level and the prevalence of hyperglycemia (except for adults) was lower, and the free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and hypertension-positive rates of the three populations were not significantly different. For adults, systolic and diastolic pressure were positively correlated with FT3 and FT4, respectively, while the blood glucose level were inversely associated with the WIC. For pregnant women, systolic pressure and the WIC, diastolic pressure and FT4, blood glucose level and FT3 were all positively correlated, while the blood glucose level was inversely associated with TSH, WIC and UIC. For lactating women, systolic pressure was positively correlated with WIC and UIC, while blood glucose level were inversely associated with WIC and UIC. Pregnant and lactating women in the IE area were at lower risk for an association with hyperglycemia. Collectively, our research showed that long-term exposure to high water iodine is a high-risk factor for abnormal blood pressure and a low-risk factor for abnormal blood glucose level, especially for special populations such as pregnant and lactating women. Moreover, enhanced monitoring of blood pressure and blood glucose level in people with abnormal thyroid function in areas with high water iodine is important.

CORRELATION AMONG SLEEP DURATION, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL OF MORANGAN PEOPLE, SINDUMARTANI, NGEMPLAK, SLEMAN

Sleep deprivation is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. There was a high prevalence of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes in Morangan, Yogyakarta Province. This study aims at studying the correlation between sleep duration, systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose levels of people in Morangan. This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in cooperation with a public health care program for people in Morangan. Data collection was done using a questionnaire and health screening procedure during the public health care program. Collected data were covering aspects of systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, sleep duration, and sleep habit. There was a high prevalence of high systolic blood pressure (>130mmHg; 66.04%) and high fasting blood glucose level (>100mg/dL; 39.62%) in Morangan people. There was a significantly positive correlation between sleep duration and systolic blood pressure (p:0.024; r:0.31) but no significant correlation between sleep duration and fasting blood glucose level. The major contributing habits towards sleep deprivation were caffeine consumption and medium pre-sleep routine. The result of this research will provide help in designing an education program for people of Morangan in preventing and treating high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes.

A Prospective Multicenter Clinical Performance Evaluation of the C-CGM System.

Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) have had a significant impact on the management of diabetes mellitus. We present the results of a multinational evaluation of the Cascade CGM ("C-CGM") over 14 days of in-clinic and home use. Each of the 57 enrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects wore 2 C-CGMs on the abdomen for 14 days. One part of the evaluation was the performance versus reference glucose values generated for 12 -hour in-clinic sessions on days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14. Glucose blood samples were drawn every 15 minutes and analyzed with the Yellow Spring Instruments (YSI) 2300 glucose analyzer. The performance assessment on in-clinic days was based on paired YSI/CGM data points and on home-use days was based on paired fingerstick BGM (blood glucose monitoring)/CGM data points. A total of 17 823 CGM/YSI data points during in-clinic use was analyzed. The mean absolute relative difference for glucose values between 100 and 400 mg/dL (MARD) and mean absolute difference for values between 40 and 100 mg/dL (MAD) were 11.5% and 15.1 mg/dL, respectively. The system accuracy during home use was 12.7% and 15 mg/dL for MARD and MAD, respectively. There were no serious adverse events or infectious complications reported. A modified algorithm "Hybrid Algorithm" was used in a prospective analysis of the in-clinic data, resulting in a MARD of 9.9% and MAD of 14.5 mg/dL. The performance of the C-CGM device over 14 days meets the safety and efficacy standards of CGM systems for managing blood glucose levels in people with diabetes. This was further confirmed when the C-CGM system was given approval for CE Mark in October 2019.

Yoga programme for type-2 diabetes prevention (YOGA-DP) among high risk people in India: a multicentre feasibility randomised controlled trial protocol

IntroductionA huge population in India is at high risk of type-2 diabetes (T2DM). Physical activity and a healthy diet (healthy lifestyle) improve blood glucose levels in people at high risk...

Analisis Intervensi Senam Diabetes dalam Upaya Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah

This study aims to determine the effect of diabetes exercise on reducing blood glucose levels in people with diabetes. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design with a simple case study approach. A case study conducted in 5 days for 30 minutes showed that Diabetes Gymnastics was effective in reducing blood sugar levels in people with Diabetes Mellitus by 7.1%. In conclusion, diabetes exercises conducted for five consecutive days, effectively lower blood glucose levels in people with diabetes.
 
 Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Sugar, Gymnastics