Blood Clot Formation Research Articles

Gelatin/calcium chloride electrospun nanofibers for rapid hemostasis.

Blood coagulation is the body's main defense to bleeding caused by trauma and is divided into endogenous and exogenous pathways. Calcium ions play a very important role in the process of blood coagulation, as the ions activate the many enzymes that are required for coagulation. In this paper, gelatin hemostatic membranes containing calcium ions were prepared by electrospinning. The fibers were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The biocompatibility and coagulation processes using the calcium ion-containing gelatin fibrous membranes were evaluated in vitro with dynamic whole-blood coagulation tests, hemolysis tests, coagulation time tests, and platelet adhesion tests. It was demonstrated that the calcium ion-containing gelatin membranes had lower hemolysis rates and shorter clotting times than commercially available hemostatic sponges and hemostatic gauzes. In vivo hemostasis experiments were also conducted on the tail vein and liver of mice. Animal experiments demonstrated that the incorporation of calcium ions into the electrospun gelatin membranes promoted platelet aggregation, ensured adhesion of the electrospun membrane to the wound and reduced the bleeding volume and hemostasis time. The composite calcium ion-gelatin electrospun membranes exhibited good in vivo and in vitro hemostatic abilities and accelerated blood clotting by stimulating the coagulation pathway to promote platelet aggregation at the wounds and the formation of mature blood clots for a new approach for acute trauma treatment.

Guiding fibrinogen replacement by rotational thromboelastometry in liver transplantation: bridging the evidence gaps

Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and thromboelastography (TEG) are viscoelastic assays of blood coagulation that can be performed as point-of-care (POC) tests at the bedside or during surgical procedures [1]. Both methods monitor clot formation, firmness, and stability in whole blood under low shear stress; however, they utilize different technologies to detect clot properties. ROTEM and TEG are commonly used in transfusion algorithms to guide the administration of hemostatic products in trauma, postpartum hemorrhage, liver transplantation, and cardiac surgery [1,2].

A robust mixed-charge zwitterionic polyurethane coating integrated with antibacterial and anticoagulant functions for interventional blood-contacting devices.

Antifouling coatings based on zwitterionic polymers have been widely applied for surface modification of interventional blood-contacting devices to combat thrombosis and infection. However, the weak adhesion stability of the zwitterionic coating to the device surface is still the key challenge. In this work, biocompatible mixed-charge zwitterionic polyurethane (MPU) polymers, that bear equal amounts of cationic quaternary amine groups and anionic carboxyl groups, were developed and further uniformly dip-coated onto a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate with a commercial aliphatic isocyanate cross-linker (AIC). During the curing process, AIC not only crosslinks MPU chains into a polymer network but also reacts with hydroxyl groups of TPU to interlink the polymer network to the substrate, resulting in a cross-linking reinforced MPU coating (CMPU) with excellent mechanical robustness and adhesion strength. Taking advantage of the mixed-charge feature, the final zwitterionic CMPU coating exhibits both excellent antifouling and antibacterial activities against protein adsorption and bacterial growth, respectively, which is beneficial for effectively inhibiting the occurrence of in vivo infection. Moreover, anticoagulation studies show that CMPU-coated TPU catheters can also prevent the formation of blood clots in ex vivo rabbit blood circuits without anticoagulants. Hence, the designed CMPU coating has immense potential to address thrombosis and infection for interventional blood-contacting devices.

Fibrin formation and fractal organization at cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic polymer coated interfaces.

Biomaterial-associated thrombosis remains a persistent challenge whenever medical devices are inserted in blood vessels. The issue is principally addressed by the development of antithrombogenic coatings that prevent the formation of blood clots, e.g. by limiting adsorption of fibrin - the core protein network of a clot. Charged polymers (i.e. polyelectrolytes and zwitterionic polymers) show potential as coating materials for medical devices, and we here investigate these polymer coatings in the context of biomaterial-associated thrombosis. Our findings indicate that fibrin polymerization can yield a surface-dependent distribution of fractal-like branched structures and amorphous aggregates, with surface-induced fibrin formation dominating for anionic polymer interfaces and recruitment of bulk-formed fibrin dominating for cationic polymer interfaces. In addition, we identify coatings containing zwitterionic sulfobetaine groups as promising candidates for antithrombogenic biomaterials.

Etiology, Pathology and Treatment of Acute Limb Ischemia

When a blood vessel that provides blood to a limb becomes blocked it can result in oxygen and nutrients reaching the limb. This medical situation, referred to as limb ischemia (ALI), is a pressing issue that demands immediate medical intervention. This interruption can lead to tissue damage and the potential risk of limb loss. This abstract provides an overview of the management of ALI, which includes both endovascular treatments. It emphasizes the importance of considering patient factors and ensuring intervention. The management of ALI primarily relies on therapy, which involves using anticoagulation to prevent blood clot formation providing pain relief and, reducing metabolic demands through analgesics, ensuring perfusion through fluid resuscitation improving microcirculation with vasodilators and addressing infection risks with antibiotics. Several techniques, including endovascular techniques, offer options such as thrombolysis to dissolve clots that are blocking arterial flow. Successfully managing ALI requires assessment of the causes, severity of ischemia, availability of vascular expertise, and taking into account patient preferences and any existing health conditions. It is crucial to diagnose ALI and initiate treatment without delay in order to save viable limbs. The expertise and teamwork of healthcare professionals play a role in customizing interventions according to needs. In conclusion, effective management of ALI demands an approach that balances therapies with endovascular interventions while prioritizing patient-centered care and swift action. The preservation of limb function and overall well-being greatly depend on these considerations.

Гіпереозинофілія як фактор ризику тромбоемболії легеневої артерії при онкологічних захворюваннях у практиці лікаря-інтерніста

Abstract. Pulmonary embolism is an urgent problem today. Diseases of the cardiovascular system, hereditary factors of impaired hemostasis, childbirth and pregnancy, surgical interventions, injuries, immobilization, dehydration, etc., can be risk factors for increased blood clot formation. In addition, one of the factors that significantly increases the risk of thrombosis is malignant neoplasms. It should be noted that there are factors that are rarely mentioned in the scientific literature as a risk factor for thrombosis, for example, blood hypereosinophilia. An increase in the level of eosinophils in peripheral blood can occur against the background of allergic and autoimmune diseases, parasitic and fungal infections, some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow diseases. The article reveals the pathogenetic basis of the influence of hypereosinophilia on the risk of thrombosis. Hypereosinophilia syndrome is closely associated with thrombosis, which may recur despite adequate anticoagulation or warfarin therapy. Eosinophils accumulate and express tissue factor and after its activation can initiate coagulation. The article describes the clinical case of a patient with lung cancer, which was accompanied by a leukemic reaction in the form of hypereosinophilia, and was complicated by deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities and pulmonary embolism. The example of a clinical case shows the complex mechanism of hemostasis disorders against the background of the presence of a malignant neoplasm, especially when combined with paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia, which is an additional risk factor for the development of treatment-resistant venous thrombosis of various locations and thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery and requires preventive anticoagulation therapy, as well as more intensive and long-term anticoagulant therapy when deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism has already developed.

Antithrombin Therapy: Current State and Future Outlook.

Antithrombin (AT) is a natural anticoagulant pivotal in inactivating serine protease enzymes in the coagulation cascade, making it a potent inhibitor of blood clot formation. AT also possesses anti-inflammatory properties by influencing anticoagulation and directly interacting with endothelial cells. Hereditary AT deficiency is one of the most severe inherited thrombophilias, with up to 85% lifetime risk of venous thromboembolism. Acquired AT deficiency arises during heparin therapy or states of hypercoagulability like sepsis and premature infancy. Optimization of AT levels in individuals with AT deficiency is an important treatment consideration, particularly during high-risk situations such as surgery, trauma, pregnancy, and postpartum. Here, we integrate the existing evidence surrounding the approved uses of AT therapy, as well as potential additional patient populations where AT therapy has been considered by the medical community, including any available consensus statements and guidelines. We also describe current knowledge regarding cost-effectiveness of AT concentrate in different contexts. Future work should seek to identify specific patient populations for whom targeted AT therapy is likely to provide the strongest clinical benefit.

Diagnostics of hemostasiological indicators of blood in patients with cervical cancer: standards, innovative models of the future (Ukraine)

This article focused on “Diagnostics of hemostasiological indicators of blood in patients with cervical cancer: standards, innovative models of the future (Ukraine)”. Aims: The aims of this study are to investigate the current standards, the innovative models, prognostic and predictive value of hemostasiological indicators of blood in patients with cervical cancer and identifications of potential gaps and opportunities in the current standards and innovative models for hemostasiological assessment. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was evaluated. Secondary data were collected. Descriptive statistics were obtained and utilised. Results: The result showed that in 2020, Ukraine had 20.3 new cervical cancer cases per 100,000 women, regardless of age. Age-standardised cervical cancer incidence was 14.3 per 100,000 women. In 2020, Ukraine's lifetime cervical cancer risk was 1.4%. It illustrates cervical cancer risk. Prothrombin Time is 11–14 seconds, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time is 25–35 seconds, fibrinogen is 200–400 mg/dL, and platelet counts are 150,000–450,000/L. Thromboelastography is a viscoelastic test that dynamically assesses blood clot formation, strength, and lysis. This test helps doctors assess cervical cancer patients' haemostatic profile and thrombotic risk and establish thromboprophylaxis regimens. In advanced cervical cancer patients, prothrombin time, APTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and platelet count predict thrombotic events and poor prognosis. These signs extend VTE risk. Potential gaps or opportunities include a lack of established practices, few complicated hemostasiological tests, little research, lack of knowledge and teaching, and difficulties with monitoring and follow-up, especially in resource-poor areas. Standardising techniques, expanding access to cutting-edge hemostasiological tests, and remote monitoring, and running education and awareness campaigns are future potentials for research and development. Scientific Novelty: cutting-edge hemostasiological tests in cervical cancer. Conclusion: In conclusion, resolving global cervical cancer mortality disparities needs healthcare, cancer prevention, screening, awareness, socioeconomic variables, and creative hemostasiological evaluation models. Better care, thromboprophylaxis, and collaboration can improve cervical cancer outcomes worldwide.

Computational analyses reveal fundamental properties of the AT structure related to thrombosis.

Blood coagulation is a vital process for humans and other species. Following an injury to a blood vessel, a cascade of molecular signals is transmitted, inhibiting and activating more than a dozen coagulation factors and resulting in the formation of a fibrin clot that ceases the bleeding. In this process, antithrombin (AT), encoded by the SERPINC1 gene is a key player regulating the clotting activity and ensuring that it stops at the right time. In this sense, mutations to this factor often result in thrombosis-the excessive coagulation that leads to the potentially fatal formation of blood clots that obstruct veins. Although this process is well known, it is still unclear why even single residue substitutions to AT lead to drastically different phenotypes. In this study, to understand the effect of mutations throughout the AT structure, we created a detailed network map of this protein, where each node is an amino acid, and two amino acids are connected if they are in close proximity in the three-dimensional structure. With this simple and intuitive representation and a machine-learning framework trained using genetic information from more than 130 patients, we found that different types of thrombosis have emerging patterns that are readily identifiable. Together, these results demonstrate how clinical features, genetic data and in silico analysis are converging to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of coagulation disorders. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.

Anticoagulant and Fibrinolytic Properties of Two Heparinoid Compounds Prepared from Shrimp Waste

Heparinoid, a type of compound that has structures similar to heparin, has been found in marine organisms such as shrimp head. This shrimp waste products were used to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the antithrombotic effect of heparinoid. Two heparinoid compounds were obtained from shrimp head, and the main fraction F1 was →4)-GlcA-(1→3)-GalNAc-(1→ with Ara, while the minor fraction F2 composed mainly of the backbone as →4)-β-D-GlcA (or IdoA)-(1→4)-β-D-GlcN (or GlcNAc)-(1→. Both F1 and F2 could extend activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time concentration-dependently, and F2 has stronger activity than F1 at the same concentration. The potential anticoagulant mechanism of F1 and F2 may relate to their combination with more antithrombin III, which binds to and potentiates the action of antithrombin as well as inhibiting coagulation factors Xa and IIa, preventing blood clot formation. Furthermore, heparinoid F1 and F2 were found to have high fibrinolytic capability in vitro and in vivo via activating the self-fibrinolytic system. In conclusion, heparinoids (F1 and F2) derived from shrimp head wastes could be used as candidate compounds to prevent thrombosis while posing a lower hemorrhagic risk.

The coming of age of neutrophil extracellular traps in thrombosis: Where are we now and where are we headed?

Thrombosis remains a major problem in our society, manifesting across multiple demographic groups and with high associated morbidity and mortality. Thrombus development is the result of a complex mechanism in which multiple cell types and soluble factors play a crucial role. One cell that has gained the most attention in recent years is the neutrophil. This key member of the innate immune system can form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to activating stimuli in circulation. NETs form a scaffold for thrombus formation, both initiating the process and stabilizing the final product. As the first responders of the host immune system, neutrophils have the flexibility to recognize a variety of molecules and can quickly interact with a range of different cell types. This trait makes them sensitive to exogenous stimuli. NET formation in response to pathogens is well established, leading to immune-mediated thrombus formation or immunothrombosis. NETs can also be formed during sterile inflammation through the activation of neutrophils by fellow immune cells including platelets, or activated endothelium. In chronic inflammatory settings, NETs can ultimately promote the development of tissue fibrosis, with organ failure as an end-stage outcome. In this review, we discuss the different pathways through which neutrophils can be activated toward NET formation and how these processes can result in a shared outcome: thrombus formation. Finally, we evaluate these different interactions and mechanisms for their potential as therapeutic targets, with neutrophil-targeted therapies providing a future approach to treating thrombosis. In contrast to current practices, such treatment could result in reduced pathogenic blood clot formation without increasing the risk of bleeding.

Platelets from 13-lined ground squirrels are resistant to cold storage lesions.

During torpor in a 13-lined ground squirrel heart rate and blood flow decrease, increasing the risk of blood clot formation. In response, cells involved in clotting called platelets are sequestered in the liver, stored in the cold for months, and released back into circulation upon arousal. This is in contrast to non-hibernating mammals, including humans, in which chilled platelets undergo cold storage lesions and phagocytosis, leading to rapid clearance from circulation post-transfusion. Because of this, human platelets must be stored at room temperature, limiting their shelf life to 7days due to the increased risk of microbial contamination at warmer temperatures. Human and ground squirrel platelets were stored at room temperature or 4°C before being analyzed for cold storage lesions. Human platelets stored at 4°C displayed progressive increases in phosphatidylserine surface exposure and caspase activation, while ground squirrel platelets showed minimal change. Following cold storage, sialic acid residues on human platelets were cleaved, leading to increased phagocytosis of human platelets by HepG2 cells. Ground squirrel platelets stored in the cold showed no changes in desialylation and phagocytosis, with Taxol-treated ground squirrel platelets showing the lowest phagocytosis rates between both species and all treatments. These results suggest that ground squirrel platelets may be resistant to cold storage lesions seen in human platelets. Although these experiments were done in vitro, they suggest a mechanism by which ground squirrel platelets are adapted to be stored during hibernation and remain functional following arousal. Other hibernating species may employ similar adaptations to retain functional platelets following torpor.

Antimicrobial and bone repair effects of boric acid in a rat model of dry socket (alveolar osteitis) following dental extraction

BackgroundAlveolitis occurs after dental extraction without blood clot formation, leading to an inflammatory process and bacterial contamination. Boric acid (BA) demonstrates anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and osteogenic properties. This study aims to evaluate the possible antimicrobial effects and bone repair of BA in a rat model of alveolitis (dry socket). Methods33 male Wistar rats were submitted to the extraction of the upper right incisor and dry socket induction. They were first divided into two groups: dry socket (n = 17) and dry socket + 0.75 % BA (n = 16). Samples for the microbiological analysis were collected immediately after dental extraction, at the detection of clinical alveolitis, 7, and 14 days after BA application. For microCT and histological analysis, samples from euthanized rats were used in 14 and 28 days after alveolitis detection. ResultsHigher bacterial counts were found in 4–5 days after alveolitis induction, compared to the baseline in both experimental groups, decreasing significantly after 7 and 14 days of treatment with BA (P < 0.05). The microCT evaluation displayed increased bone volume, bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and bone mineral density in a time-dependent manner, regardless of BA treatment. On the other hand, the number of trabeculae and total bone porosity decreased over the 28 days of the experiment in the dry-socket group and both groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Histological analysis did not differ on bone repair in both experimental groups. ConclusionThis was the first report investigating the effects of BA in a rat model of alveolitis regarding microbiological and bone repair aspects. The BA local application decreased the total aerobic and facultative bacteria counts and does not seem to benefit the bone repair after alveolitis development. This study paves the way for more studies involving alveolitis and different BA applications.

Purification and characterization of platelet aggregation inhibitor from the venom of Bitis arietans

Disintegrins are the antagonists of integrin receptors that can be found mostly in snakes’ venom. They can inhibit platelet aggregation, thus preventing the formation of blood clots. By blocking the integrin receptors of cancer cells, disintegrins can inhibit proliferation and metastasis. Thus, the search for new sources of disintegrins and development of methods of their purification is an important task of modern biotechnolo­gy. This work was dedicated to the purification and characterization of inhibiting polypeptides from Bitis arietans­ venom. Crude venom of B. arietans was fractionated using ion-exchange chromatography on Q Sepharose followed by size-exclusion chromatography on Superdex 75 using FPLC method. Analysis of molecular weight of protein components was performed using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF analysis on Voyager-DE. Aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the presence of platelet aggregation inhibitor was investigated using aggregometry on the AR2110. MTT test was used for measuring HeLa cells proliferation and survival in vitro. Two-step chromatography allowed us to obtain fraction that contained polypeptides possessing the dose-dependent inhibitory action on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in PRP. SDS-PAGE showed that obtained fraction contained two polypeptides with molecular weight 9.0 and 13.67 kDa according­ to MALDI-TOF analysis. Purified polypeptides inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 0.09 mg/ml. However, 0.005 mg/ml of fraction suppressed viability of HeLa cells according to MTT test on 20%. Discovered biological effects of fractions allowed us to conclude the possible use of these polypeptides as anti-aggregatory or anti-proliferative agents. Keywords: antithrombotic action, disintegrins, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, platelets, snake venom

Cerebrovascular accident in a child with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and coronavirus disease 2019: a case report

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 can lead to rare but severe and life-threatening diseases in susceptible high-risk populations, including patients with immunodeficiency. A rare event in this report is stroke following COVID-19 disease in a patient with an immunocompromised background due to leukemia and anti-cancer treatments.Case presentationA 6-year-old iranian girl with precursor B-cell leukemia receiving vincristine therapy presented with fever and absolute neutrophil count < 500. Her severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction test was positive. During hospitalization, she had abrupt onset tachypnea, reduced O2 saturation, and generalized tonic–clonic seizures treated with phenytoin and levetiracetam. Right parietal lobe ischemia was found on a brain computed tomography scan, and the cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction test was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Several days later, she developed lower extremity paralysis and speech impairment, so speech therapy and physiotherapy were initiated. The patient also received dexamethasone, mannitol, heparin, and remdesivir. She was discharged with enoxaparin and levetiracetam. Chemotherapy resumed 2 weeks following discharge. Her speech and walking improved after 10 months of follow-up, and bone marrow aspiration showed total remission.ConclusionOwing to the link between coronavirus disease 2019 and hematologic cancers with hypercoagulopathy and the tendency of patients with leukemia to have coronavirus disease 2019 complications, children with leukemia as well as suspected coronavirus disease 2019 must be hospitalized to prevent blood clot formation.

Venous Thromboembolism After Interventions on the Ovarian Veins in Patients With Pelvic Venous Disorder

Ovarian vein resection (OVR) and ovarian vein embolization (OVE) are effective options for treating patients with pelvic venous disorder (PeVD). However, due to in an abrupt cessation of blood flow in the ovarian veins (OVs), these interventions can be complicated by pelvic vein thrombosis (PVT). The aim of this study was to assess venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates after OVR and OVE in patients with PeVD. This retrospective cohort study included 272 patients with PeVD who underwent OVR (n=122) or OVE with coils (n=150). The rates and clinical manifestations of VTE were assessed in each group on days 1 and 3 after the intervention using duplex ultrasonography. Vein patency, blood flow velocity, and localization of thrombi in the pelvic (parametrial, uterine, and ovarian), iliac, superficial, and deep veins of the lower extremities were examined. PVT was defined as the formation of blood clots in nontarget (i.e. not intended to intervention) veins of the pelvis (parametrial, uterine veins, or tributaries of the internal iliac veins). VTE after OVR and OVE was identified in 52 (19%) out of 272 patients. In the OVR group, PVT and calf deep vein thrombosis were detected in 9% and 1% of patients, accordingly, while in the OVE group their rates were almost three times higher (24% and 3%; both P=0.001). In both groups, the most common VTE was PVT. The odds ratio for developing VTE with coils was 10 times higher (95% confidence interval: 2.35-56.43) after OVE than after OVR. Clinical manifestations of PVT were observed in 2.5% of patients, and the rest patients were asymptomatic. No cases of pulmonary embolism occurred. VTE after interventions of the ovarian vein in patients with PeVD occurs in every fifth patient. OVE is associated with a higher incidence of PVT.

Proteomic profiling of end-stage COVID-19 lung biopsies

The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 led to a worldwide pandemic, which remains an integral part of our lives to this day. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a flu like condition, often accompanied by high fever and respiratory distress. In some cases, conjointly with other co-morbidities, COVID-19 can become severe, leading to lung arrest and even death. Although well-known from a clinical standpoint, the mechanistic understanding of lethal COVID-19 is still rudimentary. Studying the pathology and changes on a molecular level associated with the resulting COVID-19 disease is impeded by the highly infectious nature of the virus and the concomitant sampling challenges. We were able to procure COVID-19 post-mortem lung tissue specimens by our collaboration with the BSL-3 laboratory of the Biobanking and BioMolecular resources Research Infrastructure Austria which we subjected to state-of-the-art quantitative proteomic analysis to better understand the pulmonary manifestations of lethal COVID-19. Lung tissue samples from age-matched non-COVID-19 patients who died within the same period were used as controls. Samples were subjected to parallel accumulation–serial fragmentation combined with data-independent acquisition (diaPASEF) on a timsTOF Pro and obtained raw data was processed using DIA-NN software. Here we report that terminal COVID-19 patients display an increase in inflammation, acute immune response and blood clot formation (with concomitant triggering of fibrinolysis). Furthermore, we describe that COVID-19 diseased lungs undergo severe extracellular matrix restructuring, which was corroborated on the histopathological level. However, although undergoing an injury, diseased lungs seem to have impaired proliferative and tissue repair signalling, with several key kinase-mediated signalling pathways being less active. This might provide a mechanistic link to post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC; “Long COVID”). Overall, we emphasize the importance of histopathological patient stratification when interpreting molecular COVID-19 data.

Assessment of Blood Clot Formation in the Rabbit Artery upon Implantation of Polyurethane Vascular Prosthesis Treated with Nitrogen Plasma

Assessment of Blood Clot Formation in the Rabbit Artery upon Implantation of Polyurethane Vascular Prosthesis Treated with Nitrogen Plasma

In vivo assessment of pharmacological potentials of different fractions of Fagonia olivieri DC

Introduction: Hemostasis mechanism involves blood coagulation as one of the step which is responsible for blood clot formation that restricts blood flow at site of injury. By inhibiting coagulation cascade and reducing thrombus formation, several cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and atherosclerosis can be prevented. Traditionally, Fagonia olivieri (zygophyllaceae) is reported in the treatment of diabetes, coughs, blood purifier, cooling agent, blood vascular diseases, digestive system disorders and cancer in initial stages. Objectives: Different fractions of F. olivieri methanolic extract were evaluated in this study for their anticoagulatory, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant potentials. Methodology: Anticoagulatory, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant potentials of ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous extracts of F. olivieri were assessed using capillary tube experiment, carrageenan induced paw edema test and forced swim test respectively. Results: The results of this investigation have revealed that ethyl acetate and butanol fractions possess significant anticoagulatory potentials as compared to control (P=0.0002). Butanol extract showed highest anti-inflammatory activity. Maximum anti-depressant activity was shown by ethyl acetate followed by n-butanol and aqueous extracts. Conclusion: Hence, it can be concluded that F. olivieri exhibits anticoagulatory, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant potentials which justifies its use for the treatment of various disorders particularly blood vascular diseases.

FDA approves 2 therapeutic firsts

In a span of less than a week, the US Food and Drug Administration approved two new therapies, each of which is a first-in-class treatment for its respective disease. The first to receive the nod was Provention Bio’s teplizumab, an antibody that can delay the onset of type 1 diabetes in patients 8 years and older. Days later came approval for CSL Behring’s Hemgenix, the first gene therapy for hemophilia B. The one-time treatment restores peoples’ ability to produce proteins that help with blood clot formation.