Blood Cells Of Rats Research Articles

THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE ORGANS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM AND LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF FEMALE WISTAR RATS IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE ESTROUS CYCLE

Differences in the morphofunctional state of the immune system of female Wistar rats in different phases of the estrous cycle are revealed. In the phase of diestrus the indices of cortex volume fraction of thymus and volume fraction of white pulp and marginal zone of lymphoid follicles of spleen are higher; the indices of subcapsular layer width of thymus and index of stimulation of granulocytes in the peripheral blood are lower as compared with the phase of proestrus. Differences in the absolute count and the percentage of T and B lymphocytes, T helpers, cytotoxic, activated and regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of female rats in the phases of proestrus and diestrus aren’t revealed.

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B administration during pregnancy imprints the increased CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio in the peripheral blood from neonatal to adult offspring rats.

Our previous study demonstrated that Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) administration during pregnancy could alter the percentage of T cells subpopulation in the thymus of the neonatal rats; however, little is known about the effect of maternal SEB administration during pregnancy on T cells subpopulation in the peripheral blood of the offspring rats. In the present study, pregnant rats at gestational day 16 were intravenously injected with 15 µg SEB. The present study found that prenatal exposure to SEB significantly decreased the percentages of CD8 T cells in the peripheral blood of both neonatal rats on the fifth day after delivery and the adult offspring rats. Furthermore, it significantly increased the percentage of CD4 T cells as well as the ratios of CD4 to CD8 T cells in both neonatal and adult offspring rats. Prenatal exposure to SEB significantly decreased the expression levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the plasma of neonatal and adult offspring rats. Furthermore, SEB restimulation significantly increased the percentage of CD8 T cells and significantly decreased the percentage of CD4 T cells. These data suggest the prenatal exposure to SEB can imprint the increased CD4:CD8 T cell ratio in the peripheral blood from the neonate to adulthood through the decreased CD8 T cells and the increased CD4 T cells, and altered the response characteristics of CD4 and CD8 T cells to secondary SEB administration in the peripheral blood of the adult offspring rats.

Safety and Biosimilarity of ior®EPOCIM Compared with Eprex® Based on Toxicologic, Pharmacodynamic, and Pharmacokinetic Studies in the Sprague–Dawley Rat

This study examined the safety, pharmacodynamic (PD), and pharmacokinetic (PK) biosimilarity of the human recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) products ior(®) EPOCIM and Eprex(®) following a 28-day repeated intravenous dose administration in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats with a 14-day recovery period. Safety profiling was based on clinical observations, clinical pathology, and pathology findings for control rats dosed with vehicle and rats dosed either with 30, 300, and 600 I.U./kg of ior(®) EPOCIM or 600 I.U. of Eprex(®) . Adverse findings for both ior(®) EPOCIM and Eprex(®) were similar and were a consequence of thrombotic events (ulcerative skin lesions, swollen hock joints/lameness, stomach ulcers) and decreased body weight gains, all known adverse reactions to this class of drug in rats. With the exception of stomach ulcers, all other adverse findings were fully reversible. Neither drug stimulated the production of antidrug antibodies. As expected, ior(®) EPOCIM and Eprex(®) both increased reticulocyte, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels in rats. The PK of EPO following dosing with ior(®) EPOCIM was well behaved and consistent with the literature. The results of this study imply that ior(®) EPOCIM and Eprex(®) had safety profiles, PD responses, and toxicokinetic profiles that were biosimilar.

Ethanolic extract of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia leaves: Modulates chemically induced genotoxicity by cadmium exposure in liver and blood cells of rats

Ethanolic extract of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia leaves: Modulates chemically induced genotoxicity by cadmium exposure in liver and blood cells of rats

Tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomer analysis after hydrolysis of DNA-adducts isolated from rat and human white blood cells

Since exposure to benzo[a]pyrene is suspected to be associated with several health issues, significant efforts have been made to develop efficient strategies for the assessment of human exposure to this ubiquitous compound. In this context, a method was developed for the analysis of four tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomers resulting from the hydrolysis of their respective diol-epoxide precursors which are involved in DNA-adduct formation. The analytical sensitivity necessary to reach environmental levels of concentration was obtained by using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The recovery determined at the four concentration levels were estimated in average at 83% for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±), 29% for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,t-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±), and 82% for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,C-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±). The coefficient of determination of the calibration curve was above 0.997 for all the analytes investigated and the limit of quantification ranged from 0.5 to 2 adduct/108 nucleotides. The precision was between 5.3% and 22.3%. The suitability of the method was firstly evaluated by the analysis of DNA isolated from white blood cells of rats submitted after controlled exposure to benzo[a]pyrene. The four targeted tetra-OH-benzo[a]pyrenes as well as two unknown isomers were detected in all the treated animals. Benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,c-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±) appeared as the most abundant isomer in both treated and control animals followed by benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±). The method was afterwards applied to the analysis of DNA isolated from white blood cells of human volunteers. The results confirmed that this method was sufficiently sensitive to monitor environmental levels of exposure since all the specimens analyzed were above the limit of quantification for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±) and two of them were positive for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,c-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±), thereby highlighting interspecies differences in the nature of the tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomers formed. This study confirms the necessity to focus on all the tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomers, which could be indicators of benzo[a]pyrene-associated toxicity related to an individual's own metabolism, rather than limit to a single form.

Mimosa (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) prevents oxidative DNA damage induced by cadmium exposure in Wistar rats

The Mimosa (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) is a plant native from South America; it is used in the traditional medicine systems for treating bacterial, fungal, parasitic and inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities induced by mimosa (M. caesalpiniifolia) in multiple rodent organs subjected to intoxication with cadmium chloride. A total of 40 Wistar rats (8 weeks old, 250 g) were distributed into eight groups (n = 5), as follows: Control group (non-treated group, CTRL); Cadmium exposed group (Cd); cadmium exposure and treated with extract at 62.5 mg/kg/day; cadmium exposure and treated with extract at 125 mg/kg/day; cadmium exposure and treated with extract at 250 mg/kg/day; cadmium exposure and treated with ethyl acetate fraction at 62.5 mg/kg/day. For evaluating the toxicogenetic potential of mimosa, two groups were included in the study being treated with extract at 250 mg/kg/day and acetate fraction of mimosa at 62 mg/kg/day, only. Extract of mimosa at concentrations of 62.5 and 125 mg decreased DNA damage in animals intoxicated with cadmium when compared to cadmium group. In a similar manner, treatment with ethyl acetate fraction of mimosa at 62.5 mg concentration in animals previously exposed to cadmium reduced genetic damage in peripheral blood cells. In a similar manner, the treatment with ethyl acetate fraction reduced DNA damage in liver cells. Oxidative DNA damage was reduced to animals exposed to cadmium and treated with 125 mg of extract as well as those intoxicated to cadmium and treated with 62.5 of acetate fraction of mimosa. Taken together, our results indicate that mimosa prevents genotoxicity induced by cadmium exposure in liver and peripheral blood cells of rats as a result of antioxidant activity.

Effects of Omega-3 on Lipid Profile and Haematological Parameters in Hyperlipidemic Rats

Background: There is good evidence that omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil can help to prevent and treat atherosclerosis by preventing the development of plaque and blood clots. Omega-3 can also help prevent heart disease, lower blood pressure, and reduce the level of triglycerides in the blood. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the effects of different doses of omega-3, gemfibrozil and atorvastatin on lipid profile and haematological parameters in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Forty eight rats were divided into two groups. The first groups included 18 rats’ they were subdivided into three subgroups each of 6 rats. The first subgroup served as a control. The second and third subgroups received omega-3 (15 mg/kg) and (30 mg/kg) orally (PO) daily respectively. The second group included 30 rats and received atherogenic diet throughout the treatment period and served as hyperlipidemic rats. The hyperlipidemic model rats were subdivided into five subgroups of six rats each. The first subgroup served as a positive control. The second and third subgroups received omega-3 (15 mg/kg) and (30 mg/kg) PO daily respectively. The fourth and fifth subgroups received gemfibrozil (3.5 mg/kg) PO daily and atorvastatin (2 mg/kg) PO daily respectively. At the end of treatment period of all these groups, the rats were subjected to various biochemical and hematological tests. Results: After four weeks of therapy, (30mg/kg) of omega-3 showed a significant reduction in the level of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in control rats, whereas (15mg/kg) omega-3 could only reduce the level of TC and LDL-C significantly. Four weeks of daily administration of both doses of omega-3 produced significant reduction in serum (TC, TG and LDL-C) of hyperlipidemic rats. However neither (15mg/kg) of omega-3 nor omega-3 (30mg/kg) could increase the level of high density lipoprotein HDL-C in the treated and non-treated hyperlipidemic rats. Both doses of omega-3 produced a significant increase in the level of HB, RBC and MCH in normal rats. The same doses of omega-3 showed a significant increase in the levels of hemoglobin (HB), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HTC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in hyperlipidemic rats after 4 weeks of therapy. Following four weeks treatment with both gemfibrozile and atorvastatin there was a significant reduction in serum (TC, TG and LDL-C) and a significant rise in serum HDL-C in hyperlipidemic rats. Conclusion: Omega-3 was effective in controlling lipid profile especially serum (TC, TG and LDL-C). No significant differences were found between the effects of both doses omega-3 and gemfibrozile or atorvastatin on TC, TG, and LDL-C of hyperlipidemic rats. In contrast to omega-3, gemfibrozile and atorvastatin induced a significant raise in the level of HDL-C. Omega-3 was effective in increasing the levels of HB, RBC, HTC and MCH in hyperlipidemic rats.

Tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomer analysis after hydrolysis of DNA-adducts isolated from white blood cells

On the assumption of associations between exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and certain health disorders, several recent research studies have been dedicated to the development of strategies aimed at assessing human exposure to this ubiquitous pollutant. As part of these research efforts, a method was designed for the analysis of four tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomers resulting from the hydrolysis of their respective diol-epoxide precursors which are involved in DNA-adduct formation. The analytical sensitivity necessary to reach environmental levels of concentration was obtained by means of gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The suitability of the method was firstly evaluated by the analysis of DNA isolated from white blood cells of human volunteers. The results obtained confirm that this method was sufficiently sensitive to detect environmental exposure levels as all the samples measured were above the limit of quantification for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±) and two of them tested positive for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,c-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±). The method was subsequently applied to the analysis of DNA isolated from white blood cells of rats submitted to benzo[a]pyrene-controlled exposure. The study led to the detection of the four targeted tetra-OH-benzo[a]pyrenes as well as of two unknown isomers in all benzo[a]pyrene-treated animals. Interestingly, benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,c-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±) proved to be the most abundant isomer in both treated and control animals, followed by benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol(±); which points out to interspecies differences in the nature of the tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomers formed. These results highlight the need to focus on all the tetrahydroxylated-benzo[a]pyrene isomers, which could be indicators of benzo[a]pyrene-associated toxicity related to an individual's own metabolism, rather than limit to a single form.

Circadian rhythm disorders and dynamic changes of energy metabolism in rat heart muscle cells

The functional states of pro- and antioxidant systems in blood and heart muscle cells in rats with long-term emotional stress have been studied. It has been shown that daily rhythm disorders produce psycho-emotional stress in animals and that, this is accompanied by quantitative changes in physiological parameters and hormones in the blood. In the present study, it was observed that such stress increased lipid peroxidation in blood and heart muscle cells. Also, activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were diminished, indicating deterioration of the antioxidant system. In addition, there were decreased activities of mitochondrial enzymes participating in energy metabolism, indicating decreased energy levels in heart muscle cells. These results suggest the likelihood that emotional stress is a key factor that can cause a whole range of diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Гематологічні ефекти інгібітора протеїнкіназ похідного малеіміду за 1,2-диметилгідразиніндукованого канцерогенезу товстої кишки щурів

The effect of the protein kinase inhibitor maleimide derivative (MI-, 1, 1-(4-Cl-benzyl)-3-CI-4-(CF3-phenylamino)- 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione) on blood cells of rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis has been studied. Administration of MI-I1 at 2.7 mg/kg for 20 weeks on DMH-induced carcinogenesis prevents anemia, which is a consequence of cancer and complicates it. This is confirmed by a reduction in the numberofreticulocytes (0,19(0,15;0,21)x 10(12)/1)and restoration of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (18,02 (17,44;19,03) pg) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (309,42 (292,38;318,27) g/L) to a control value (0,17 (0,15;0,19), 18,31 (17,95;18,45), 310,78 (306,25;316,18), respectively) in contrast to the group DMH (0,28 (0,24;0,39); 17,50 (17,00;17,96); 288,10 (284,71;303,73), respectively). MI-I normalizes the number of monocytes (1,40 (0,95;2,50)x 10(9)/L) and platelets (646,32 (575,23;700,50)xl10(9)/L) in the blood after 26 weeks ofexperiment; in the DMH group, the values are significantly higher (1,97 (1,52;2,58), 783,90 (687,64;922,27), respectively) as compared to control group (1,23 (0,94; 1,68), 629,34 (590,19;711,48), respectively). MI- 1 reduces the involvement of these cells in the tumors progression and metastasis. Reduction of the monocytosis and thrombocytosis may be mediated by: 1) a decrease in the number and size of tumors and, consequently, the influence of their cytokines on hematopoietic tissue; 2) suppression of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells through inhibiting of receptor protein kinases of vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factors and non-receptor PDKI-, Src- and Syk- kinases, that are involved in hematopoiesis and carcinogenesis.

Antimutagenic and antigenotoxic potential of grape juice concentrate in blood and liver of rats exposed to cadmium.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimutagenic and antigenotoxic potential of grape juice concentrate in rodent organs exposed to cadmium chloride intoxication. A total of 15 Wistar rats were distributed into three groups (n = 5), as follows: control group (CTRL; nontreated group), cadmium group (Cd), and cadmium-grape juice group (Cd + GJ). Exposed animals received intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride (1.2 mg/kg body weight) diluted in water and, after 15 days, Cd + GJ group received grape juice concentrate for 15 days, by gavage (0.8 mL, 1.18 mg of polyphenols kg(-1) day(-1)). Grape juice concentrate was able to decrease genotoxic effects induced by cadmium in peripheral blood and liver cells as depicted by single cell gel (comet) and micronucleus assays. A decrease for anti-8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) expression in hepatocytes of animals exposed to cadmium and treated with grape juice concentrate was also detected. Higher CuZn-SOD activity was observed in liver cells of the Cd + GJ group. No remarkable differences were seen regarding Mn-SOD activity among groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate that grape juice concentrate was able to exert antimutagenic and antigenotoxic activities in blood and liver cells of rats exposed to cadmium.

Genotoxic effects of some antituberculosis drugs and mixtures in rats.

In this study*, it was aimed to observe, genotoxic effects of antituberculosis drugs and combinations on rats. Animals were treated with 31.5 mg/kg isoniazid (INH), 54 mg/kg rifampicin (RIF), 189 mg/kg pyrazinamide (PYR), 100 mg/kg etham-butol(ETA), INH+RIF+PYR (MIX1) and INH+RIF+PYR+ETA (MIX2) mixtures applied via gavage for 90 days. At the end of the study, blood, liver and kidney samples were taken and evaluated by Comet and Micronucleus techniques. Compared to control group, head intensity decreased, tail intensity and tail migration increased on experiment groups in blood samples. Head intensity of PYR and mixture groups decreased, tail intensity of PYR and mixture groups increased and tail migration of PYR, ETA and mixture groups increased in liver samples. Head intensity decreased and tail intensity increased of INH, RIF, ETA and MIX1 group; tail migration increased of MIX1 group in kidney samples. Compared to control group, micronucleus rate of ETA, RIF and MIX 2 groups increased in experiment groups. In conclusion antituberculosis drugs and their mixtures applied for 90 days causes to double strand break of DNA damage at different degrees in blood, kidney and liver cells in rats.

Pharmacokinetics and dose-range finding toxicity of a novel anti-HIV active integrase inhibitor

Integration of viral DNA into human chromosomal DNA catalyzed by HIV integrase represents the “point of no return” in HIV infection. For this reason, HIV integrase is considered a crucial target in the development of new anti-HIV therapeutic agents. We have discovered a novel HIV integrase inhibitor 1, that exhibits potent antiviral activity and a favorable metabolism profile. This paper reports on the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of compound 1 and the relevance of these findings with respect to further development of this integrase-targeted antiviral agent. Oral administration of compound 1 in Sprague Dawley rats revealed rapid absorption. Drug exposure increased with increasing drug concentration, indicative of appropriate dose-dependence correlation. Compound 1 exhibited suitable plasma half-life, extensive extravascular distribution and acceptable bioavailability. Toxicity studies revealed no compound-related clinical pathology findings. There were no changes in erythropoietic, white blood cell or platelet parameters in male and female rats. There was no test-article related change in other clinical chemistry parameters. In addition, there were no detectable levels of bilirubin in the urine and there were no treatment-related effects on urobilinogen or other urinalysis parameters. The preclinical studies also revealed that the no observed adverse effect level and the maximum tolerated dose were both high (>500mg/kg/day). The broad and significant antiviral activity and favorable metabolism profile of this integrase inhibitor, when combined with the in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic data and their pharmacological relevance, provide compelling and critical support for its further development as an anti-HIV therapeutic agent.

Chemopreventive effect of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage as shown by the comet assay in peripheral blood of rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of bilberry on cisplatin induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in rat blood. Twenty-one female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into three groups: group I — untreated; group II — treated with cisplatin (single dose 7.5 mg/kg b.w.); and group III — treated with cisplatin (single dose 7.5 mg/kg b.w.) and bilberry (200 mg/kg b.w. for 10 days). Antioxidant enzyme systems including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) that might occur on erythrocytes have been determined and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) was utilized to evaluate the DNA damage in lymphocytes. Treatment with cisplatin has increased the levels of MDA and decreased antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes. Comet assay showed significantly higher values at dose of 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin as the result of oxidative DNA damage when compared to the control group. Cisplatin treatment with bilberry resulted in a highly significant (P < 0.05) decreased in the lymphocytes DNA when compared to the cisplatin group. Bilberry has been effective on antioxidant enzyme systems and MDA level and significantly decreased the comets. Our results indicate that bilberry is capable of preventing genotoxic and cytotoxic damage caused by cisplatin in peripheral blood cells in rats.

Reduced red blood cell membrane damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats supplemented with roselle (UKMR-2) calyx extract.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of roselle on the membrane composition of red blood cells. A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats (230-250 g) were divided randomly into four groups. Diabetic rats were induced streptozotocin (45 mg kg(-1), i.v). The normal and diabetes groups were administrated with distilled water. The other normal and diabetes group were administrated with roselle aqueous extracts (100 mg kg(-1)). After 28 days, the blood was drawn by sinus orbital for biochemical tests including membrane total protein, cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine and morphology of red blood cells was carried out through light microscope. In diabetic rats, the result showed the weight of rat, membrane total protein and Phosphatidylcholine (PCh) were significantly lower (p<0.05), while blood glucose and membrane cholesterol showed significantly higher (p<0.05) than control rats. In diabetic rats demonstrated with roselle, the result showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in weight and blood glucose compared to diabetic rats. The membrane total protein and PCh were significantly higher (p<0.05) than diabetic rats, whereas membrane cholesterol was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to diabetic rats. The observation red blood cells morphology that showed echinocytes, schistocytes and Heinz body in diabetic rats was caused by oxidative stress damage. The morphology of red blood cells in diabetic rats supplemented with roselle is normal. Aqueous extract of roselle showed potential protective effects on membrane composition of damaged red blood cells.

Efeito da dexametasona e melatonina exógenas sobre parâmetros sanguíneos, progesterona, carboidratos totais e histomorfometria de órgãos em ratas prenhes

A dexametasona é utilizada em casos de gestação com risco de prematuridade; porém, doses suprafisiológicas podem afetar a embriogênese. A melatonina tem demonstrado prevenir efeitos deletérios dos glicocorticoides. Assim, avaliamos a influência da melatonina sobre efeitos da dexametasona em ratas prenhes através dos seguintes parâmetros: 1. Hemograma e perfil glicídico; 2. Níveis de progesterona; e 3. Histomorfometria e histoquímica. Foram utilizadas 20 ratas divididas nos grupos: I - ratas prenhes que receberam placebo (Controle); II - ratas prenhes tratadas com dexametasona (0,8mg/kg); III - ratas prenhes tratadas com melatonina (0,5mg/kg); IV - ratas prenhes tratadas com dexametasona e melatonina. Todos os tratamentos foram iniciados 10 dias após confirmação do acasalamento até o final da prenhez. O sangue foi coletado no 7º, 14º e 21º dia de prenhez. As dosagens de carboidratos e progesterona foram realizadas pelo método antrona e ELISA, respectivamente. O fígado, rins e adrenais foram analisados histoquímica e morfometricamente. No 7º dia de prenhez, não houve alteração significativa nos parâmetros analisados. Porém, no 14º dia de prenhez, houve aumento significativo do volume de hematócrito, redução do número total de hemácias e leucócitos, neutrofilia, linfopenia, eosinopenia e redução do diâmetro das hemácias nas matrizes tratadas com dexametasona. Esses efeitos permaneceram no 21º dia de prenhez, exceto para o hematócrito, o qual reduziu. Verificou-se ainda redução significativa dos níveis de glicose (21º dia de prenhez) e progesterona (14º e 21º dia de prenhez). Não houve alteração nos parâmetros morfométricos e histoquímico no fígado, rins e adrenais. A dexametasona na dosagem de 0,8mg/kg, administrada a partir do terço médio da prenhez, produz alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e hormonais em ratas, sendo prevenidas pela melatonina; porém não afeta o fígado, rins e adrenais quanto aos parâmetros morfométricos e histoquímicos.

Effects of Vitamin E and Selenium on Some Blood Parameters of Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Rats

Aims: To determine the effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin E and selenium on infection rate, pack cell volume (PCV) and white blood cell (WBC) of T. brucei brucei infected rats. Study Design: Feeding of rats with varying levels of vitamin E and selenium to determine their effects on parasitaemia, packed cell volume and white blood cells of infected rats. Place and Duration of Study: Animal House, Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. January 2009. Methodology: Thirty healthy albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (1-5) of six animals each. The PCV and WBC of the experimental animals were determined before they were inoculated with 0.2 ml of infected red blood cell containing 1.5 x 10 T. brucei brucei on the first day. The rats were fed with standard chick grower mash containing varied quantities of vitamin E and selenium for seventeen days. Group 1 (control) were given diet without vitamin E and selenium, group 2 were fed with diet containing vitamin E only, group 3 were fed with diet containing selenium only, group 4 were fed diet containing 0.3 mg vitamin E and 80 mg selenium and group 5 had diet containing 0.5 mg vitamin E and 100 mg selenium. Results: There is a significant (P=.05) decrease in parasitaemia of rats fed varying levels of vitamin E and selenium. The PCV increased significantly (P=.05) in rats fed with diet Original Research Article British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 4(7): 1100-1108, 2014 1101 containing vitamin E and selenium relative to the control. There was no significant (P =.05) change in WBC of rats fed with supplements and that of the control group. Conclusion: The study showed that vitamin E and selenium supplementation significantly decreased parasitaemia resulting in delay of death in the rats, increased the PCV, while there was no significantly effect on WBC.

Antioxidant potential of orientin: A combined experimental and DFT approach

The antioxidant activity of the bioactive fractions obtained from the leaves of Rhynchosia capitata is evaluated for its capacity to reduce ferric ions. In vitro antihemolytic analysis for the separated erythrocytes of Wistar rat blood cells exhibits maximum inhibition value for ethyl acetate (1202.55±9.46) than ethanol fraction (424.57±12.04). Gas and solvent phase studies of structural and molecular characteristics of C-glycosyl flavonoid, orientin present in the bioactive fraction of R. capitata is investigated through hydrogen atom transfer mechanism (HAT) using DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. Interestingly, the intramolecular hydrogen bonding formed between 3′-O and 4′-H makes 3′-OH as the active site which is supported by its bond dissociation energy values. The computed values of the adiabatic ionization potential, electron affinity, hardness, softness, electronegativity and electrophilic index indicate that orientin possess good radical scavenging activity. In this study, role of molecular electrostatic potential and electron density distribution map in predicting the importance of B-ring are analyzed and reported. Spin density distribution analysis for the radicals is formed by summing of spin on rings A, B and C. The most active system able to transfer a hydrogen atom is orientin compared to vitexin and the bond dissociation enthalpy follows the order benzene>ethyl acetate>water.

Production of Healthy Brown Rice from Three Various Color Rice

This study was aimed at investigating the following: 1) Rice formula selections accepted by consumers; 2) levels of γ- oryzanol, α-tocopherol, total phenols and antioxidant activities of rice formulas accepted by consumers by using three strains of brown rice, namely, Khaw Dok Mali 105, Aromatic Black Rice and Fragrant Red Rice, respectively, to alter ratios in mixing four rice formulas. Sensory measurements were then taken to select rice formulas accepted by consumers with measurements of all γ-oryzanol, α-tocopherol, total phenol levels, antioxidant activities (before and after cooking), and measured GPx levels in rats under heat stress. According to the findings, Rice Formula 2 was the rice formula most widely accepted by tasters for tested properties. After cooking rice with heat, Rice Formula 2 (after cooking), had reduced γ-oryzanol, α-tocopherol, total phenol levels and antioxidant activities with statistical significance in every method. Furthermore, a temperature of 38±2°C was found capable of giving rats higher GPx while polyphenol substances from extracts of Rice Formula 2 at 500mg/kg were found to have the effect of reducing GPx in rats. Based on this study, rice may be indicated as a naturally encountered antioxidant source. Polyphenol substances from rice extracts were found capable of reducing heat-related stress to the red blood cells of rats.

남항(Vitis romaneti) 유래 포도잎 추출물과 Resveratrol의 항산화 및 혈행개선 효과

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of 80% ethanol grape leaf extract (VGLE) and resveratrol (VGLR) from Vitis romaneti on antioxidant of red blood cells (RBC) of rat and efficacy of blood flow improvement in a rat model of topical ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced carotid artery damage. RBC oxidative hemolysis and plasma lipid peroxidation induced by the aqueous peroxyl radical generator 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride were significantly suppressed by VGLE or VGLR in a dose-dependent manner. The FeCl₃ treatment seriously damaged the carotid artery: the walls of the artery and blood flow. However, VGLE or VGLR administration has ameliorated the blood flow and suppressed thrombus in blood vessels. These results suggest that VGLE or VGLR ameliorates the oxidative stress of RBC and thrombosis against blood vessel damage.