Blood Biochemical Components Research Articles

Cellular distribution of AQP1, AQP2, and AQP3 in ureter and urinary bladder of goats in different seasons

Aquaporins (AQP) are transmembrane proteins that function as channels for water molecules' movement. It is conserved across bacteria, plants and animals. It helps in thermoregulation during extreme climatic conditions. So, this study focuses on the expression of AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3 in the ureter and bladder tissues of goat (Capra hircus) during winter, spring and summer seasons. The study was conducted on goats (n=30) to investigate the expression of AQP (water channels) in ureter and urinary bladder and metabolic and hormonal influence by aquaporins. mRNAs were isolated from ureter and urinary bladder tissues and cDNA were synthesized for RT-PCR expression studies. Biochemical parameters were studied in the blood samples. AQP1 mRNA expression was non-significant in goat ureters but considerably greater (p<0.05) in the urine bladder during summer compared to winter. During the summer, both ureter and urinary bladder tissue samples showed increased expression of AQP2 and AQP3. Aquaporins 3 had significantly greater (p<0.05) mRNA expression in the ureter and urine bladder than Aquaporins 1 and 2 throughout the summer season. The significant (p<0.05) increase in physiological responses, haematological counts and blood biochemical components seen in goats throughout the summer season. Finally, it concludes that AQP and their role in thermotolerance and direct association with effective water balance mechanisms in the body via expression of AQP in different extreme climatic conditions.

The beneficial impacts of nano-propolis liposomes as an anti-stressor agent on broiler chickens kept under cyclic heat stress

This research assessed the impacts of dietary nano-propolis liposomes (NPRL) inclusion on the growth, blood biochemical components, immune function, and oxidative status of broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress (HS). Birds were fed with a basal diet supplemented with various levels of nano-propolis liposomes (NPRL) at 0 (HS), 100 (NPRL100), 250 (NPRL250) and 400 (NPRL400) mg/kg diets. Diets supplemented with NPRL significantly improved the growth indices and feed utilization, hemoglobin and red blood cells (P<0.01). White blood cells, lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly decreased by NPRL inclusion (P<0.001). Dietary supplementation of 250 or 400 mg of NPRL /kg reduced the pathogenic bacteria counts (Salmonella, E. coli and Enterococci) (P<0.01). The birds fed diets with NPRL (400 mg/kg diet) significantly downregulated the mRNA IFNγ gene (p <0.001), while both groups (NPRL100 and NPRL250) had similar results (P>0.05). The iNOS gene was significantly decreased by the dietary NPRL inclusion in a dose-dependent manner. Birds in NRPL groups had inferior levels of the mRNA of interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor genes. The lysosome activity was significantly reduced by dietary 250 or 400 mg of NPRL inclusion (P<0.001). Birds in NPRL250 and NPRL100 had greater IgG (P<0.05) than the other groups. Regarding oxidative-related biomarkers, dietary NPRL inclusion decreased myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels significantly compared to those with the HS group (P<0.001). Broilers in the NPRL400 group had the lowest levels of total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase. NPRL250 had the lowest values of urea compared with other groups (P<0.001). Dietary NPRL inclusion improved the broiler's hepatic and intestinal architecture exposed to cyclic heat stress. These results indicate that employing NPRL in the diets of stressed broilers can enhance heat resistance by enhancing blood metabolites and immunity, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.

Effect of Consistency of Diet on Swallowing and Blood Biochemical Components of Patients with Dysphagia After Brain Injury Surgery

Effect of Consistency of Diet on Swallowing and Blood Biochemical Components of Patients with Dysphagia After Brain Injury Surgery

Variations of Blood Biochemical Components in Cattle Breeds of Kyrgyzstan

The variability of biochemical blood components in cattle breeds bred in Kyrgyzstan was studied. The proportion of influence of the genetic factor on the magnitude of this variability is shown. Farm animal genetic resources (GRH) are the basis of food security, their periodic bio-certification for genetic, biochemical and other indicators is aimed at their conservation and rational use. In order to assess the functional state of breeds and create an AnGR bank in the mountainous region of Kyrgyzstan, the Institute of Biotechnology of the National Academy of Sciences conducts bio-certification of breeds of farm animals for their compliance with environmental breeding conditions.

The Potential Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Kidney Diseases.

Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a spectroscopic technique based on the inelastic interaction of incident electromagnetic radiation (from a laser beam) with a polarizable molecule, which, when scattered, carries information from molecular vibrational energy (the Raman effect). RS detects biochemical changes in biological samples at the molecular level, making it an effective analytical technique for disease diagnosis and prognosis. It outperforms conventional sample preservation techniques by requiring no chemical reagents, reducing analysis time even at low concentrations, and working in the presence of interfering agents or solvents. Because routinely utilized biomarkers for kidney disease have limitations, there is considerable interest in the potential use of RS. RS may identify and quantify urinary and blood biochemical components, with results comparable to reference methods in nephrology.

The effect of varying levels of purified condensed tannins on performance, blood profile, meat quality and methane emission in male Bapedi sheep fed grass hay and pellet-based diet

This study determined the effect of purified condensed tannin inclusion levels in a diet on production, haematological indices, blood biochemical components, meat quality and methane emission by yearling indigenous male Bapedi sheep on a grass hay and sheep pellet-based diet in a 28-day trial. The diets contained similar (P > 0.05) nutrients but with different (P < 0.05) purified condensed tannin supplementation levels. A complete randomized design was used. Twenty-four yearling male Bapedi sheep were assigned to four dietary treatments having different purified condensed tannin levels of 0 (GH80P20PCT0), 30 (GH80P20PCT30), 40 (GH80P20PCT40) and 50 (GH80P20PCT50) g/kg DM. A quadratic type of equation was also used to determine condensed tannin supplementation levels for optimal performance and methane emission reduction by sheep. Supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins did not affect (P > 0.05) diet intake, digestibility and live weight gain of male Bapedi sheep. Supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins did not affect (P > 0.05) blood components of male Bapedi sheep. Inclusion of condensed tannins in the diets did not affect (P > 0.05) Bapedi sheep meat pH and sensory attributes. However, supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins decreased (P < 0.05) methane emission by 51 to 60%. A 49.08 g supplementation level with purified condensed tannins per kg DM diet was calculated, with the use of quadratic equations, to result in the lowest methane emission by male Bapedi sheep. The meat of male Bapedi rams on diets containing 30, 40 or 50 g of purified condensed tannins per kg DM contained higher (P < 0.05) antioxidant activities than those from rams fed a diet without purified condensed tannins. These results indicate that purified condensed tannin supplementation levels of 0, 30, 40 or 50 g/kg DM diet had no adverse effects on growth performance, blood profiles and meat sensory attributes of male Bapedi sheep. However, supplementation levels of 30, 40 or 50 g of purified condensed tannins per kg DM diet reduced methane emission by 51 to 60%, and increased sheep meat antioxidant activity values. Supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins has the potential to reduce methane production and emission by sheep. However, long-term studies are recommended to ascertain the present findings.

Role of clay in detoxification of aflatoxin B1 in growing Japanese quail with reference to gender.

The present study investigated the influence of the quail diet polluted with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its detoxification by using clay as a feed additive on the growth performance and some blood biochemical components of growing Japanese quail with reference to sex. A total number of 120 Japanese quail chicks (1week old), was randomly divided into 10 groups (24 chicks/ group). A 5 × 2 factorial arrangement experiment was performed and included five levels of AFB1 (0ppm, 1mg/kg AFB1, 1mg/kg AFB1 + 1% clay, 2mg/kg AFB1 and 2mg/kg AFB1 + 1% clay) and two sexes. Birds fed with aflatoxin free diet had significantly (P ≤ 0.05 and 0.01) higher final live body weight, weight gain and lower mortality rate than the other groups. Addition of 1% clay significantly (P ≤ 0.05 and 0.01) improved the growth performance traits and diminished aflatoxin effect when compared to groups without the addition of clay. Obtained results indicated significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences between the two sexes in their response to aflatoxicosis in the final live body weight and weight gain. Our results showed significant (P ≤ 0.01) changes in all blood biochemicals (total protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid) and activities of serum enzymes studied due to the toxicity of AFB1. Conclusively, the consumption of polluted diets with AFB1 caused deleterious effects on the growth performance and blood biochemicals components of Japanese quail, while dietary addition of natural clay to the diet of growing Japanese quail caused beneficial effects.

Effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on growth, carcass characteristics and liver and kidney functions of growing Egyptian geese

The present study investigated the effect of different dietary levels of calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (P) on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood components of growing geese. A total of 120, 4-wk-old Egyptian goslings with similar body weights were randomly distributed to four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, which included 2 levels of Ca (0.85% and 0.70%) and 2 levels of non-phytate P (0.45% and 0.35%). Each group was subdivided into 6 replicates of five birds. The experiment lasted 8 wk, from 4 to 12 wk of age. Results show that dietary Ca level had no significant effect on any of the studied growth performance traits over the full experimental period. Dietary P level also had no significant impact on these traits, with the exception of daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio at 8 to 12 wk of age; these improved significantly with the low P diet. Geese received a diet containing 0.70% Ca + 0.45% P had the lowest body weight values at 12 wk of age and the lowest daily body weight gain, and feed intake at 8 to 12 weeks of age. While, the lowest value of feed conversion ratio was recorded in geese fed low level of Ca with low level of P (0.70% Ca + 0.35% P). There were no significant effects of the different dietary levels of Ca, P, or their interaction on all studied carcass parameters. Low dietary Ca level significantly increased the plasma levels of total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and creatinine and significantly decreased the plasma levels of Ca and P. Different dietary P levels had no significant effect on plasma levels of albumin, AST, ALT, ALP, and urea, whereas the 0.35% P-based diet significantly decreased the plasma contents of total protein, creatinine, Ca, and P. Plasma levels of albumin, creatinine, urea, Ca, and P were not affected by an interaction between Ca and P. Diets containing 0.70% Ca and 0.45% P lead to the highest plasma values for total protein, ALT, AST, and ALP compared with the other dietary Ca and P combinations. In conclusion, dietary Ca and P levels can be simultaneously reduced without negative impacts on growth performance, carcass characteristics, or blood biochemical components. We advise to avoid increasing the dietary Ca: P ratio, as it leads to negative effects on growth performance and blood biochemistry in growing geese. So, the findings of the current study recommended the low levels of Ca (0.70%) and non-phytate P (0.35%) for the performance of Egyptian geese during the fattening period.

Chronic stress affects tyrosine phosphorylated protein expression and secretion of male rat epididymis.

Chronic stress (CS) is shown to decrease the semen quality with changed expression of tyrosine phosphorylated (TyrPho) proteins in testicular and seminal tissues. However, the alterations of such proteins and fluid contents in the epididymis, producing sperm maturation factors, have never been reported. Sixteen adult rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8). The control animals were not subjected to stressors whereas CS rats were immobilised within restraint cage (4hr/day) before cold forced-water swimming (15min/day) for 60days. Corticosterone, testosterone, blood glucose level (BGL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and biochemical components in epididymal fluid were assayed. Expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), androgen receptor (AR) and TyrPho protein were investigated in epididymal tissue and fluid. Significantly, CS increased the corticosterone and BGL but decreased testosterone and epididymal substance levels. MDA level in tail epididymal fluid and HSP-70 expression in both regions of epididymal tissues and fluids, except in head epididymal fluid of CS were increased. Epididymal tissues showed the decrease of AR expression. Presence and changes of many TyrPho proteins were observed in CS. In conclusion, CS could affect functional proteins particularly TyrPho in epididymis, resulted in low semen quality.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Moringa oleifera Leaves and/or Seeds Powder on Production, Egg Characteristics, Hatchability and Blood Chemistry of Laying Japanese Quails

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaves and/or seed powder on laying Japanese quail performance in terms of egg production, egg quality, blood serum characteristics, and reproduction. In total, 168 Japanese quails (120 hens and 48 males) at eight weeks of age in laying period were randomly distributed to four treatment groups, with six replicates per group and seven birds (five hens and two males) per replicate. The first group (G1) served as a control group, while G2, G3 and G4 groups were supplemented with M. oleifera leaves (ML) and M. oleifera seeds (MS) and their combination ((1 g/kg ML; 1 g/kg MS; and 1 ML g/kg + 1 MS g/kg (MSL), respectively). From the results, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, fertility and hatchability from fertile eggs, egg and yolk index, and Haugh unit were not affected by dietary treatments. However, egg production, egg mass, eggshell thickness, and hatchability were significantly increased and blood aspartate transaminase (AST) and urea decreased in the MS treatment. Both triglycerides and total cholesterol were reduced (p &lt; 0.05) in all treatments with ML, MS, and MSL, with no significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, total protein, globulin, and A/G ratio among dietary treatment. Our results clearly indicated that the inclusion of M. oleifera seeds in Japanese quail diet significantly increased egg production and improved hatchability, along with some egg quality parameters, and also lowered some blood biochemical components.

AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD COMPONENTS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE IN SCAFFOLDES MADE BY ORIGINAL TECHNOLOGY

Relevance. It is believed that when scaffolds fill in bone defects after removal of jaw cysts or revision of inflammatory foci, a new bone grows from the periphery to the center, replacing the graft and at the same time changing its properties. Delivery of all materials necessary to start the reparative process begins with the contact area of ​​the bone bed and scaffold. The properties of the material for making the scaffold and its hydrophilicity determine its ability to incorporate chemical and cellular material from surrounding tissues.&#x0D; Scaffold properties can be programmed. The properties of the fluid conductor from the wall of the bone defect to the implanted material are also important. The use of autologous blood components for this role becomes attractive.&#x0D; Objective: to study the composition of autologous blood components prepared using simplified technology, and their interaction with scaffolds of the original design in the treatment of patients with destructive periodontitis and jaw cysts.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Microscopic examination of the components of autologous blood and their ability to penetrate into the scaffold during surgical preparation.&#x0D; Results. Microscopic examination of autologous blood after centrifugation showed a platelet count in plasma similar to the norm, increased in the liquid from the gel, as well as their presence in the gel itself and in the gel membrane. A small increase in the number of leukocytes compared to the norm is determined in the liquid obtained from the gel. In the remaining blood components, the number of leukocytes in our micropreparations is not determined. The proposed original scaffold with initial cell sizes of 10 μm during immersion in the liquid components of autologous blood showed great absorption potential against the background of the possibility of increasing its porosity.&#x0D; Conclusions. The proposed simple technique for obtaining the components of autologous blood allows you to create such an environment on the border of the "bone bed-scaffold", where platelets, white blood cells and biochemical blood components are concentrated in the required quantity. On the other hand, the proposed original design of the scaffold allows, in the process of filling it with a mixture of the liquid components of autologous blood, an increase in cell sizes, which leads to an increase in the absorption volume and contact area. Both of these circumstances make it possible to achieve the necessary incorporation of biological material already before scaffold is introduced into bone defects.

Effect of the injection of vitamins AD3E and the seasons on some blood traits, biochemical components and hormones of Arabi rams

Effect of the injection of vitamins AD3E and the seasons on some blood traits, biochemical components and hormones of Arabi rams

Retained placenta in Relation with Blood Components in Egyptian crossbred cattle

&lt;p&gt; The present study was carried out in the veterinary units on 14 normal cows and 32 cows with Retained Placenta. Cows were chosen after about 6 to 12 hours from parturition in Shebin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; Results show that there was very highly significant increase of concentrations of all blood biochemical components, macro elements and micro elements in normal cows than those in retained fetal membranes cows except in globulin, Sodium and Manganese. On the other hand, plasma concentrations of biochemical components were highly significant between summer and winter in cholesterol, total protein and albumin but it wasn’t significant in glucose, globulin and A/G ratio. Moreover, there was very highly significant in plasma concentration between summer and winter in all macro elements except potassium and Ca/P ratio. Also, there was very highly significant in plasma concentration between summer and winter in all micro elements except Manganese. Meanwhile, plasma concentrations of biochemical components were not significant between parities except in A/G ratio. Furthermore, there was no significant in plasma concentration between summer and winter in all macro elements. But, there was very highly significant (P≤0.01) in plasma concentration of Cu and Cd between summer and winter, and it was significant (P≤0.05) in Fe and Se but, there was no significant in Co, Zn, Mn, and Mo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; The aim of this study was to determine blood plasma constituents and inorganic macro and micro elements in the case of retained placenta in crossbred cattle under Egyptian conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

SOME BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT BIOMARKERS, LIPID PEROXIDATION, PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF BROILER CHICKS SUPPLEMENTED WITH ALPINIA GALANGAL RHIZOMES EXTRACT DURING HEAT STRESS

One thousand one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly allotted to four dietary groups to study the influences of various levels of nutritional supplementation of Alpinia galangal rhizomes extracts (AGRE) on blood biochemical components, antioxidant status biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, productive performance, and carcass traits of broilers beneath summer circumstances. The control set was fed a standard diet free of AGRE; the trial groups obtained the standard diet besides 250, 500, and 750 mg AGRE /kg. The trial time continued for six weeks. The obtain results showed that, in groups, 500 AGRE and 750 AGRE, plasma globulin, albumin, and total protein were significantly augmented. However, all levels of AGRE supplementary diets revealed significantly decreased in the plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, and total lipids. Total antioxidant capacity, glutathione S -transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly augmented by supplementing nutritional AGRE, respectively. In contrast, malondialdehyde was lowered with rising AGRE levels. Chickens of group 750 AGRE had the lowest mortality and also, the most effective feed conversion ratio and body weight gain. Percentage of dressing, breast, and thigh significantly augmented for chicks consumed different levels of AGRE. Also, the group fed on AGRE recorded the highest abdominal fat compared with control group. Additional, liver, heart and gizzard weights were increased significantly in the group of chickens that received different levels of AGRE as compared with the control group. Ascending levels of AGRE supplementary in broiler diet affected the carcass meat, which was noticed an increase in crude protein, moisture and ether extract in breast meat compared to the control group. However, ascending levels of AGRE supplementary caused downward in crude protein contents of thigh meat compared to the control group. The present findings revealed that all tested levels of AGRE supplementations were useful against heat stress to downgrade the adverse effects of heat stress in broilers.

아연 보충급여에 따른 한국재래계의 성장, 사료이용성, 장기무게, 혈액생화학적 성상, 장기무게 및 소화효소 활성도에 미치는 영향

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of zinc (Zn) sources (zinc oxide and Zn-methionine) on performance, organ weights, blood biochemical profiles, and digestive enzymes of the pancreas and small intestine in Korean native chicks (KNC). A total of 144 KNC (n=6) were fed a basal diet (CON, 100 ppm of Zn), a basal diet supplemented with 50 ppm of Zn with ZnO (ZNO), or a basal diet supplemented with 50 ppm of Zn with Zn-methionine (ZMT) for 28 days. There was no significant difference in body weight, gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio among the three groups. The relative weights of the liver, spleen, and intestinal mucosa were unaffected by the dietary source of Zn, whereas pancreas weight in the ZNO group decreased (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05) compared with that in the CON and ZMT groups. Blood biochemical components including aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were unaffected by dietary Zn supplementation. Pancreatic trypsin activity in the ZNO and ZMT groups was significantly (P&lt;0.05) enhanced compared with that in the CON group. However, the activities of α-amylase and carboxypeptidase A were not altered by dietary Zn supplementation. The activities of maltase and sucrase were unchanged, whereas the activity of leucine aminopeptidase tended (<italic>P</italic>=0.08) to be increased by dietary Zn supplementation. In conclusion, the supplementation with 50 ppm of ZnO or Zn-methionine resulted in an activation of protein digestive enzymes in the pancreas and small intestine without affecting animal performance in KNC.

Impact of supplemented orally flaxseeds oil or folic acid on body weight, feed intake, blood biochemical components and wool characterization in Rahmani ewes

ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted on thirty ewes for three months from 1st August to the end of October, 2017. Ewes were divided randomly into three equal groups. The 1st group was kept without treatment as control. In the 2nd group; each ewe was supplemented orally with 25 ml daily flaxseeds oil. In the 3rd group; each ewe was supplemented orally with 500 mg daily folic acid. In the final day of experiment and after collection of the blood samples, each ewe was sheared her wool. Daily gain, dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion are improved (p<0.01) in ewes treated with flaxseed oil and folic acid. Flaxseeds oil increased significantly total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) enzyme activities and glucose level decreased significantly (P > 0.05) in ewes treated with flaxseeds oil. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations decreased (p<0.05) due to treated ewes with flaxseeds oil. While Total cholesterol increased (p<0.05) and LDL decreased (p<0.05) due to treated ewes with folic acid. Estrdiol17β and T3 hormonal levels increased (p<0.05) due to treated ewes with flaxseeds oil. Wool characterization improved due to treated ewes with flaxseeds oil.

Effects of an allostatic modulator on the behavior and blood indicators of young bulls after transport

An allostatic modulator (AM) composed of ascorbic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, sodium chloride and potassium chloride was dissolved in the drinking water of three groups of young bulls (n = 7) and administered to them for 7 d after 20.42 h of transport (Control (C) = 0 g/head/d, G2 = 30 g/head/d, G3 = 60 g/head/d). The effects of the AM on behavior and blood cellular and biochemical components were measured. G3 animals spent less time lying and more time standing than C animals (P = 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively), indicating less fatigue. G3 bulls presented a lower frequency of agonistic interactions than those in the G2 group (P = 0.001), suggesting a possible effect on aggression that warrants further evaluation. The AM affected creatinine kinase (CK) activity in the G2 group compared to the C group (P = 0.04), suggesting an effect of AM components that has not been previously reported. Cortisol levels remained unaffected by AM supplementation (P = 0.55). These preliminary findings suggest an effect of supplementing cattle with an AM after long-haul transport.

Milk Yield and Blood Biochemical Components in Local and Crossing Bovine Cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the milk yield, milk composition and blood biochemical components as well as body weight and daily gain of newborn calves produced from local and their crossing bovine cows under desert of Inshas area at Egypt. Twenty one pregnant cows in first parity chosen according to the nearest calving day were used in the experiment. Experiment was carried out during last stage of pregnancy (four weeks before birthing) and continued to calving and 8 weeks postpartum. Experimental pregnant cows including three equal groups, each group was 7 cows. 1st group was Local bovine cows (L) while 2nd group was F1 crossbred (H) cows; (50%, Local cows x Holstein bull) and 3rd group was F1 crossbred (BS) cows; 50% (Local cows x Brown Swiss bull). Results showed that H cows have a highest daily milk yield and daily milk components while L cows have lowest values. Milk energy during 1st week post-partum was higher than milk energy during 4th or 8th week post-partum. Fat corrected milk yield was significantly positive correlated with milk components and was significantly negative correlated with milk energy. Crossing cows have significantly higher total protein and albumin concentrations than L cows. Total protein, globulin and γ-globulin concentrations at parturition were significantly higher than its concentrations at late gestation period and during 8th week from lactation period. Glucose, total lipids, total cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were not differs significantly between local cows and their crossing. Glucose and total cholesterol concentrations showed significant increase at late gestation period as well as at parturition compared with its concentrations at 8th week of lactation period. Crossing cows have significantly higher urea concentration and T4, T3 and Estradiol17β levels than its levels in L cows. Body weight of newborn both male and female calves as well as daily body weight gain of calves produced from crossing cows were higher significantly than newborn calves produced from L cows with priority to calves produced from H cows. In addition, male calves at birthing, after 4th and 8th weeks from birthing were heavier in weight and faster in growth than female ones in the three genotype breeds.

RABBIT GROWTH, CARCASS CHARACTERISTIC, DIGESTION, CAECAL FERMENTATION, MICROFLORA, AND SOME BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS AFFECTED BY ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF ANAEROBIC PROBIOTIC (ZAD®)

The current research designed to study the influences of diverse doses of oral administration of anaerobic probiotic (ZAD®) on growth performance, carcass characteristic, digestibility coefficient, caecal activity, microflora and some blood biochemical components of growing rabbits. At 6 weeks (average body weight 539.87±13.35 g), one hundred and eighty weaned male rabbits from New Zealand White (NZW) were randomly distributed to four groups. The control group received orally 0.0 ZAD®; the experimental groups administrated orally with 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ml ZAD®/rabbit/day, respectively. The experimental period lasted for 8 weeks. Groups 0.25 ZAD® and 0.5 ZAD® had improved feed conversion ratio and body weight gain and the lowest mortality rate. In comparison with the control and 1.0 ZAD® groups, the groups 0.25 ZAD® and 0.5 ZAD caused a significant increase (P≤0.05) in nitrogen utilization, nutritive value and digestibility coefficients. The different doses of ZAD® had improved dressing percentage and percentage of edible parts, although parts of total non-edible were decreased (P≤0.001) compared to the group of control. As well as, cecum activity (caecum pH, total volatile fatty acids, acetic, propionic and butyric acid) were improved significantly by administrated orally different doses of probiotic ZAD® 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ml/rabbit/day compared with the control group. The opposite trend was observed in ammonia concentration which had been reduced significantly by administrated all doses of ZAD®. In addition, a total number of anaerobic bacteria were less than those of total microbial count and coliform group but, they have the same trend of decreasing the number as the amount of anaerobic probiotic ZAD® increased. Also, fermentation of lactobacilli take the opposite trend as the amount of probiotic ZAD® increased the lactobacilli number increased. As streptococci isolated was lower than lactobacilli group. As the concentration of probiotic ZAD® increased isolates numbers decreased, also lactobacilli enumeration increased. The serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin: globulin concentration of rabbits received probiotic ZAD® groups were significantly augmented compared with the group of control. On the contrary, levels of creatinine and urea in rabbit serum were not significantly affected by probiotic oral administration ZAD®. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes of serum were significantly decreased with augmenting levels of ZAD®. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), lipoproteins of low density (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, total lipids, and LDL: lipoproteins of high density (HDL) ratio were significantly decreased with augmenting levels of ZAD®. But, the HDL: TC and HDL: LDL ratio augmented significantly with probiotic oral administration ZAD® levels.

Blood Biochemical Components and Progesterone Hormone on Day of Estrus in Crossbred Cattle in Egypt

Deficiencies or excess minerals such as P, Cu, and Zn are associated with subnormal fertility and anoestrus conditions in cows. This study was conducted in a veterinary unit in Menufiya, Egypt. Eighteen head of crossbred cows were randomly selected at random at estrus time (estrus group) and as a control 14 head of crossbred cows were selected from newly-calving dams at about 6-12 hours after calving (control group). The aim of this study was to use the components of biochemistry and progesterone hormone on estrus day of crossbreeding cattle in Egypt. The information from this study will be used to confirm estrus time to improve mating percentage. In blood plasma, the concentrations of all biochemical components and progesterone concentrations in estrus animals are higher than control cows except globulin. The results showed that blood plasma from control animal obtained Mg, Ca / P ratio, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mo concentration is higher than estrus cattle. On the other hand, blood plasma concentrations of Na, K, Ca, P, Mn, and Fe are higher in estrus cattle. The progesterone concentration of estrus cattle is lower during summer than in winter. In estrus cows, higher plasma macro-elements were found in winter than in summer except for K, Ca and Ca/P ratio. On the other side of estrus cattle, all trace elements of blood plasma are higher in winter than in summer except Zn, Mn, Se, and Fe.