Blood Biochemical Components Research Articles

EFFECT OF FASTING REGIMEN AND DIETARY ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, HORMONAL PROFILES AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES IN MALES OF GROWING RABBITS

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fasting regimen and dietary zinc (Zn) supplementation on hematological parameters, blood biochemical components, hormonal profiles and the antioxidative properties in males of growing rabbits. A total of 60 weaned male V-Line rabbits (35 days old) were randomly divided into six experimental treatments (10 each): (1) control (basal diet ad labium without any supplementation of Zn); (2) Ad+Zn (basal diet ad labium +100 mg Zn/kg diet); (3) F24 (24 hr fasting regimen per week); (4) F48 (48 hr fasting regimen per week); (5) F24+Zn (24 hr fasting regimen per week+100 mg Zn/kg diet) and (6) F48+Zn (48 hr fasting regimen per week+100 mg Zn/kg diet). All experimental treatments were provided from 35 to 84 day of age. The obtained results showed that fasting regimen (in experimental groups F24 and F48) decreased significantly red blood cells (RBCs) compared with those of control (Ad) or Ad+Zn groups in growing rabbits (P≤ 0.0001). While, group F48 recorded the lowest value of blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV). Dietary Zn supplementation relieved the effect of fasting in groups F24+Zn and F48+Zn. Regarding to white blood cells (WBCs) count, the lowest WBCs number was observed in F48 group compared with other treatments. The highest neutrophils percentages were recorded in groups supplemented with Zn (in groups Ad+Zn, F24+Zn and F48+Zn) compared with the other groups. No significant differences were observed in lymphocytes (%) monocytes (%) eosinophils (%) and basophils (%) among the experimental groups. Feeding growing rabbit's ad libitum diet supplemented with Zn (Ad+Zn) increased significantly blood plasma total protein and albumin concentration comparing with the other experimental groups. However, fasting regimen groups with or without Zn supplementation decreased significantly plasma total protein, albumin, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol and numerically triglycerides concentrations comparing with those fed ad libitum diet with or without Zn supplementation. Growing rabbits exposed to fasting (F24, F48, F24+Zn and F48+Zn groups) had a significant increase in blood plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), while, growing rabbits exposed to fasting with Zn (F24 and F48 groups) had a significant increase in blood plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared with those fed ad libitum diet with or without Zn supplementation (Ad and Ad+Zn groups). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was significantly increased in the group fed ad libitum diet supplemented with Zn (Ad+Zn) compared with the other experimental groups. However, TAC was significantly reduced in growing rabbit subjected to fasting regimen (24 or 48 h) and dietary Zn supplementation alleviated this effect and improved TAC significantly. Growing rabbits exposed to fasting (F24, F48, F24+Zn and F48+Zn groups) had a significant increase in plasma malonylaldhyed (MDA) concentration, cortisol, corticosterone and significantly decrease in blood plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) compared with those fed ad libitum diet (Ad) and ad libitum diet + Zn (Ad+Zn). It could be concluded that growing rabbits exposed to fasting and fed diet supplemented with or without Zn had a significantly decrease in RBCs, Hb concentration, PCV, plasma total protein, albumin, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, T3 and T4 concentrations. Interestingly, dietary Zn supplementation improved the antioxidative properties and reduced the rate of lipid peroxidation in growing rabbits subjected to fasting regimen.

Effects of coenzyme Q10 on the antioxidant system in SD rats exposed to lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity

The study was performed to see the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on blood biochemical components and hepatic antioxidant system in rats exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced toxicity. A total of 24 rats were allocated to four groups: control (CON), 100 mg/kg BW of LPS (LPS), 100 mg of CoQ10/kg BW with LPS (LCQI) and 300 mg of CoQ10/kg BW with LPS (LCQII). The LPS and LCQI groups showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the relative spleen weight compared with the CON group without affecting body and liver weights. The blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in the LPS group was significantly (P<0.05) greater than that in the CON group, while supplementation with 100 or 300 mg CoQ10 to rats injected with LPS normalized the ALT level in the CON group. In antioxidant systems, the LPS group showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher mRNA and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) than the CON group. The supplementation with CoQ10 to the LPS-treated group normalized the level of SOD, which was comparable to the level of the CON group. Both the mRNA expression and activity of glutathione peroxidase in the LCQI and LCQII groups were higher (P<0.05) than that of the LPS group. However, administration of LPS or CoQ10 unaffected the level of catalase and total antioxidant power. The level of lipid peroxidation in the LCQII group was lower (P<0.05) than that in the LPS group. In conclusion, CoQ10 exerted its favorable effect against liver damage by modulation of antioxidant enzymes in LPS treated rats.

Effect of Vit. E Supplementation to Pregnant Ewes Ration on Some Blood Biochemical Components in Ewes and Their Offspring’s

Thirty six pregnant Rahmani ewes with an avg. 33.7 kg LBW and 3 years old age were used to investigate the effect of vitamin E daily supplementation to pregnant ewes at late gestation and early lactation on the productive performance and some biochemical blood constituents of treated ewes and their offspring’s. Experimental animals were randomly assigned (28 days prepartum) to three nutritional groups; the 1st one served as a control (nil vitamin E supplement). The 2nd and 3rd groups were daily and individually administrated 400 IU of α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E), 28 days prepartum (T1) and for 28 days pre and 28 days postpartum (T2). Experimental animals were offered their daily requirements during pregnancy and early lactation according to (NRC recommendations, 1985). Blood samples were routinely withdrawn from ewes and their offspring’s to assess some blood measurements i.e. (GSH-Px), LDH, ALT, AST, Total protein and globulin fractions. Results obtained indicated that, Vitamin E supplementation to pregnant ewes during late gestation led to affect significantly (p<0.05) ewes and lambs (GSH-Px) enzyme activity, increase (p<0.05) serum total protein and globulin concentration value in favor of the two supplemented ewes groups and the corresponding offspring’s. However, non-significant differences (p<0.05) in LDH enzyme concentration was detected. Liver enzyme activity i.e. ALT and AST indicated significant differences (p<0.05), indicating higher (p<0.05) values for both the two supplemented groups in comparison with the control ewes group and their lambs.

The role of vitamin E or clay in growing Japanese quail fed diets polluted by cadmium at various levels

This study was conducted to verify whether vitamin (Vit) E or natural clay as feed additives has the potential to modulate the deleterious effects resulting from exposure to cadmium (Cd) in growing Japanese quail. 648 Japanese quail chicks (1 week old) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary Cd (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg diet) and two levels of Vit E (0, 250 mg/kg diet) or two levels of natural clay (0 and 100 mg/kg diet) to study the influences of Cd, Vit E, clay or their different combinations on growth performance, carcass traits, some blood biochemical components and Cd residues in muscles and liver. Live BW and weight gain of quails were linearly decreased with increasing dietary Cd levels. Moreover, feed conversion was significantly worsened with increasing Cd level. Mortality percentage was linearly increased as dietary Cd level increased up to 120 mg/kg diet. Carcass percentage was linearly decreased as dietary Cd level increased. While, giblets percentage were linearly and quadratically differed as dietary Cd level increased. Cd caused significant changes in total plasma protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, creatinine, urea-N and uric acid concentrations as well as ALT, AST and ALP activities. Increasing dietary Cd level was associated with its increase in the muscles and liver. Dietary supplementation with 250 mg of Vit E/kg diet or 100 mg clay/kg improved live BW, BW gain and feed conversion when compared with the un-supplemented diet. Quails fed diet contained 250 mg Vit E/kg and those fed 100 mg clay/kg had the highest percentages of carcass and dressing than those fed the un-supplemented diet. Blood plasma biochemical components studied were better when birds received 250 mg of Vit E/kg diet and those received 100 mg clay/kg. Cd residues in the muscles and liver were significantly less in the birds had 250 mg of Vit E/kg or those received 100 mg clay/kg diet than those un-supplemented with Vit E. Growth performance traits and blood plasma biochemical components studied were significantly affected linearly by the interactions among Cd and each of Vit E and clay levels. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the deleterious effects induced by Cd plays a role in decreasing the performance of Japanese quail and that dietary supplementation with natural clay or Vit E may be useful in partly alleviating the adverse effects of Cd.

Efeitos de fontes orgânicas de cobre e enxofre sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos no soro de ovinos

RESUMO: Minerais são componentes essenciais na dieta, exercendo diversas funções no organismo animal onde o uso de sais orgânicos visa aumentar a disponibilidade dos inerais no trato digestório. O perfil metabólico auxilia na avaliação de índices produtivos, para tanto, se faz análises de componentes bioquímicos do sangue. O objetivo foi estudar os efeitos que fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas de cobre e enxofre possuem nos parâmetros bioquímicos. O experimento foi realizado na FZEA/USP, para tanto 40 ovinos foram distribuídos em 10tratamentos: 1) dieta basal; 2) dieta contendo Mo; 3) dieta basal+ Cu inorg + S inorg; 4) dieta basal + Cu inorg + S org; 5) dieta basal + Cu org + S inorg; 6) dieta basal + Cu org + S org; 7) dieta com Mo + Cu inorg + S inorg; 8) dieta com Mo + Cu inorg + S org; 9) dieta com Mo + Cu org + S inorg; 10) dieta com Mo + Cu org + S org. De acordo com cada tratamento houve a inclusão de 10mgkg-1 de MS de Cu inorgânico ou orgânico ou 10 mg kg-1 de MS de Mo ou 0,2% de S inorgânico ou orgânico. Os animais receberam dieta única duas vezes ao dia com inclusão de volumoso num total de 3% do peso vivo. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias, com coletas a cada 28 dias para estudo de glicose, ureia, albumina, colesterol, triglicerídeos. Os parâmetros foram analisados com estrutura fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 (com e sem Mo, Cu orgânico e inorgânico e S orgânico e inorgânico) e uma dieta basal e uma basal mais molibdênio, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com um nível de significância de 5%. Os teores séricos de glicose, ureia, albumina e colesterol não apresentaram diferença significativa entre tratamentos e tempo, tão pouco foram influenciados (p&gt;0.05) pelos tratamentos, sendo as médias 64,8mg dl-1; 30,0mg dl-1; 2,78mg L-1; 72,2mg dl-1respectivamente, apresentando-se dentro da normalidade. Os teores de triglicerídeos nos tratamentos (28.8; 34.8; 30.8; 36.9; 34.3; 27.0; 31.6; 32.1; 34.6; 31.1mg dl-1) foram influenciados pela interação Cu x S.

Correlation between Biochemical Components and Admittance based on Complex Relative Permittivity of Kidney Disease Patients' Blood Before and After Hemodialysis

For reducing the hemodialysis time of kidney disease patients, we are attempting to monitor hemodialysis quality in a real time based on dielectric constants of blood. Using a network analyzer with an open-ended coaxial-type dielectric probe, we measured complex relative permittivities ranging from 200 MHz to 6 GHz for blood of eighteen kidney disease patients before and after hemodialysis, and then derived from them admittance consisting of conductance G [S/m] and susceptance B [S/m] in order to make statistical correlation analyses between the G-B plots and blood biochemical components. As a result, we found that significant correlations are observed between the parameters of the linear approximations to the G-B plots at frequencies from 4 GHz to 6 GHz and blood urea nitrogen or creatinine before and after the hemodialysis. This finding suggests a possibility of real-time monitoring of the hemodialysis quality.

The Effect of Red Ginseng Extracts on Blood Biochemical Parameters, Bone Density and Bone Inorganic Components in Ovariectomized Rats

Abstract We investigated the effect of red ginseng extracts on blood biochemical parameters, bone density and bone inorganic components etc. and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Test. In the results of our study, the level of albumin and HDL, Ca, P, Mg, and estradiol in blood, and the content of Ca, P, ash in femur were significantly increased in red ginseng treated group than in OVX group, and the level of ALP, AST, ALT, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, creatinine, osteocalcin, and N-terminal telopeptide were significantly decreased in red ginseng treated group than in OVX group (p < 0.01). From these results, we knew that within the normal level, red ginseng extracts improved liver and kidney function, component of glucose and lipid in blood, bone density, bone ash and inorganic components in femur, and index related with bone metabolism. Key Words : Red ginseng extracts, Blood biochemical components, Blood glucose, Bone density, Bone inorganic components

육계 사료 내 매실 및 오미자 첨가가 성장, 혈액 생화학 성분 및 항산화 작용에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 매실과 오미자 분말을 첨가한 사료를 급여하여 육계의 성장과 사료 효율, 소화 장기 무게, 혈액 성상 및 체내 항산화 방어 작용에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 실험 설계로서 3일령 육계 96수를 각 처리구당 32수씩(n=8) 대조구(CON), 매실 0.2%(PMS) 및 오미자 0.2%(SCB) 등 3 처리구에 완전임의 배치하여 35일령까지 사양시험을 실시하였다 전 시험기간(3~35일령)의 체중, 증체량, 사료 섭취량 및 사료 요구율은 천연물 첨가에 따른 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 간, 소장, 췌장 등과 같은 소화기관 무게 역시 매실과 오미자 첨가에 따른 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈액 생화학 성상을 살펴보면 오미자 첨가구는 대조구보다 triglyceride 수준이 유의적으로 증가되었지만(P<0.05), glucose, total protein, cholesterol, HDLC, LDLC등과 같은 성분은 유의적 변화가 없었다. 또한 오미자 첨가구가 매실 첨가구에 비해 유의적으로 혈중 glucose 함량이 증가하였다(P<0.05). 항산화 방어 작용에 대한 지표를 분석한 결과, in vitro에서 매실 및 오미자는 높은 항산화 소거능(RSA)을 보였으며, 특히 오미자 추출물에서 더욱 높게 나타났다. 또한 간 또는 근육 조직의 GSH 함량은 오미자 및 매실 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었다(P<0.05). 그러나 소장점막세포, 간 및 근육에서 SOD, GPX 및 GST와 같은 항산화 효소의 활성도 및 지질과산화도(MDA)는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 0.2% 수준의 매실 및 오미자분말의 급여는 육계의 사양성적 및 장기무게에 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 이들 물질은 체 조직에서 항산화력을 증가시키므로 육계 사료 내 천연 항산화소재로서 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of freeze-dried plum (Prunus mume Siebold and Zucc., PMS) or omija meal (Schizandra chinensis Baill.; SCB) on growth performance, organ weights, blood biochemical profiles and antioxidant defense system, a total of 96, 3-day-old male broiler chickens were assigned to three dietary groups: (1) control diet, (2) control diet supplemented with PMS at 0.2%, (3) control diet supplemented with SCB at 0.2%. In vitro antioxidant activity, plum and omija extracts showed a significantly higher radical scavenging activity (RSA). In particular, omija extract showed much higher RSA than plum extract. Dietary addition of plum or omija did not affect body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and the relative weight of digestive organ in birds. Plasma triglyceride significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed the diet supplemented with omija compared with those fed control diet without affecting the other blood biochemical components. Furthermore, reduced form of glutathione (GSH) in the liver or muscle significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed the diet fortified with plum and omija. However, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MDA (malondealdehyde) in the intestine, liver and muscle were not altered by dietary antioxidant sources. In conclusion, dietary plum and omija resulted in a positive effect on some antioxidant indicators such as increased in vitro RAS in extracts and in vivo GSH level in the liver and muscle without affecting growth performance. Therefore, dietary addition of 0.2% of plum or omija could be applicable as potential antioxidant sources in broiler chick production.

Comparative Study of Selected Blood Biochemical Components in Milk or Milk-Replacer Fed Calves during the Second Week of Life

The experiment was carried out on 13 male Polish Black and White dairy calves of 75% share of the Holstein-Friesian (HF) breed during the second week of life. The animals were divided into two groups. One group (n=7) was fed mother's milk and the second (n=6) milk replacer. The dynamics of changes in concentration of selected blood biochemical components connected with nitrogen metabolism (plasma total protein, albumin, urea, endogenous creatinine) and with mineral metabolism (sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and plasma osmotic pressure) were analyzed in both groups. The results show that the type of ingested food influences the concentration of indicators reflecting nitrogen metabolism. Changes of these parameters in calves fed milk replacer are possibly connected with advantageous catabolic changes. Stable concentrations of main extracellular fluid electrolytes and blood plasma osmotic pressure were found in both groups of calves. Constant blood plasma calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper concentrations observed during this study might also indicate the relative maturity of mechanisms maintaining water and electrolyte balance. Nevertheless, it seemsjustifiable to monitor the copper concentrations in plasma of young calves.

Age-related Changes of Selected Blood Biochemical Indicators in Dairy Calves during Their First Week of Life

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of age and ingested food (colostrum and mature milk) on the concentrations of selected blood biochemical components connected with nitrogen and mineral metabolism in dairy calves during their first week of life. The experiment was carried out on 13 Polish Black and White breed dairy calves. The animals were fed colostrum within the first 3 days of postnatal life and thereafter the mature milk of their dams until the end ofthe experiment (7 days). The obtained results showed that intensive catabolic and anabolic changes in nitrogen occur in the first week of life. These changes were particularly intense during the first 24-48 hours of life and may reflect dynamic tissue remodelling. The results of this experiment also show that healthy calves efficiently regulate water and electrolyte homeostasis.

Alterations of Growth, Blood Biochemical Components and Hormone Profiles by Intensified Nutrition in Growth Retarded Japanese Black Cattle

In order to determine the clinical conditions of Japanese Black (JB) cattle with growth retardation, we determined the changes of body growth, blood profiles of metabolism and hormones caused by intensified nutrition (sufficient total digestible nutrients and digestible crude protein for a target daily gain set at 1.2-1.3 kg/day) in three cattle. The daily gain (DG) was increased during the intensified period (Intense) compared with the preparation period (Pre), but the DG in the Intense period was 36-66% of the target DG. Serum albumin, total cholesterol, insulin and IGF-1 increased during the Intense period compared with the Pre period. Serum GH showed high levels in the Pre period, whereas it showed lower levels in the Intense period. These results suggested that the present growth retarded cattle had abnormalities in their metabolic systems and lacked nutrient absorption.

PROTEINOGRAMA SÉRICO DE OVINOS INTOXICADOS POR COBRE

SERUM PROTEINOGRAM IN COPPER-POISONED SHEEP Sheep have a tendency to accumulate copper in the body. When the liver storage capacity is exhausted, there is a sudden release of the accumulated copper into the blood causing clinical signs of poisoning. This study investigates the changes in serum proteins during pre-hemolytic and hemolytic phases of chronic copper poisoning. A total of 6 lambs were randomly divided into two groups: control group (Group 1); and experimental group (Group 2). In addition to the daily diet, animals from the second group received 3mg of CuSO4 5H2O/Kg LW per day during the first week, after which it was increased at weekly intervals. Blood biochemical components were assessed at various times: M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 and M6. Serum analysis revealed reduction of ceruloplasmin levels, whereas transferrin levels, the 35,000 Da protein, and IgG light chains increased in M2.

Cellular and Some Biochemical Changes in Blood and Peritoneal Fluid Constituents in Awassi Lambs Following Elective Castration

No reports could be cited in the recent literature concerning the effects of surgical castration on blood and peritoneal fluid constituents in lambs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of surgical castration on cellular and some biochemical parameters of blood and peritoneal fluid in Awassi lambs. Eight, clinically healthy, 5-month-old, Awassi lambs were surgically castrated. Peritoneal fluid and blood samples were collected prior to castration (day 0) and on days 1, 3 and 7 post castration. Total nucleated cell count (TNCC) was determined using an electric cell counter. Total protein (TP), albumin, fibrinogen, creatinine, urea, glucose, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations were analyzed using commercially available kits. Following castration, the number of peripheral fluid white blood cells (WBC) and the percentage of neutrophils significantly increased (p 0.05) in the percentage of lymphocytes in the peritoneal fluid. The concentration of peritoneal fluid TP, urea, creatinine, glucose, ALP and AST significantly increased (p<0.05) while LDH concentration did not change. Results of this study show that changes in the blood and peritoneal fluid cellular and biochemical components are likely to follow elective surgical castration in lambs. These changes must be taken in consideration when peritoneal fluid samples from lambs are evaluated for the diagnosis of abdominal diseases.