Blockchain-based Electronic Voting Research Articles

Blockchain-based e-voting system in a university

The blockchain-based electronic voting (e-voting) system, offers universities a safe, easy-to-use platform that enhances accuracy and integrity. Despite that, it is challenging to integrate the blockchain-based e-voting system with current platforms and private data. Managing latency is another requirement during the blockchain transactions (votes/elections). In this work, we suggested a novel system that uses smart contracts on the consortium blockchain to address these constraints. The voters and electors in a university can vote and elect respecting the rules established in smart contracts. The miners validate transactions using proof of work (PoW) and proof of stake (PoS). Data integrity and voter validity are ensured via the SHA-256 hash algorithm and the ECDSA signature. The implementation results demonstrate that the suggested method works better than the state-of-the-art. exceeds the state-of-the-art in terms of gas cost and execution time.

Analysis of research on the implementation of Blockchain technologies in regional electoral processes

Implementation of Blockchain technologies in online voting system is becoming increasingly popular in modern society and has significantly efficiency in governance. This article explores how Blockchain technologies can boost government operations, making them more transparent and effective. It focuses on an in-depth analysis of current research and methods on Blockchain-based electronic voting systems. The aim of this study is investigated and analysis the potential contributions of Blockchain technology to e-voting by drawing insights from global best practices. According to literature review and case studies of Blockchain implementation in government are conducted to identify existing systems and methods of e-voting, identifying their strengths and weaknesses by analyzing European countries and preparing the ground for future alternatives. Additionally, it examined the role of public education in fostering trust and understanding of Blockchain technology and analyzed the legislative landscape in neighboring jurisdictions to solidify Blockchain’s role in decision-making processes. The results of the study provide a comprehensive perspective, and the findings emphasize the relevance of the study, its contribution to understanding the problems and prospects of introducing Blockchain into electoral processes at the regional level.

E-Voting System Using Blockchain and Face Recognition

Abstract: Voting systems have evolved over time, with paper voting becoming the most common worldwide. The introduction of electronic voting in the last decade has brought long-term solutions, but problems remain, especially in terms of security, trust, transparency and operation. Estonia has emerged as a leader in electronic voting despite limited blockchain integration. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution to these challenges through immutability and decentralization. However, current blockchain-based voting technology often lacks good solutions or lacks adequate measurement and evaluation. This article presents a new blockchain-based electronic voting platform designed to solve these problems in many elections. Our platform, which uses blockchain technology, prevents external intervention when starting the election by completing the administrative process in the central distribution system. Always be transparent while protecting voters' identities with homomorphic encryption. Our extensive testing and comparisons on our independent blockchain projects show that there is little difference between public and private blockchains. The main innovation of our solution is the provided management system using blockchain and homomorphic encryption, transparent process and stable security and self-assessment. This research contributes to the development of electronic elections to increase the security, transparency and efficiency of the democratic process.

Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting System: Significance and Requirements

In a democratic regime, voting is crucial to making collective decisions. Unfortunately, although this activity has great significance and value, little effort has been made to improve the way we vote. Paper ballots are still the most used method, although this method is relatively simple, brings many inconveniences, and represents a contradiction to the modern world and its advances. This paper mostly focuses on a review study of blockchain-based voting systems. It aims at identifying the strategies and the guidelines as well as provides a comprehensive end-to-end electronic voting system based on blockchain, with the help of cryptographic techniques such as zero-knowledge proofs to improve privacy. The novelty of this paper is that we tackle the limitations of electronic voting systems found in the literature, including cost, identity management, and scalability problems. Our purpose is to provide key elements for organizations on how to design their proper electronic voting system based on blockchain technology.

Meta-analysis of blockchain-powered electronic voting systems

Electronic voting systems are increasingly becoming popular globally for political and non-political purposes. The three key constraints for lack of trust in e-voting systems are security, transparency, and voter privacy. Blockchain is a promising technology that addresses these needs. This study uses a meta-analysis approach to identify key themes, trends, and considerations from current blockchain-based electronic voting system research. The study lists topics that are of potential future research interest and benefit various stakeholders, including researchers, government agencies, election commissions, and electoral bodies.

Blockchain-based electronic voting systems: A case study in Morocco

This research examines the feasibility of implementing blockchain-based electronic voting systems in Morocco to enhance electoral transparency and integrity. The study employs a methodology that combines Distributed Permission Ledger Technology (DPLT) and the Solana blockchain, resulting in a multilayered system. The main findings highlight the effectiveness of blockchain technology in mitigating electoral fraud and manipulation when implemented with precision, underscoring the importance of meticulous design and execution. These findings contribute significantly to discussions surrounding the modernization of electoral processes in the digital age and support the hypothesis that blockchain can address vulnerabilities in traditional voting methods. Moreover, the study marks a significant step toward modernizing elections, preserving democratic principles, and reinforcing the role of technology in addressing persistent electoral challenges, ultimately enhancing accessibility, security, and transparency in elections and strengthening democracy in the digital era.

Catalysing Democracy: Exploring Security and Performance in Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting Systems and Centralized Solutions

Abstract: This research paper conducts a comprehensive comparative study between blockchain-based electronic voting systems and centralized solutions, focusing on their security and performance attributes. Acknowledging the significance of electronic voting in modern democracies, the study delves into blockchain's role in enhancing security and transparency while addressing potential challenges. Through an in-depth literature review, the paper examines the existing research landscape, highlighting security aspects, performance evaluations, and the impact of decentralization. The subsequent analyses dissect the security features, enhancements, vulnerabilities, and potential attacks in each system, followed by a thorough performance assessment encompassing transaction speed, scalability, and resource consumption. The interplay between security and performance tradeoffs is explored, culminating in a discussion of the research's implications, future directions, and ethical considerations. The study's significance lies in guiding decision-making, promoting balance, and fostering ongoing innovation in the pursuit of secure and efficient electronic voting systems.

The Future of Democracy: Exploring the Potential of Block chain-Based Digital Voting Systems

A key component of democratic governance in modern countries is the election process. But due to worries about things like polling booth capturing, data manipulation, and vote rigging, a general mistrust in the electoral process has evolved. Because they put election data under the authority of outside organizations, both the traditional and computerized voting systems now in use lack the required transparency. Voters have few options to verify that election administrators will carefully and accurately count their votes due to a lack of openness. To create an electronic voting (e-voting) system that upholds the ideals of fairness and security, it is imperative to take advantage of developing technology, particularly blockchain. When correctly applied, blockchain technology's public distributed ledger holds the potential to make tampering almost impossible. In this regard, our research suggests a decentralized electronic voting system that makes use of blockchain technology as a remedy to deal with the aforementioned issues. Through the elimination of the possibility of centralized election control, this approach seeks to reduce the dangers connected with conventional election procedures and increase voter confidence. The suggested method offers a tamper-proof, transparent, verifiable, economical, and reliable voting process through the distribution of control across several governing and non-governing bodies. This paper examines the development and implementation of such a blockchain-based electronic voting system, shedding insight on how it may enhance the openness and accessibility of democratic elections in contemporary societies.

Design and Development of Protected E-Voting System

We all know that voting is the primary factor to change the country’s future. Earlier, EVM, i.e., Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) were used to conduct voting across various cities and villages. But there were many issues in this system such as missing names in voter lists, misplaced votes, fake votes and so on. To tackle this problem an electronic decentralized system can be integrated, so one of these decentralized technologies is Blockchain technology. Blockchain-based electronic voting systems are a promising area of research to address the issue with traditional voting methods. The electronic voting system must overcome these issues before it can be used on a large basis. It results in developing a highly secure and transparent E-voting system that can handle all edge cases. This paper presents the results of the basic Blockchain technology implemented to demonstrate the efficient use for the E- Voting. The implementation of this system presents that the user candidate and Administrator can communicate securely using implemented system. This shows the use of Blockchain in the Applications where security is prime importance.

BLOCKCHAIN BASED E-VOTING SYSTEM

Elections are a critical component of democracy, and their integrity is essential to ensuring a fair and just society. Traditional voting systems have a number of flaws, including a lack of transparency, vulnerability to tampering, and the possibility of human error. Blockchain technology has gained attention in recent years for its potential to address these issues while also improving election security and transparency. This research paper describes the design and implementation of a blockchain-based e-voting system. The proposed system uses a distributed ledger to record votes securely and transparently, making it difficult for anyone to manipulate or alter the results. The system safeguards voter anonymityand prevents double voting. The system uses Ethereum, a popular blockchain platform, and smart contracts to automate the voting process. Smart contracts handle vote counting and tallying, which eliminates the need for centralised authority. By requiring a majority of network nodes to agree on the validity of each transaction, a consensus algorithm ensures thesystem's security. The proposed blockchain-based electronic voting system outperforms traditional voting systems in terms of transparency, security, and efficiency. Because of the system's design, it is easy to integrate with existing election processes, making it a viable option for future adoption. Both Simply Voting and Election Buddy provide secure and customizable online voting services for businesses, blockchain-based e-voting systems offer distinct advantages in terms of security, transparency, and decentralisation.[21][22]

An overview of Blockchain Technology towards E-voting in Malaysia

This paper gives a general overview of blockchain-based electronic voting systems. The aim of this paper is to examine the status of blockchain-based voting research, as well as any potential difficulties, with the aim of predicting future developments in the Malaysia scenario. This paper was conducted based on literature review. A conceptual description of the planned blockchain-based e-voting application is provided after an introduction to the fundamental structure and characteristics of the blockchain in relation to e-voting. In addition, this paper also highlights several issues related to blockchain technologies and e-voting. Keywords: e-voting, Blockchain, Blockchain technology eISSN: 2398-4287© 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on Scalable Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting Systems.

Electronic voting systems must find solutions to various issues with authentication, data privacy and integrity, transparency, and verifiability. On the other hand, Blockchain technology offers an innovative solution to many of these problems. The scalability of Blockchain has arisen as a fundamental barrier to realizing the promise of this technology, especially in electronic voting. This study seeks to highlight the solutions regarding scalable Blockchain-based electronic voting systems and the issues linked with them while also attempting to foresee future developments. A systematic literature review (SLR) was used to complete the task, leading to the selection of 76 articles in the English language from 1 January 2017 to 31 March 2022 from the famous databases. This SLR was conducted to identify well-known proposals, their implementations, verification methods, various cryptographic solutions in previous research to evaluate cost and time. It also identifies performance parameters, the primary advantages and obstacles presented by different systems, and the most common approaches for Blockchain scalability. In addition, it outlines several possible research avenues for developing a scalable electronic voting system based on Blockchain technology. This research helps future research before proposing or developing any solutions to keep in mind all the voting requirements, merits, and demerits of the proposed solutions and provides further guidelines for scalable voting solutions.

A blockchain-based electronic voting system without third parties

A blockchain-based electronic voting system without third parties

Blokzincir Teknolojisi Yerel Yönetimlerde Katılımı Artırabilir Mi? Yerel Yönetimlerde Blokzincir Tabanlı Oylama Sistemleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of applications that use blockchain-based electronic voting systems on local participation. The study is structured in this framework to contain three sections. The conceptual framework of the study is presented in the first section. The major concepts (participation, digitization, blockchain, and local governments, among others) to be used in the contents of the study are addressed. The second chapter provides a brief overview of blockchain technology, as well as its applications and historical evolution. The third section discussed what blockchain technology was, as well as its attributes and potential benefits to local participation. The main finding obtained in this study shows that the implementation of blockchain-based voting systems will increase local participation

A Liquid Democracy Enabled Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting System

Developing an electronic voting system that meets the practical needs of administrators has been a difficult task for a long time. Now, blockchain technologies solve this problem by providing a distributed ledger with immutable, encrypted, and secure transactions. Distributed ledger technologies are an interesting technological leap in the field of data innovation, transparency, and trustability. In public blockchain, distributed ledger technology is widely used. The blockchain technology can be used in an almost infinite number of ways to benefit from sharing economies. The purpose of this study is to assess how blockchain may be utilized to build electronic voting systems that can be used as a service. The purpose of electronic voting systems is explained in this article, as are the technological and legal limitations of employing blockchain as a service. Then, using blockchain as a foundation, we propose a new electronic voting system that fixes the flaws we observed. In general, this paper evaluates the capabilities of distributed ledger technologies by depicting a contextual investigation in order to fine-tune the process of political election decisions and employing a blockchain-based application that improves security and lowers the cost of conducting nationwide elections.

Advantages and disadvantages of blockchain-based electronic voting systems with homomorphic encryption

The work examines the phenomenon of electronic voting and advantages and disadvantages of such systems. Particular attention is paid to the electronic voting systems that use block chain technologies in their scheme. The purpose of the publication is to create a theoretical model of the electronic voting system, which will include all stages of the elections. In this work, a study and analysis of the existing electronic voting systems were carried out, the requirements for the creation of electronic voting systems were substantiated. Possible attacks on both conventional electronic voting systems and options using the block chain were given. The advantages of the work include theoretical and practical models, comparison and study of possible attacks on various types of electronic voting systems.

Blockchain for Electronic Voting System-Review and Open Research Challenges.

Online voting is a trend that is gaining momentum in modern society. It has great potential to decrease organizational costs and increase voter turnout. It eliminates the need to print ballot papers or open polling stations—voters can vote from wherever there is an Internet connection. Despite these benefits, online voting solutions are viewed with a great deal of caution because they introduce new threats. A single vulnerability can lead to large-scale manipulations of votes. Electronic voting systems must be legitimate, accurate, safe, and convenient when used for elections. Nonetheless, adoption may be limited by potential problems associated with electronic voting systems. Blockchain technology came into the ground to overcome these issues and offers decentralized nodes for electronic voting and is used to produce electronic voting systems mainly because of their end-to-end verification advantages. This technology is a beautiful replacement for traditional electronic voting solutions with distributed, non-repudiation, and security protection characteristics. The following article gives an overview of electronic voting systems based on blockchain technology. The main goal of this analysis was to examine the current status of blockchain-based voting research and online voting systems and any related difficulties to predict future developments. This study provides a conceptual description of the intended blockchain-based electronic voting application and an introduction to the fundamental structure and characteristics of the blockchain in connection to electronic voting. As a consequence of this study, it was discovered that blockchain systems may help solve some of the issues that now plague election systems. On the other hand, the most often mentioned issues in blockchain applications are privacy protection and transaction speed. For a sustainable blockchain-based electronic voting system, the security of remote participation must be viable, and for scalability, transaction speed must be addressed. Due to these concerns, it was determined that the existing frameworks need to be improved to be utilized in voting systems.

Designing a Blockchain-Based Pemilu E-Voting Information System

Data is an important thing as a base of an analytic or a hypothesis for concluding participant vote data in the Indonesian General Election. The data needs to be processed and secured, so the integrity of the data is in good condition. It also needs to protect the participant voting rights, so the information is correctly displayed. The research problems include creating a system that protects the integrity of election data and creating a system that protects election rights for each voter. Based on the problems, this research discusses a blockchain-based electronic voting information system that would secure the integrity of data and also protecting the participant voting rights in a General Election. The system uses Ethereum as a blockchain with Solidity as a programming language to build a smart contract and is built in Microsoft Windows platform. In this research, consortium blockchain and biometric fingerprint authentication are used as a problem-solving method, and waterfall steps is used as a system development method. The result of this research is a proposed design of the e-voting system. The conclusion based on this research is a blockchain-based e-voting system that secures the integrity of the data in a selection process and ensures protection to each vote right.
 
 Index Terms—Authentication; Blockchain; Data; Integrity; E-Voting; System

Trends in blockchain-based electronic voting systems

Electronic voting systems face many challenges, including authentication, privacy, data integrity, transparency and verifiability. However, the developed over 10 years ago blockchain technology provides an out-of-the-box solution for many of those challenges. Despite that, some issues are still to be solved, like remote authentication, anonymity and end-to-end verifiability. For this reason, research on new and better blockchain-based systems is still ongoing. The main goal of this study is to highlight the current trends in this research and its eventual shortcomings. This was accomplished by conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) (Kitchenham and Charters, 2007), which resulted in selecting 35 publications. The performed SLR allowed to define trends in utilized blockchain technologies, intended scenarios, testing methods, main benefits and challenges faced by various systems and the most used cryptographic solutions.

A Cost-Efficient Proof-of-Stake-Voting Based Auditable Blockchain e-Voting System

In recent years, blockchain-based systems have emerged powerfully and led to the development of several new and improved applications in terms of increased security, trust, accountability and reliability. One important trust-based application is electronic voting system which still lacks in providing good throughput while also reducing the costs in voting given the deployment of state-of-the-art technologies. So, there is a need to imply an efficient consensus protocol to impart cost-efficiency as well as better performance of a blockchain-based electronic voting system. This paper focuses on boosting up the cost-efficiency in the voting process, while also being auditable, thus, strengthening the trust of voters on the government and lessening the overall costs incurred in voting. In this paper, Proof-of-Stake-Voting is used as consensus protocol which is observed to give a throughput of 4-5K transactions per second. Then its performance is compared with the other existing consensus protocols such as Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Authority in terms of gas consumption, gas cost, and throughput. It has been shown through the results that there is a significant difference in the total gas cost, with Proof-of-Stake-Voting protocol consuming 3.1 x 10−7 Ethers (ETH), as compared to the Proof-of-Work, taking 5.42536 x 10−4 ETH and Proof-of-Authority protocols taking 2.49759 x 10−4 ETH.